Infrared thermography applied to the evaluation of metabolic heat loss of chicks fed with different energy densities

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Scrotal Thermography and Doppler Ultrasonography of the Testicular Artery of Buffaloes Subjected to Environmental Heat Stress

The process of spermatic division and differentiation (spermatogenesis) occurs with intratesticular temperature lower that the corporal temperature and for that is essential that the testicular thermoregulation mechanism occurs properly. For evaluation of the scrotal surface temperature can be used the infrared thermography or testicular sensors, besides that, can be evaluated the blood flux in the spermatic cord through the Doppler ultrasonography. Therefore the objective of this study was the evaluation of the scrotal thermography and Doppler flowmetry of the testicular artery of buffaloes subjected to environmental heat stress. For that were used seven healthy buffaloes, with age of 3 and 4 years, of the Murrah breed. For the surface scrotal temperature measurement (SST, degrees C) and superficial neck temperature (SNT, degrees C) was used the infrared termography (Infra Cam (TM) of the brand FLIR Systems Inc.), then Doppler flowmetry of the testicular artery in the region of the spermatic cord through the ultrasonography (Mylab 5, Esaote (R)) and measurement of the rectal temperature (RT, degrees C). The evaluations were done in two moments: moment 1 (M1) with all the animals in the shade (Temperature=32,2 degrees C) and moment 2 (M2) after 3 hours of exposure of animals to the sun (Temperature=38,7 degrees C To calculate the resistivity index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI), spectra were obtained from pulsed Doppler in three random regions of the testicular artery in the spermatic cord. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by T test, using a significance level of 5%. There was an increase (p<0,05) of RT (37,4 +/- 0,4(a) vs 39,0 +/- 0,3(b); M1 and M2 respectively), SST (30,6 +/- 1,4(a) vs 35,2,0 +/- 1,0(b); M1 and M2 respectively) and SNT (33,1 +/- 2,5(a) vs 38,5,0 +/- 0,3(b); M1 e M2 respectively) e RI (0,67 +/- 0,1(a) vs 0,74 +/- 0,1(b); M1 e M2 respectively) in M2. Increasing trend was observed (0,05>p>0,01) in PI (1,10 +/- 0,4(a) vs 1,23 +/- 0,2(b); M1 and M2 respectively) in M2. The results of the present study allow us to conclude the healthy buffaloes have the scrotal average surface temperature 3 degrees C lower that the body temperature and that the exposure of 3 hours to sun in healthy buffaloes causes thermal stress to the animals and changes in its surface scrotal temperature, and the Doppler flowmetry of the testicular artery demonstrating the importance of thermal management for breeding buffaloes. Besides that, the thermography and the Doppler ultrasonography presented great potential to detect changes of testicular perfusion, being a promising additional test in the buffalo andrological evaluation.

A Thermal Investigation of Dental Bleaching In Vitro

Objective: Our goal was to investigate the surface temperature variations in the cervical region via infrared thermography, as well as the temperature within the pulp chamber via thermocouples, of mandibular incisors when subjected to dental bleaching using two different 35% hydrogen peroxide gels, red (HP) and green (HPM), when activated by halogen light (HL) and LED light.Background Data: Temperatures increases of more than 5.5 degrees C are considered to be potentially threatening to pulp vitality, while those higher than 10 degrees C can result in periodontal injury.Materials and Methods: Tooth samples were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each), according to the bleaching agent and catalyst light source used.Results: Mean values and standard deviations of the temperature increases inside the pulp chamber in the HL groups were 4.4 degrees +/- 2.1 degrees C with HP, and 4.5 degrees +/- 1.2 degrees C with HPM; whereas in the groups using LED light, they were 1.4 degrees +/- 0.3 degrees C for HP, and 1.5 degrees +/- 0.2 degrees C for HPM. For the root surfaces, the maximum temperature increases in the groups irradiated with HL were 6.5 degrees +/- 1.5 degrees C for HP, and 7.5 degrees +/- 1.1 degrees C with HPM; whereas in the groups irradiated with LED light, they were 2.8 degrees +/- 0.7 degrees C with HP, and 3 degrees +/- 0.8 degrees C with HPM. There were no statistically significant differences in pulp and surface temperature increases between the groups using different gels, although the mean temperature increases were significantly higher for the groups irradiated with HL when compared with those irradiated with the LED light (p < 0.05 with Tukey's test).Conclusion: LED light may be safe for periodontal and pulp tissue when using this method, but HL should be used with care.

Clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% ativado por diversas fontes de energia: análise térmica e microdureza do esmalte

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da utilização da termografia na região umbilical de bezerros holandeses com ou sem sinais clínicos de enterite

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Avaliação in vitro da fotopolimerização de bráquetes vestibulares e linguais com arco de plasma, led e luz halógena

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação do perfil sérico de citocinas e da tempertaura de ovinos submetidos áendotoxemia experimental: Rafael Ferreira de Araújo. -

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Thermographic evaluation of climatic conditions on lambs from different genetic groups

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of testicular thermoregulation on the quality of buffalo sperm

The process of spermatic division and differentiation (spermatogenesis) occurs with intratesticular temperature lower that the corporal temperature and for that is essential that the testicular thermoregulation mechanism occurs properly. For evaluation of the scrotal surface temperature can be used the infrared thermography or testicular sensors, besides that, can be evaluated the blood flux in the spermatic cord through the Doppler ultrasonography. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the testicular thermoregulation in adult buffaloes through scrotal thermography and Doppler ultrasound of testicular artery and verify its effect on sperm quality. For that were used seven healthy buffaloes, with age of 3 and 4 years, of the Murrah breed. The animals were subjected to 3 semen collections using artificial vagina, with one day of interval. In addiction, the retal temperature measurement (RT) with dry bulb thermometer, the measurement of scrotal surface temperature (SST) and body surface temperature (BST) through infrared thermography and the pulsatility (PI) and resistivity (RI) index of testicular artery by Doppler ultrasonography, were performed using 2 distinct moments: animals previously placed to shade (M1) and animals subjected to 4 hours of sun (M2). All parameters were compared by T test and the correlations were performed by Pearson test using the In Stat Graph Pad 3 (R) program. The significant level considered was 5%. There was an increase (p<0,05) of RT, SST, SNT and RI in M2. increasing trend was observed (0,05>p>0,01) PI and RI between M1 and M2. There was a low correlation between SST and semen quality. The results of this study allow us to conclude that adult buffaloes have low ability to perform body and testicular thermoregulation in situations of enviromental heat stress. However, this low capacity of testicular temperature maintenance demonstrated no correlation with the sperm kinetic parameters and sperm morphological defects in buffalo spermatozoa.

Investigation of chemical changes in sealers during application of the warm vertical compaction technique

Aim To assess (i) heat generated by pluggers during warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha and investigation of temperature changes on the external root surface during canal filling, and (ii) the chemical changes of root canal sealers induced by heat.Methodology Four sealers, namely AH Plus, MTA Plus and two other experimental sealers based on tricalcium silicate, were characterised. External temperatures generated on the root surface during warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha with different sealers inside the root canal were monitored using an infrared thermography camera. Chemical changes induced by heating the sealers were assessed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.Results MTA Plus and the experimental sealers were composed of a cement and radiopacifier, with epoxy resin or a water-soluble polymer as dispersant, whilst AH Plus was epoxy resin-based. The heat generated at the tips of the continuous wave pluggers was found to be lower than the temperature set and indicated on the device LCD display. The sealers reduced the heat generated on the external root surfaces during the heating phase. AH Plus sustained changes to its chemical structure after exposure to heat, whilst the other sealers were unaffected.Conclusions The temperatures recorded at the tips of continuous wave pluggers varied with their taper and were lower than the temperature set on the System B LCD display. Root canal sealers reduced the dissipation of heat generated during warm vertical compaction, with the temperature at the external root surface maintained at 37-41 degrees C, a temperature below that is necessary to cause irreversible damage to bone and periodontium. The use of AH Plus sealer during warm vertical compaction techniques results in chemical changes in the sealer. The effect on sealer properties needs to be further investigated.

Termografia e ultrassonografia Doppler do plexo pampiniforme e termografia do escroto de touros: correlação com a qualidade do sêmen

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Acidose ruminal subaguda em ovinos Santa Inês: estudo clínico, laboratorial e avaliação da laminite por termografia infravermelha e radiologia digital

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ambiente térmico y el bienestar de los cerdos en el período de descanso previo al sacrificio

The research aimed to evaluate the relationship between the thermal environment of the rest pens in a pig slaughterhouse and the surface temperature (ST) of the animals as well as the effect of intermittent water spraying on thermal comfort. There were two visits to slaughter industrial being in each selected three pens of rest, one for control treatment (no spray throughout the period) and two for the treatment of intermittent spraying water (30 minutes intervals with constant spray followed by 30 minutes then turned off). Assessments began at the time of discharging animals in which are taken the thermographic images from lots using an infrared thermographic camera. After housing in the pens, were registered the thermographic images and the respiratory frequency (RF) every five minutes for four hours. Were evaluated the temperature, relative humidity and temperature-humidity index (THI). Considering the values of THI was observed that the animals remained in a condition of comfort only at the time of his arrival at the slaughterhouse. The ST and RF of the animals kept in the pens without sprinkler system (control) showed a linear increase in function of time of day, with increasing temperature. The treatment with intermittent sprinkling of water was observed oscillatory behavior of the ST and RF, however it was always lower than the control treatment, even in times when the water sprinklers were turned off. The time required of spray to reduction and stabilization of the ST of the animals was limited to the combination of temperature and relative humidity, being estimated at 25 minutes at times of higher THI. The maximum environmental temperature during evaluation was 28.4 oC.