Logic TK: algebric notions from Tarski's consequence operator

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A neighbourhood semantic for the Logic TK

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Modal transformation applied to double three-phase transmission lines

Double three-phase transmission lines are analyzed in this paper using a modal transformation model. The main attribute of this model is the use of a single real transformation matrix based on line geometrical characteristics and the Clarke matrix. Because of this, for any line point, the electrical values can be accessed for phase domain or mode domain using the considered transformation matrix and without convolution methods. For non-transposed symmetrical lines the errors between the model results and the exact modes are insignificant values. The eigenvector and eigenvalue analyses for transposed lines search the similarities among the three analyzed transposition types and the possible simplifications for a non-transposed case.

Modal transformation analyses for double three-phase transmission lines

Eigenvector and eigenvalue analyses are carried out for double three-phase transmission lines, studying the application of a constant and real phase-mode transformation matrix and the errors of this application to mode line models. Employing some line transposition types, exact results are obtained with a single real transformation matrix based on Clarke's matrix and line geometrical characteristics. It is shown that the proposed technique leads to insignificant errors when a nontransposed case is considered. For both cases, transposed and nontransposed, the access to the electrical values (voltage and current, for example) is provided through a simple matrix multiplication without convolution methods. Using this facility, an interesting model for transmission line analysis is obtained even though the nontransposed case errors are not eliminated. The main advantages of the model are related to the transformation matrix: single, real, frequency independent, and identical for voltage and current.

Decomposição modal de linhas de transmissão a partir do uso de duas matrizes de transformação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Alternative Model of Three-Phase Transmission Line Theory-Based Modal Decomposition

In this paper is shown the development of a transmission line, based on discrete circuit elements that provide responses directly in the time domain and phase. This model is valid for ideally transposed rows represent the phases of each of the small line segments are separated in their modes of propagation and the voltage and current are calculated at the modal field. However, the conversion phase-mode-phase is inserted in the state equations which describe the currents and voltages along the line of which there is no need to know the user of the model representation of the theory in the field lines modal.

Alternative proposal for Modal Representation of a Non-transposed Three-Phase Transmission Line with a Vertical Symmetry Plane

The objective of this paper is to show an alternative representation in time domain of a non-transposed three-phase transmission line decomposed in its exact modes by using two transformation matrices. The first matrix is Clarke's matrix that is real, frequency independent, easily represented in computational transient programs (EMTP) and separates the line into quasi-modes a, b and zero. After that, Quasi-modes a and zero are decomposed into their exact modes by using a modal transformation matrix whose elements can be synthesized in time domain through standard curve-fitting techniques. The main advantage of this alternative representation is to reduce the processing time because a frequency dependent modal transformation matrix of a three-phase line has nine elements to be represented in time domain while a modal transformation matrix of a two-phase line has only four elements. This paper shows modal decomposition process and eigenvectors of a non-transposed three-phase line with a vertical symmetry plane whose nominal voltage is 440 kV and line length is 500 km.

Optimal and robust modal control of a flexible structure using an active dynamic vibration absorber

This paper is concerned with feedback vibration control of a lightly damped flexible structure that has a large number of well-separated modes. A single active electrical dynamic absorber is used to reduce a particular single vibration mode selectively or multiple modes simultaneously. The absorber is realized electrically by feeding back the structural acceleration at one position to a collocated piezoceramic patch actuator via a controller consisting of one or several second order lowpass filters. A simple analytical method is presented to design a modal control filter that is optimal in that it maximally flattens the mobility frequency response of the target mode, as well as robust in that it works within a prescribed maximum control spillover of 2 dB at all frequencies. Experiments are conducted with a free-free beam to demonstrate its ability to control any single mode optimally and robustly. It is also shown that an active absorber with multiple such filters can effectively control multiple modes simultaneously.

Modal analysis of anisotropic diffused-channel waveguide by a scalar finite element method

A procedure to model optical diffused-channel waveguides is presented in this work. The dielectric waveguides present anisotropic refractive indexes which are calculated from the proton concentration. The proton concentration inside the channel is calculated by the anisotropic 2D-linear diffusion equation and converted to the refractive indexes using mathematical relations obtained from experimental data, the arbitrary refractive index profile is modeled by a. nodal expansion in the base functions. The TE and TM-like propagation properties (effective index) and the electromagnetic fields for well-annealed proton-exchanged (APE) LiNbO3 waveguides are computed by the finite element method.

Sprawl e o modal de transporte motorizado: impactos na cidade de Londrina, PR

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

An alternative modal representation of a symmetrical nontransposed three-phase transmission line

The objective of this letter is to propose an alternative modal representation of a nontransposed three-phase transmission line with a vertical symmetry plane by using two transformation matrices. Initially, Clarke's matrix is used to separate the line into components a, 0, and zero. Because a and zero components are not exact modes, they can be considered as being a two-phase line that will be decomposed in its exact modes by using a 2 x 2 modal transformation matrix. This letter will describe the characteristics of the two-phase line before mentioned. This modal representation is applied to decouple a nontransposed three-phase transmission line with a vertical symmetry plane whose nominal voltage is 440 kV.

Modal representation of three-phase lines applying two transformation matrices: Evaluation of its eigenvectors

The objective of this paper is to show an alternative representation in time domain of a non-transposed three-phase transmission line decomposed in its exact modes by using two transformation matrices. The first matrix is Clarke's matrix that is real, frequency independent, easily represented in computational transient programs (EMTP) and separates the line into Quasi-modes alpha, beta and zero. After that, Quasi-modes a and zero are decomposed into their exact modes by using a modal transformation matrix whose elements can be synthesized in time domain through standard curve-fitting techniques. The main advantage of this alternative representation is to reduce the processing time because a frequency dependent modal transformation matrix of a three-phase line has nine elements to be represented in time domain while a modal transformation matrix of a two-phase line has only four elements. This paper shows modal decomposition process and eigenvectors of a nontransposed three-phase line with a vertical symmetry plane whose nominal voltage is 440 kV and line length is 500 km.

Lógica fuzzy na avaliação da fertilidade do solo e produtividade do café conilon

The objective of this study was to analyze, using the geoestatistic and a system of classification fuzzy, the fertility of an experimental area with base in chemical attributes of the soil and its relationship with the productivity of the conilon coffee. The study was accomplished in the experimental farm of the INCAPER - ES. The soil samples were collected in the depth of 0 - 0.2 m, being analyzed the attributes: matches, potassium, calcium and magnesium, aluminum, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity (pH 7), and saturation percentage. The data were submitted to a descriptive, exploratory, and geostatistical analysis. A system of fuzzy classification was applied using the attributes described to infer about the fertility of the soil and its relationship with the productivity of the culture. The fertility possibility presented positive spatial relationship with the productivity of the culture, with higher values of this where the possibility of fertile soil is superior.

Time Domain Analyses for Three-phase Lines with Corrected Modal Transformation Matrix

The results presented in this paper are based on a research about the application of approximated transformation matrices for electromagnetic transient analyses and simulations in transmission lines. Initially, it has developed the application of a single real transformation matrix for a double three-phase transmission lines, because the symmetry of the distribution of the phase conductors and the ground wires. After this, the same type of transformation matrix has applied for symmetrical single three-phase transmission lines. Analyzing asymmetrical single three-phase lines, it has used three different line configurations. For these transmission line types, the errors between the eigenvalues and the approximated results, called quasi modes, have been considered negligible. on the other hand, the quasi mode eigenvalue matrix for each case was not a diagonal one. and the relative values of the off-diagonal elements of the approximated quasi mode matrix are not negligible, mainly for the low frequencies. Based on this problem, a correction procedure has been applied for minimizing the mentioned relative values. For the correction procedure application, symmetrical and asymmetrical single three-phase transmission line samples have been used. Checking the correction procedure results, analyses and simulations have been carried out in mode and time domain. In this paper, the last results of mentioned research are presented and they related to the time domain simulations.

Modal Analysis of a Beam with a Tip Rotor by Using a Fundamental Response

The shape modes of a damped-free beam model with a tip rotor are determined by using a dynamical basis that is generated by a fundamental spatial free response. This is a non-classical distributed model for the displacements in the transverse directions of the beam which turns out to be coupled through boundary conditions due to rotation. Numerical calculations are performed by using the Ritz-Rayleigh method with several approximating basis.