Análise do comportamento experimental e numérico de prismas de alvenaria estrutural submetidos a ações verticais utilizando elementos finitos volumétricos

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

Catalogação, formas de representação e construções mentais

The cataloging process, is responsible for building systems consisting of sets of interconnected elements and combined forms of representation, creating tools to facilitate the flow of information in various informational environments. It presents structures that offer favorable conditions for access to formal codes of symbolic representation and to the channels of information transfer, performing with competence the decoding and encoding of codes and rules used to represent knowledge and to describe information, documents and resources. The objective of this paper is to present the challenge of transforming operational data into consistent information, the role of the forms of representation and the mental constructions for defining the memory markers of users of catalogs. It shows as results the memory markers indicated by three categories of users for the description of a book like resource and points to the need of collaborative and cooperative work in cataloging and to the need of catalog modelling focused on the user.

Energy and hydraulic efficiency in conventional water supply systems

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Artificial Immune Systems Applied to the Analysis of Structural Integrity of a Building

This paper presents the application of artificial immune systems for analysis of the structural integrity of a building. Inspired by a biological process, it uses the negative selection algorithm to perform the identification and characterization of structural failure. This paper presents the application of artificial immune systems for analysis of the structural integrity of a building. Inspired by a biological process, it uses the negative selection algorithm to perform the identification and characterization of structural failure. This methodology can assist professionals in the inspection of mechanical and civil structures, to identify and characterize flaws, in order to perform preventative maintenance to ensure the integrity of the structure and decision-making. In order to evaluate the methodology was made modeling a two-story building and several situations were simulated (base-line condition and improper conditions), yielding a database of signs, which were used as input data for the negative selection algorithm. The results obtained by the present method efficiency, robustness and accuracy.

Modeling of hydraulic and energy efficiency indicators for water supply systems

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

On saturation control of a non-ideal vibrating portal frame foundation type shear-building

In this paper, we examine the nonlinear control method based on the saturation phenomenon and of systems coupled with quadratic nonlinear ties applied to a shear-building portal plane frame foundation that supports an unbalanced direct cut-rent with limited power supply (non-ideal system). We analyze the equations of motion by using the method of averaging and numerical simulation. The interaction of the non-ideal structure with the saturation controller may lead to the occurrence of interesting phenomena during the forward passage through the several resonance states of the systems. Special attention is focused on passage through resonance when the non-ideal excitation frequency is near the portal frame natural frequency and when the non-ideal system frequency is approximately twice the controller frequency (two-to-one internal resonance).

Design and management optimization of trickle irrigation systems using non-linear programming

A non-linear model is presented which optimizes the lay-out, as well as the design and management of trickle irrigation systems, to achieve maximum net benefit. The model consists of an objective function that maximizes profit at the farm level, subject to appropriate geometric and hydraulic constraints. It can be applied to rectangular shaped fields, with uniform or zero slope. The software used is the Gams-Minos package. The basic inputs are the crop-water-production function, the cost function and cost of system components, and design variables. The main outputs are the annual net benefit and pipe diameters and lengths. To illustrate the capability of the model, a sensitivity analysis of the annual net benefit for a citrus field is evaluated with respect to irrigated area, ground slope, micro-sprinkler discharge and shape of the field. The sensitivity analysis suggests that the greatest benefit is obtained with the smallest microsprinkler discharge, the greatest area, a square field and zero ground slope. The costs of the investment and energy are the components of the objective function that had the greatest effect in the 120 situations evaluated. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited

Optimum design of microirrigation systems in sloping lands

When an area to be irrigated has a high slope gradient in the manifold line direction, an option is to use a tapered pipeline to economize on pipe costs and to keep pressure head variations within desired limits. The objective of this paper is to develop a linear optimization model to design a microirrigation system with tapered, downhill manifold lines, minimizing the equivalent annual cost of the hydraulic network and the annual pumping cost, and maximizing the emission uniformity previously established to the subunit. The input data are irrigation system layout, cost of all hydraulic network components, and electricity price. The output data are equivalent annual cost, pipeline diameter in each line of the system, pressure head in each node, and total operating pressure head. To illustrate its capability, the model is applied in a citrus orchard in Sao, Paulo State, Brazil, considering slopes of 3, 6, and 9%. The model proved to be efficient in the design of the irrigation system in terms of the emission uniformity desired.

Design of microirrigation systems in sloping lands using linear programming

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Orientation, building height and sky view factor as energy efficiency design parameters

The energy efficiency of buildings should be a goal at the pre-design phase, though the importance of the design variables is often neglected even during the design process. Highlighting the relevance of these design variables, this research studies the relationships of building location variables with the electrical energy consumption of residential units. The following building design parameters are considered: orientation, story height and sky view factor (SVF). The consideration of the SVF as a location variable contributes to the originality of this research. Data of electrical energy consumption and users' profiles were collected and several variables were considered for the development of an Artificial Neural Network model. This model allows the determination of the relative importance of each variable. The results show that the apartments' orientation is the most important design variable for the energy consumption, although the story height and the sky view factor play a fundamental role in that consumption too. We pointed out that building heights above twenty-four meters do not optimize the energy efficiency of the apartments and also that an increasing SVF can influence the energy consumption of an apartment according to their orientation.

A visual tool for building synchronous generator capability curves

Synchronous generators are essential components of electric power systems. They are present both in hydro and thermal power plants, performing the function of converting mechanical into electrical energy. This paper presents a visual approach to manipulate parameters that affect operation limits of synchronous generators, using a specifically designed software. The operating characteristics of synchronous generators, for all possible modes of operation, are revised in order to link the concepts to the graphic objects. The approach matches the distance learning tool requirements and also enriches the learning process by developing student trust and understanding of the concepts involved in building synchronous machine capability curves. © 2012 IEEE.

O relevo e o sistema de afastamento e tratamento de esgoto da cidade de Marília-SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Níquel (II) e moléculas orgânicas multidentadas como building blocks na construção de sólidos de coordenação porosos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

DESIGN OF MICROIRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN SLOPING LANDS USING LINEAR PROGRAMMING

Quando a área a ser irrigada apresenta um elevado gradiente de declive na direção das linhas de derivação, uma opção de dimensionamento é o uso de tubulações com vários diâmetros para economizar no custo e também para manter a variação de pressão dentro dos limites desejados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo de programação linear para dimensionar sistemas de irrigação por microaspersão com linhas de derivação com mais de um diâmetro e operando em declive, visando a minimização do custo anualizado da rede hidráulica e do custo anual com energia elétrica, além de assegurar que a máxima variação de carga hidráulica na linha será respeitada. Os dados de entrada são: configuração da rede hidráulica do sistema de irrigação, custo de todos os componentes da rede hidráulica e custo da energia. Os dados de saída são: custo anual total, diâmetro da tubulação em cada linha do sistema, carga hidráulica em cada ponto de derivação e altura manométrica total. Para ilustrar a potencialidade do modelo desenvolvido, ele foi aplicado em um pomar de citros no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O modelo demonstrou ser eficiente no dimensionamento do sistema de irrigação quanto à obtenção da uniformidade de emissão desejada. O custo anual com bombeamento deve ser considerado no dimensionamento de sistemas de irrigação por microaspersão porque ele gera menores valores de custo anual total quando comparado com a mesma alternativa que não considera aquele custo.

Physical quality of an Oxisol after different periods of management systems

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)