Efeitos da relação volumoso: concentrado e do peso ao abate sobre os componentes da perna de cordeiros Ile de France x Ideal confinados

Foram avaliados os seguintes componentes da perna dos animais: peso total e comprimento, peso total de músculos, peso dos músculos bíceps femural + semimembranoso + semitendinoso + quadríceps femural + adutor, peso total de ossos, peso do fêmur e das gorduras subcutânea, intermuscular e total, porcentagens de todos estes pesos em relação ao peso total da perna, comprimento e circunferência do fêmur e calculados a relação músculo:osso e o índice de musculosidade. Foram utilizados 20 cordeiros inteiros Ile de France x Ideal (F1) com peso vivo médio ao início do experimento de 18,2 ± 0,74 kg e idade média de 83 ± 10 dias. As relações volumoso (V):concentrado (C) utilizadas no experimento foram 50V:50C ou 30V:70C, com base na matéria seca (MS), sendo as rações isoprotéicas (18% de proteína bruta na MS) e isoenergéticas (10,92 MJ de energia metabolizável/kg MS). Os animais foram abatidos aos 30 ou 34 kg de peso vivo. Os abatidos mais pesados apresentaram perna, total de músculos, músculos bíceps femural + semimembranoso + semitendinoso + quadríceps femural + adutor, total de ossos, fêmur e gorduras subcutânea e total mais pesados, além de maior circunferência do fêmur. Os animais que receberam a ração com relação 30V:70C apresentaram menores relação músculo:osso e índice de musculosidade e maior porcentagem de gordura intermuscular em relação ao peso total da perna.

Comparison of the susceptibility of Santa Ines and Ile de France ewes to nematode parasitism around parturition and during lactation

Breeds of sheep with resistance to nematode infection often display a reduced periparturient rise (PPR) in faecal egg counts (FEC) when compared with susceptible sheep. This trial was carried out to compare the resistance of Santa Ines, an indigenous Brazilian breed of sheep, and Ile de France ewes to natural infections by gastrointestinal nematodes, especially in the periparturient period. Twelve Santa lnes and 10 Ile de France ewes were estrus synchronized and then mated (December 2001). Lambing occurred from 30 April to 19 June 2002 and the lambs were weaned at 60 days of age. Faecal egg counts, packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma protein levels and peripheral eosinophils counts were determined from November 2001 to September 2002. To prevent deaths, individual treatment with anthelmintics was provided to ewes with FEC higher than 4000 eggs per gram (EPG) or with PCV lower than 21%. The percentage of Santa Ines ewes treated with anthelmintics was lower than that of Ile de France sheep. Eight of the 10 Ile de France ewes were treated, with one of them requiring four treatments, one requiring three treatments, and two requiring two treatments. The remaining four received a single treatment. In contrast, only 5 of the 12 Santa lnes ewes required treatment and for each this was done only once. The mean values of PCV were in the normal range in the Santa Ines ewes. In contrast, mean PCVs of Ile de France ewes reached a low of 24.5% in the second month after lambing and were significantly lower than Santa Ines 1 month before lambing (P < 0.05) and 2 months after lambing (P < 0.07). The mean plasma protein level was significantly lower in the Ile de France ewes in the second month after lambing (P < 0.01) coinciding with a reduction in PCV. The ewes of both breeds had high mean numbers of eosinophils in blood, which increased even further post-weaning when a marked reduction in FEC occurred. Haemonchus larvae were the most numerous genus in faecal cultures for both breeds followed by Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum and Cooperia. A periparturient rise in FEC was observed in both breeds. However, Santa Ines ewes showed a higher capacity to support the infection in an environment contaminated with large number of infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of dietary protein supply on resistance to experimental infections with Haemonchus contortus in Ile de France and Santa Ines lambs

The effect of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep fed with a moderate and high protein content diet was evaluated in two breeds of sheep. Forty-eight Ile de France and Santa Ines lambs were maintained indoors since birth, in worm-free conditions. The lambs were allocated after weaning in four groups of six animals per breed, which were either infected or remain uninfected and given access to either a moderately or highly metabolizable protein diet. The moderately and highly metabolizable protein diets were calculated to supply 75 and 129 g metabolizable protein per kg of dry matter (MP/kg DM), respectively. The infection consisted of a trickle infection with 300 infective larvae, three times a week, for 12 weeks. Significant differences were observed for mast cell, globule leukocyte and eosinophil counts in the abomasal mucosa of the infected groups compared to the control of both breeds (P < 0.05), regardless of the diet supplied. Significantly higher IgA anti-L5 antibody was detected in the infected Santa Ines groups than in the infected Ile de France groups (P < 0.05). Increased metabolizable protein supply resulted in larger body weight gain and higher packed cell volumes for both breeds (P < 0.05). Both breeds showed an increased ability to withstand the pathophysiological effects of H. contortus infection when given access to the highly metabolizable protein diet. However, increased metabolizable protein supply resulted in reduced worm burdens in Santa Ines lambs but not in the Ile de France lambs (P < 0.05). The present results show that the increase in protein content in growing lamb diets may benefit resistance and resilience to gastrointestinal parasites but that these benefits may vary among breeds. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Resistance of Santa Ines, Suffolk and Ile de France sheep to naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infections

A study was conducted to assess the breed resistance against nematode infections in Santa Ines, Ile de France and Suffolk male lambs over a 9-month period in São Paulo state, Brazil. Lambs were born during the winter (year 2000) and were weaned at 2 months of age. The animals were then housed and treated with anthelmintics to eliminate natural infections by gastrointestinal nematodes. In late October 2000, lambs were placed in a paddock, where they stayed until August of the following year. Fecal and blood samples were taken from each animal every 2 weeks. on the same day, a pasture sample was collected to determine the number of infective larvae on the herbage. To prevent deaths, individual treatment with anthelmintics was provided to lambs with fecal egg counts (FEC) higher than 4000 eggs per gram (EPG) or with a packed cell volume (PCV) lower than 21%. In August 2001, all animals were slaughtered and the worms present in samples of the gastrointestinal contents were identified and counted. Most of the Suffolk and Ile de France sheep received three to six anthelmintic treatments over a period of 7 months, while most of the Santa Ines were not treated. Reductions in PCV and plasma protein values associated with high FEC and worm burdens were recorded, particularly, in Suffolk and Ile de France lambs. Haemonchus contortus and Oesophagostomum columbianum burdens and number of nodular lesions caused in the large intestine by O. columbianum larvae were significantly lower in Santa Ines sheep. All three breeds showed similar Trichostrongylus colubriformis worm burdens. The relative resistance of Santa Ines young male sheep was superior to that of Suffolk and Ile de France sheep. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of protein supplementation during late pregnancy and lactation on the resistance of Santa Ines and Ile de France ewes to Haemonchus contortus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pesos, rendimentos e perdas da carcaça de cordeiros Corriedale e mestiços Ile de France x Corriedale, terminados em confinamento

O experimento teve por objetivo comparar os cordeiros da raça Corriedale com mestiços (F1) Ile de France x Corriedale, quanto às variáveis: peso da carcaça, porcentagem de quebra ao resfriamento e rendimentos de carcaça. Trabalhou-se com 18 cordeiros de cada genótipo, desmamados aos 60 dias de idade, com 10 a 12kg de peso vivo e terminados em regime de confinamento total, onde dispunham à vontade de uma ração com 15% PB e 70% NDT. Foram abatidos com peso vivo entre 30 e 32kg. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos genéticos para as variáveis estudadas, embora estas estejam dentro das requisições do mercado regional atual. Observou-se valor médio de 4% de perda no peso de sacrifício, em relação ao peso de origem. O peso elevado de alguns componentes não constituintes da carcaça (cabeça, pele, sangue e fígado) representou 20,9% do peso vivo médio ao sacrifício e afetou negativamente o rendimento da carcaça. Os resultados obtidos não invalidam por si só, a utilização deste cruzamento em circunstâncias semelhantes, tendo em vista que outras variáveis envolvidas com a eficiência global do sistema de produção não foram estudadas e mostram que, a pesos vivos semelhantes, não existe diferença de genótipo sobre as perdas por transporte e resfriamento, e sobre rendimento de carcaça.

Estudo dos cortes da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês puros e cruzas Santa Inês com Texel, Ile de France e Bergamácia

Foram utilizados 103 cordeiros, machos e fêmeas, Santa Inês puros (SS) e cruzas Santa Inês com Texel (TS), Ile de France (FS) e Bergamácia (BS), confinados em gaiolas individuais. Os cordeiros foram abatidos em quatro pesos: 15,0; 25,0; 35,0 e 45,0 kg de peso vivo. Após o abate e resfriamento da carcaça, foram feitos os seguintes cortes e calculadas as porcentagens em relação ao peso da carcaça fria: pescoço (PP), costela/fralda (PCF), costeleta (PC), lombo (PL), paleta (PPA) e perna (PPE), sendo esses dois últimos sem os braços. Os pescoços praticamente não variaram com o aumento dos pesos de abate. Os pescoços dos cordeiros TS e FS foram menores, comparados aos dos cordeiros SS e BS, na maioria dos pesos de abate estudados. A paleta também não variou com o aumento dos pesos de abate, havendo tendência para diminuição. Aos 45 kg, os cordeiros TS e FS apresentaram PPA maiores em relação aos cordeiros SS e BS. Nos outros pesos de abate, praticamente não houve diferenças para PPA entre os grupos genéticos. A costela/fralda elevou-se com o aumento dos pesos de abate, sendo que, em pesos de abate elevados, os cordeiros TS mostraram maiores proporções. Para a PC, praticamente não houve diferenças entre os pesos de abate. As fêmeas FS, entretanto, aos 35 e 45 kg, apresentaram menores PCF que os machos FS. O lombo tendeu a elevar-se com o aumento dos pesos de abate, mas foram detectadas diferenças para os animais abatidos aos 15 kg, em relação aos outros pesos de abate. Entre os grupos genéticos, praticamente não houve diferenças para PL. As pernas diminuíram com o aumento dos pesos de abate. Aos 35 kg de peso vivo, os cordeiros machos TS e as fêmeas FS obtiveram melhores PPE em relação aos outros grupos genéticos.

Desempenho de cordeiros Santa Inês puros e cruzas Santa Inês com Texel, Ile de France e Bergamácia

O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do sexo dos animais, do grupo genético e do peso de abate no desempenho de animais confinados. Foram utilizados 103 cordeiros, machos e fêmeas, Santa Inês puros (SS) e cruzas Santa Inês com Texel (TS), Ile de France (FS) e Bergamácia (BS), confinados em gaiolas individuais. Mediram-se a dieta fornecida e as sobras diárias, para cálculo do consumo de matéria seca (MS), energia metabolizável (EM), proteína digestível (PD) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). Os cordeiros foram abatidos em quatro pesos: 15, 25, 35 e 45 kg de peso vivo. Avaliaram-se o ganho de peso diário (GPD), o número de dias no confinamento (ND), a conversão alimentar (CA) e o consumo de MS, PD, em e FDN, nas três fases de crescimento: 15 a 25 kg (1), 25 a 35 kg (2) e 35 a 45 kg (3). Também foram avaliados as idades de abate (IA), o peso do corpo vazio (PCVZ) e rendimento de carcaça (RC). Aos 35 e 45 kg, os cordeiros TS e FS apresentaram IA inferiores e as cordeiras SS, IA superiores. O ND dos cordeiros BS de 35 a 45 kg foi maior que dos TS. Aos 35 e 45 kg, o PCVZ dos cordeiros TS e FS foram menores. Os melhores GPD foram dos cordeiros TS, seguidos do FS e SS. Os consumos de MS, PD, em e FDN foram semelhantes entre os grupos genéticos, nas fases 1 e 2 de crescimento. Verificou-se que os cordeiros TS tenderam a aumentar o consumo, com o incremento de peso, enquanto os outros grupos tenderam a diminuir. A CA elevou-se com o aumento de peso, com exceção dos machos FS. Os machos não apresentaram diferenças na CA entre os grupos genéticos, entretanto, as fêmeas TS e FS apresentaram valores melhores. Aos 35 e 45 kg, as fêmeas apresentaram maiores RC que os machos. Aos 35 kg, os melhores RC foram dos machos TS.

Resistance of Santa Inês and Ile de France suckling lambs to gastrointestinal nematode infections.

A trial was carried out to determine the resistance to natural infection by gastrointestinal nematodes in 12 Santa Inês and nine Ile de France lambs before weaning. Faecal samples were obtained for faecal nematode egg counts (FEC). Blood samples were collected to determine packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma protein levels and peripheral eosinophil counts. Most Ile de France lambs (77.8%) were treated with an anthelmintic at 43 days of age, while 50% off Santa Inês lambs were treated at weaning, 57 days of age. The mean PCV values were normal in Santa Inês lambs, while in Ile de France lambs showed lower values reaching 22.3% at 43 days of age. The lowest mean plasma protein values were observed in Ile de France lambs (4.13 g/dl) at 43 days of age and in Santa Inês lambs (5.0 g/dl) at 57 days of age. Before weaning, Santa Inês lambs were susceptible to natural infections by gastrointestinal nematodes but with a greater capacity to stand the adverse effects of parasitism compared to Ile de France lambs.

Frequency of estrus in santa inês, texel and ile de france ewes in the northwest of Paraná state, Brazil

The incidence of estrus in nulliparous Santa Inês (n = 16), Texel (n = 16) and Ile de France (n = 15) ewes fed two levels of crude protein (CP, 12 or 16%) was monitored from July 2005 to December 2006, and seasonality in the Santa Inês breed in the south of Brazil was characterized. The solar radiation data were recorded daily, and samples of blood were collected biweekly for determination of the plasma concentration of progesterone in Santa Inês lambs at, on average, 11±1 months of age. The female Santa Inês lambs, in the experimental period, stayed among teaser rams with a powdered-dye-ink mixture placed on their chest to mark the females that accepted to be mounted. Santa Inês ewes did not manifest estrus in the firstfortnightofNovemberandinDecember2005,norinthelastfortnightofDecember2006.Estrusactivitywasnotobservedon any of the three breeds in October 2006. Breeds differed at the level of 12% CP. Santa Inês and Ile de France females did not differ as for the probability estrus manifestation and both presented higher probabilities then Texel. When the effect of 12 or 16% CP on each breed was evaluated separately, it was verifiedthatlevelsof12or16%ofcrudeproteindidnotchangethe probability of estrus manifestation in any of the studied breeds. The concentration of plasma progesterone inSanta Inês ewes during the spring of 2005 and 2006 indicated that there is difference between 12% CP (0.68±1.32 ng/mL) and 16% CP (1.28±1.99 ng/mL) and between the years 2005 (0.39±0.78 ng/mL) and 2006 (1.47±2.08 ng/mL), demonstrating the anestrous seasonality of Santa Inês in South Brazil. © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia.

Resistência às infecções artificiais por Haemochus contortus de cordeiras Santa Inês, Ile de France e de cordeiras produtos do cruzamento entre raça Santa Ines e as raças Dorper, Ile de France, Suffolk e Textel

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação morfométrica e densitométrica dos fêmures de cordeiros Ile de France tratados com rações contendo silagem de milho ou cana-de-açúcar em dois níveis de concentrado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito da tosquia estratégica no comportamento ingestivo de ovelhas Ile de France em pastagem de capim vaquero (Cynodon dactylon cv Vaquero) durante a estação de monta

The experiment evaluated the effects of strategic shearing on feeding behavior in Ile de France ewes in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) grazing during breeding season. A total of 20 ewes, female, Ile de France breed, 4 years old, 71.10 kg of body weight, in grazing, in a completely randomized design with two treatments and ten repetitions, in which the treatments were composed by shorn and non-shorn animals. The length of the breeding season was 90 days, where the evaluations occurred in the 86th, 87th and 88th day of the experimental period. The grazing time (6.50 hours), rumination (1.59 hours) and idle (3.97 hours) have not changed (P> 0.05) by strategic shearing of the animals, as well as the frequency and the time by frequency grazing (18.33 grazing and 21.49 min/grazing), rumination (10.71 ruminations and 8.83 min/rumination) and idle (18.83 idles and 12.66 min/idle). In the same way, the number of bits per minute (26.37 bits) and the total daily bits (19.116 bits) of the animals were not affected. Thus, the strategic shearing in Ile de France ewes in Bermudagrass grazing during the breeding season does not alter animal feeding behavior.