Multiflavor soldering

In two dimensions the simple addition of two chiral bosons of opposite chiralities does not lead to a full massless scalar field. Similarly, in three dimensions the addition of two Maxwell-Chern-Simons fields of opposite helicities +/- 1 will not produce a parity invariant Maxwell-Proca theory. An interference term between the opposite chiralities (helicities) states is required in order to obtain the expected result. The so-called soldering procedure provides the missing interference Lagrangian in both 2D and 3D cases. In two dimensions such interference term allows to fuse two chiral fermionic determinants into, a non-chiral one. In a recent work we have generalized this procedure by allowing the appearance of an extra parameter which takes two possible values and leads to two different soldered Lagrangians. Here we apply this generalized soldering in a bosonic theory which has appeared in a partial bosonization of the 3D gauged Thirring model with N flavors. The multiplicity of flavors allow new types of solderings and help us to understand the connection between different perturbative approaches to bosonization in 3D. In particular, we obtain an interference term which takes us from a multiflavor Niaxwell-Chern-Simons theory to a pair of self-dual and anti-self-dual theories when we combine together both fermionic determinants of +1/2 and -1/2 helicity fermions. An important role is played by a set of pure non-interacting Chern-Simons fields which amount to a normalization factor in the fermionic determinants and act like spectators in the original theory but play an active role in the soldering procedure. Our results suggest that the generalized soldering could be used to provide dual theories in both 2D and 3D cases. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Generalizing the soldering procedure

We start this work by revisiting the problem of the soldering of two chiral Schwinger models of opposite chiralities. We verify that, different from what one can conclude from the current literature, the usual sum of these models is, in fact, gauge invariant and corresponds to a composite model, where the component models are the vector and axial Schwinger models. As a consequence, we reinterpret this formalism as a kind of degree of freedom reduction mechanism. This result has led us to discover a second soldering possibility giving rise to the axial Schwinger model. This new result is seemingly rather general. We explore it here in the soldering of two Maxwell-Chern-Simons theories with different masses.

Generalized soldering of +/- 2 helicity states in D=2+1

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of framework soldering on the deformation of implant abutments after framework seating

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Evaluation of Electrical Properties of Lap Joints for BSCCO and YBCO Tapes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Generalized duality between local vector theories in D=2+1

The existence of an interpolating master action does not guarantee the same spectrum for the interpolated dual theories. In the specific case of a generalized self-dual (GSD) model defined as the addition of the Maxwell term to the self-dual model in D = 2 + 1, previous master actions have furnished a dual gauge theory which is either nonlocal or contains a ghost mode. Here we show that by reducing the Maxwell term to first order by means of an auxiliary field we are able to define a master action which interpolates between the GSD model and a couple of non-interacting Maxwell-Chern-Simons theories of opposite helicities. The presence of an auxiliary field explains the doubling of fields in the dual gauge theory. A generalized duality transformation is defined and both models can be interpreted as self-dual models. Furthermore, it is shown how to obtain the gauge invariant correlators of the non-interacting MCS theories from the correlators of the self-dual field in the GSD model and vice-versa. The derivation of the non-interacting MCS theories from the GSD model, as presented here, works in the opposite direction of the soldering approach.

New approaches in W gravities

We devote effort to studying some nonlinear actions, characteristic of W theories, in the framework of the soldering formalism. We disclose interesting new results concerning the embedding of the original chiral W particles in different metrical spaces in the final soldered action; i.e., the metric is modified by the soldering interference process. The results are presented in a weak field approximation for the W-N case when Ngreater than or equal to3 and also in an exact way for W-2. We promote a generalization of the interference phenomenon to W-N theories of different chiralities and show that the geometrical features introduced can yield a new understanding of the interference formalism in quantum field theories.

Duality of parity doublets of helicity +/- 2 in D=2+1 dimensions

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

New possibilities for the gauging of chiral bosons

We study a new mechanism for the electromagnetic gauging of chiral bosons showing that new possibilities emerge for the interacting theory of chiral scalars. We introduce a chirally coupled gauge field necessary to mod out the degree of freedom that obstructs gauge invariance in a system of two opposite chiral bosons soldering them together.

Interference phenomenon for the Faddeevian regularization of 2D chiral fermionic determinants

The classification of the regularization ambiguity of a 2D fermionic determinant in three different classes according to the number of second-class constraints, including the new Faddeevian regularization, is examined and extended. We find a new and important result that the Faddeevian class, with three second-class constraints, possesses a free continuous one parameter family of elements. The criterion of unitarity restricts the parameter to the same range found earlier by Jackiw and Rajaraman for the two-constraint class. We studied the restriction imposed by the interference of right-left modes of the chiral Schwinger model (χQED2) using Stone's soldering formalism. The interference effects between right and left movers, producing the massive vectorial photon, are shown to constrain the regularization parameter to belong to the four-constraint class which is the only nonambiguous class with a unique regularization parameter. ©1999 The American Physical Society.

Interference phenomena, chiral bosons, and Lorentz invariance

We have studied the theory of gauged chiral bosons and proposed a general theory, a master action, that encompasses different kinds of gauge field couplings in chiral bosonized theories with first-class chiral constraints. We have fused opposite chiral aspects of this master action using the soldering formalism and applied the final action to several well-known models. The Lorentz rotation permitted us to fix conditions on the parameters of this general theory in order to preserve the relativistic invariance. We also have established some conditions on the arbitrary parameter concerned in a chiral Schwinger model with a generalized constraint, investigating both covariance and Lorentz invariance. The results obtained supplement the one that shows the soldering formalism as a new method of mass generation. ©2001 The American Physical Society.

New remarks on the linear constraint self-dual boson and Wess-Zumino terms

In this work we prove in a precise way that the soldering formalism can be applied to the Srivastava chiral boson (SCB), in contradiction with some results appearing in the literature. We promote a canonical transformation that shows directly that the SCB is composed of two Floreanini-Jackiw particles with the same chirality in which the spectrum is a vacuumlike one. As another conflicting result, we prove that a Wess-Zumino (WZ) term used in the literature consists of a scalar field, once again denying the assertion that the WZ term adds a new degree of freedom to the SCB theory in order to modify the physics of the system. © 2001 The American Physical Society.

Estudo da densidade óptica e da resistência à flexão de três pontos em corpos-de-prova fundidos com a liga metálica High Bond (Co-Cr), com secções vertical 90°, diagonal 45° e diagonal 22,5°, soldados pelas técnicas convencional e TIG

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Teorias duais massivas de spin-3 em D=2+1: Elias Leite Mendonça. -

Pós-graduação em Física - FEG

Electrical and Superconducting Properties in Lap Joints for YBCO Tapes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)