Hunting and use of terrestrial fauna used by Caicaras from the Atlantic Forest coast (Brazil)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Neospora caninum infection in birds: experimental infections in chicken and embryonated eggs

Neospora caninum causes economical impact in cattle-raising farms since it is implicated as the major cause of bovine abortions. Although infection by the parasite has been widely described in mammals, the role of birds in its life-cycle is still obscure. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the infection by N. caninum in different chicken models. Experimental infections were conducted in 7-day-old chicks, laying hens and embryonated eggs, where samples were analysed for parasite burden, IgG antibodies and lesions promoted. Chickens demonstrated an asymptomatic infection, although with seroconversion and systemic replication of the parasite. In laying hens, no signs of vertical transmission were observed. However, embryonated eggs inoculated by the allantoic cavity route demonstrated susceptibility to infection, with mortality rates around 50% independent of the inoculum dose. Additionally, dogs became infected after ingestion of different amounts of inoculated eggs, producing either oocysts or specific IgG antibodies. The results herein presented demonstrate that chickens may be intermediate hosts of N. caninum and that embryonated eggs could be a useful model to study the parasite's biology.

Salmonella spp investigation in transport boxes of day-old birds

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Prevention of Salmonella infection by contact using intestinal flora of adult birds and/or a mixture of organic acids

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pigeons (Columba livia) are a suitable experimental model for Neospora caninum infection in birds

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Control of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Gallinarum in birds by using live vaccine candidate containing attenuated Salmonella Gallinarum mutant strain

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Migratory and Carnivorous Birds in Brazil: Reservoirs for Anaplasma and Ehrlichia Species?

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Survey for natural Neospora caninum infection in wild and captive birds

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of supplementation of diets for quails with vitamins A, D and E on performance of the birds and quality and enrichment of eggs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diurnal variation in transect counts of birds in a cerrado landscape in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

The general statement that birds are recorded more often on morning than on afternoon counts is quite common and widespread among ornithologists. Although many investigators have reported temporal variations in bird detections using Point Counts in temperate regions, few researches regarding the same objectives have been conducted in Neotropical habitats or used transect counts as field method. We used transect counts to test the hypothesis that birds are evenly recorded between times of day in a predominantly open Cerrado landscape in southeastern Brazil. Although not always significantly, the number of species and individuals were consistently greater during the morning counts, which corroborates the fact that birds can be more detectable during this time of day. However, a few families as well as a small percentage of species were more likely to be recorded during either one of the two periods we analyzed. Our results suggest that morning counts should detect higher number of both species and individuals in our study area, but specific taxa show distinct patterns of detection which should be acknowledged prior to sampling.

Intestinal protozoan parasites with zoonotic potential in birds

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of potentially zoonotic intestinal protozoan infections in exotic and wildlife Brazilian birds. Fecal samples from 207 birds of 45 species were examined. Infections by Balantidium sp., Entamoeba sp., and Blastocystis sp. were observed in 17 individuals (8.2%) of Gnorimopsar chopi, Oryzoborus angolensis, Sporophila caerulescens, Ramphastos toco, Aratinga leucophtalmus, and Pavo cristatus.

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. from fecal samples of birds kept in captivity in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Unsuccessful attacks dominate a drone-preying wasp's hunting performance near stingless bee nests

Bee males (drones) of stingless bees tend to congregate near entrances of conspecific nests, where they wait for virgin queens that initiate their nuptial flight. We observed that the Neotropical solitary wasp Trachypus boharti (Hymenoptera, Cabronidae) specifically preys on males of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona postica (Hymenoptera, Apidae); these wasps captured up to 50 males per day near the entrance of a single hive. Over 90% of the wasp attacks were unsuccessful; such erroneous attacks often involved conspecific wasps and worker bees. After the capture of non-male prey, wasps almost immediately released these individuals unharmed and continued hunting. A simple behavioral experiment showed that at short distances wasps were not specifically attracted to S. postica males nor were they repelled by workers of the same species. Likely, short-range prey detection near the bees' nest is achieved mainly by vision whereas close-range prey recognition is based principally on chemical and/or mechanical cues. We argue that the dependence on the wasp's visual perception during attack and the crowded and dynamic hunting conditions caused wasps to make many preying attempts that failed. Two wasp-density-related factors, wasp-prey distance and wasp-wasp encounters, may account for the fact that the highest male capture and unsuccessful wasp bee encounter rates occurred at intermediate wasp numbers.