Evaluation of Rice Bran Extract as a Nitrogen Source for Improved Hemicellulosic Ethanol Production from Sugarcane Bagasse by New Xylose-Fermenting Yeast Strains Isolated from Brazilian Forests

Xylose is the main sugar in hemicellulosic hydrolysates and its fermentation into ethanol by microorganisms is influenced by nutritional factors, such as nitrogen source, vitamins and other elements. Rice bran extract (RBE) is an inexpensive nitrogen source primarily consisting of high amount of protein. This study evaluates the potential of RBE as a nitrogen source for the hemicellulosic ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse dilute acid hydrolysate by novel yeast strains Scheffersomyces shehatae (syn. Candida shehatae) CG8-8BY and Spathaspora arborariae UFMG-HM19.1A, isolated from Brazilian forests. Two different media formulations were used for inoculum preparation and production medium, using yeast extract and RBE as nitrogen sources. S. shehatae CG8-8BY showed ethanol production of 17.0 g/l with the ethanol yield (0.33 g/g) and fermentation efficiency (64 %) from medium supplemented with RBE. On the other hand, S. arborariae presented 5.4 g/l of ethanol production with ethanol yield (0.14 g/g) and fermentation efficiency (21 %) in a fermentation medium supplemented with RBE. Appropriate media formulation is an important parameter to increase the productivity of bioconversion process and RBE proved to be an efficient and inexpensive nitrogen source to supplement sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate for second generation ethanol production. © 2013 Society for Sugar Research & Promotion.

Desempenho de leveduras que metabolizam xilose para produção de etanol em hidrolisado hemicelulósico de bagaço de cana

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Multi-scale structural and chemical analysis of sugarcane bagasse in the process of sequential acid-base pretreatment and ethanol production by Scheffersomyces shehatae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Optimization of acid hydrolysis from the hemicellulosic fraction of Eucalyptus grandis residue using response surface methodology

Biotechnological conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals requires hydrolysis of the polysaccharide fraction into monomeric sugars. Hydrolysis can be performed enzymatically and with dilute or concentrate mineral acids. The present study used dilute sulfuric acid as a catalyst for hydrolysis of Eucalyptus grandis residue. The purpose of this paper was to optimize the hydrolysis process in a 1.41 pilot-scale reactor and investigate the effects of the acid concentration, temperature and residue/acid solution ratio on the hemicellulose removal and consequently on the production of sugars (xylose, glucose and arabinose) as well as on the formation of by-products (furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and acetic acid). This study was based on a model composition corresponding to a 2 3 orthogonal factorial design and employed the response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the hydrolysis conditions, aiming to attain maximum xylose extraction from hemicellulose of residue. The considered optimum conditions were: H2SO4 concentration of 0.65%, temperature of 157 degrees C and residue/acid solution ratio of 1/8.6 with a reaction time of 20 min. Under these conditions, 79.6% of the total xylose was removed and the hydrolysate contained 1.65 g/l glucose, 13.65 g/l xylose, 1.55 g/l arabinose, 3.10 g/l acetic acid, 1.23 g/l furfural and 0.20 g/l 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Utilization of fish protein hydrolysate in prepared diets for pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, larvae

Growth and survival rates of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, larvae fed prepared diets containing different animal protein sources were evaluated. Four diets with the same level of crude protein (CP) (36%) and calories (4.02 kcal gross energy/g of diet) were fed to the larvae. Diets were formulated to contain one of four protein sources: (1) fish meal (FM), (2) tilapia residue silage (TS), (3) protein hydrolysate from tilapia residue (HT), and (4) eviscerated tilapia residue (HET). Larvae were fed Artemia nauplii for six days, prior to the start of the study, and the prepared diet was supplied from day 7 until the study concluded. Variance analysis showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) for survival rates and larval final lengths among treatments. However, final average weights were significantly different (P < 0.05 for larvae fed FM and HT. Average survival rates were relatively high and ranged from 68.1% to 73.9%. After the live food was replaced by prepared diets, no larval growth was observed for any treatment. Fish protein hydrolysate (HT and HET) and fish silage showed potential to be used as ingredients in the diet of pacu larvae. However, hydrolysate inclusion levels, processing methods to minimize nutrient lixiviation, and the best moment to replace live food with an inert diet (weaning) need further investigation. © 2003 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ethanol production using hemicellulosic hydrolyzate and sugarcane juice with yeasts that converte pentoses and hexoses

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Extração e pré-tratamento químico de frutanos de Yacon, Polymnia sonchifolia

O processo de desintegração de tubérculos de yacon promove a incorporação de oxigênio que favorece a oxidação de compostos fenólicos e decorrente contaminação do extrato aquoso com cores e odores objetáveis que prejudicam a sua utilização. Este estudo buscou verificar uma metodologia simplificada de extração dos carboidratos presentes nos tubérculos de yacon e efetuar uma primeira remoção de resíduos e compostos originários das cores e odores indesejáveis, utilizando processos de coagulação e precipitação, aplicando tecnologias de baixo custo. Após a etapa de trituração e remoção dos restos celulares, o extrato teve seu pH aumentado para 9,5 e a temperatura para 90ºC, seguido de sedimentação. A remoção deste precipitado foi realizada por filtração em papel após a coagulação com diferentes concentrações de sulfato de alumínio comercial. Verificou-se que a melhor concentração de coagulante no extrato foi de 100ppm, removendo 90,6% dos compostos coloridos. O balanço de massa mostrou uma recuperação de 47,5% dos sólidos totais sendo que 35,6% estão na forma de carboidratos, verificado através da concentrção de carbono orgânico. O processo de pré-tratamento químico causou hidrólise nos oligofrutanos, detectado por um aumento na concentração de açúcares redutores totais, diretamente proporcional à concentração de sulfato de alumínio utilizado no tratamento de coagulação. Análises cromatográficas indicaram o perfil dos açúcares no hidrolisado e a extensão desta hidrólise que foi considerada pequena. A metodologia aplicada mostrou-se fácil, de baixo custo, eficiente e aplicável em agroindústrias nas zonas produtoras desta espécie de raiz tropical.

Screening and Production Study of Microbial Xylanase Producers from Brazilian Cerrado

Hemicelluloses are polysaccharides of low molecular weight containing 100 to 200 glycosidic residues. In plants, the xylans or the hemicelluloses are situated between the lignin and the collection of cellulose fibers underneath. The xylan is the most common hemicellulosic polysaccharide in cell walls of land plants, comprising a backbone of xylose residues linked by beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds. So, xylanolytic enzymes from microorganism have attracted a great deal of attention in the last decade, particularly because of their biotechnological characteristics in various industrial processes, related to food, feed, ethanol, pulp, and paper industries. A microbial screening of xylanase producer was carried out in Brazilian Cerrado area in Selviria city, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. About 50 bacterial strains and 15 fungal strains were isolated from soil sample at 35 A degrees C. Between these isolated microorganisms, a bacterium Lysinibacillus sp. and a fungus Neosartorya spinosa as good xylanase producers were identified. Based on identification processes, Lysinibacillus sp. is a new species and the xylanase production by this bacterial genus was not reported yet. Similarly, it has not reported about xylanase production from N. spinosa. The bacterial strain P5B1 identified as Lysinibacillus sp. was cultivated on submerged fermentation using as substrate xylan, wheat bran, corn straw, corncob, and sugar cane bagasse. Corn straw and wheat bran show a good xylanase activity after 72 h of fermentation. A fungus identified as N. spinosa (strain P2D16) was cultivated on solid-state fermentation using as substrate source wheat bran, wheat bran plus sawdust, corn straw, corncob, cassava bran, and sugar cane bagasse. Wheat bran and corncobs show the better xylanase production after 72 h of fermentation. Both crude xylanases were characterized and a bacterial xylanase shows optimum pH for enzyme activity at 6.0, whereas a fungal xylanase has optimum pH at 5.0-5.5. They were stable in the pH range 5.0-10.0 and 5.5-8.5 for bacterial and fungal xylanase, respectively. The optimum temperatures were 55C and 60 A degrees C for bacterial and fungal xylanase, respectively, and they were thermally stable up to 50 A degrees C.

Efeitos de parâmetros de fermentação na produção de etanol a partir de resíduo líquido da industrialização da mandioca (manipueira)

Effect of fermentation parameters on ethanol production from cassava liquid residue (manipueira). "Manipueira", a liquid residue from the processing of cassava starch and flour, has recognized high pollution potential. Aiming at a possible use of "manipueira" as raw material for ethanol production, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the percentage of inoculated yeast and fermentation temperature on the chromatographic profile of the components of wine of "manipueira". The residue was characterized for starch and sugar content, as well as pH and total acidity. The residue was hydrolyzed by the action of enzymes Termamyl 120 L and AMG 300 L. The hydrolysate obtained was fermented under different experimental conditions. A factorial central composite design (2(2)) with two independent variables and the response surface methodology were used to evaluate the results. The results showed a significant effect of variable parameters on the components of wine. The conditions of low fermentation temperature and lower percentages of inoculated yeast were the most appropriate to obtain ethanol from "manipueira".

Xylanase production by Aspergillus versicolor

The xylanolytic system of Aspergillus versicolor is controlled by induction and carbon catabolite repression. Carboxymethylcellulose and wheat bran were the best inducers of xylanolytic activity. When the fungus was grown for 5 days on VOGEL's liquid medium with wheat bran, the optimal pH and temperature for xylanase production were 6.5 and 30 degrees C, respectively. Optimal conditions for the xylanolytic activity assay were at pH 6.0 and 55 degrees C. The half-life at 60 degrees C of the crude enzyme was 6.5 and 21 minutes, in the absence or presence of substrate, respectively.Xylan is the main hemicellulosic component of plant biomass being present in appreciable quantities in agricultural and several agroindustrial wastes. From the products of xylan enzymatic hydrolysis it is possible to obtain cell protein, fuels and other chemicals. Xylanases combined with cellulase could have applications in food processing. Cellulase-free xylanases can be also utilized for preparation of cellulose pulps and liberation of textile fibres (WOODWARD 1984; BIELY 1985, WONG et al. 1988). In view of the potential applications of xylanases, a study of these enzymes from various sources and their multiplicity is desirable.Among xylanolytic microorganisms, filamentous fungi have been more extensively studied and the genus Aspergillus has been shown to be an efficient producer of xylanases. Preliminary observations from our laboratory have demonstrated that a strain of Aspergillus versicolor, isolated from Brazilian soil, produced high xylanase and low cellulase levels, which is an interesting characteristic for some industrial applications. In this report we describe the production and some properties of xylanase obtained from this fungus.

Production and characteristics comparison of crude beta-glucosidases produced by microorganisms Thermoascus aurantiacus e Aureobasidium pullulans in agricultural wastes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Use of sugarcane bagasse and grass hydrolysates as carbon sources for xylanase production by Bacillus circulans D1 in submerged fermentation

The use of sugarcane bagasse and grass as low cost raw material for xylanase production by Bacillus circulans D1 in submerged fermentation was investigated. The microorganism was cultivated in a mineral medium containing hydrolysate of bagasse or grass as carbon source. High production of enzyme was obtained during growth in media with bagasse hydrolysates (8.4 U/mL) and in media with grass hydrolysates (7.5 U/mL). Xylanase production in media with hydrolysates was very close to that obtained in xylan containing media (7.0 U/ mL) and this fact confirm the feasibility of using this agro-industrial byproducts by B. circulans D1 as an alternative to save costs on the enzyme production process. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Avaliação da farinha de mandioca e do fubá de milho como substratos para a obtenção de bebida fermento-destilada

A farinha de mandioca e o fubá de milho foram avaliados como matérias-primas alternativas na obtenção de uma bebida fermento-destilada, visando gerar informações úteis à aplicação industrial. Os substratos foram caracterizados e comparou-se a eficiência da mosturação, o perfil de açúcares no mosto, bem como as curvas de fermentação dos substratos. Os resultados demonstraram que o conteúdo de amido foi de 78,1 % para o fubá de milho e 92,7 % para a farinha de mandioca. Quanto ao rendimento da mosturação foi de 57, 4 % para o milho e 66,4 % para a mandioca, sendo que o perfil de açúcares no mosto demonstrou que 95 % dos açúcares presentes no mosto de mandioca foi glicose e o restante pequenas porcentagens de dextrinas e maltose. Já o perfil do mosto de milho apresentou cerca de 85 % de glicose , 10 % de dextrinas e cerca de 4 % de maltose. Para o processo fermentativo, observou -se que o consumo de açúcares no mosto de mandioca foi mais rápido que no mosto de milho.

Produção de etanol a partir de mosto hidrolisado hemicelulósico de ponta e palha de cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Isolamento de leveduras fermentadoras de pentoses e suas aplicações na produção de xilitol e etanol a partir do licor negro proveniente do processo Kraft de extração da celulose

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)