Validity of hand-to-foot measurement of bioimpedance: Standing compared with lying position

Objective: To assess the reliability of the standing measurement of hand-to-foot bioimpedance compared with measurements made in the lying position.Research Methods and Procedures: In 205 volunteers 6 to 89 years of age, 111 males and 94 females from six ethnic groups, effects of posture, time, and age on hand-to-foot resistance were studied over a range of body size. The effect of time in a position on resistance was also recorded in a small subset (n = 10), and repeat measurements over 3 days at the same time of the day were recorded in another subset (n = 12).Results: Lying impedance was consistently higher than standing, with the relationship (resistance lying/resistance standing) for the children (5 to 14 years) being 1.031, progressing to a ratio of 1.016 in those >60 years. The time spent static in either position did change resistance measurements - a decrease of up to 9 Omega (mean 5 Omega, 1.0%) over 10 minutes of standing and an increase of up to 7 Omega (mean 3 Omega, 0.7%) with lying.Discussion: In the field, measurements of hand-to-foot bioimpedance can be made in the standing position, and, with appropriate adjustment, previously validated recumbent equations can be used. Given that errors in the measurement of height and weight also affect the reliability of the derivation of body fat from bioelectrical conductance, the errors that may arise from a more practical standing measurement rather than lying are minimal.

the human hand. I. Movements of the index ANALYSE ELECTROMYOGRAPHIQUE DU PREMIER MUSCLE INTEROSSEUX DORSAL DE LA MAIN HUMAINE

An electromyographic study of the musculus interosseus dorsalis was performed on the right hand of 25 young adult male right-handed volunteers. The electrodes, simple coaxial needles, were implanted one at the ulnar head and the other at the radial head of the muscle. The muscles were analyzed during free movements of the index and against resistance. The same movements were done in four different positions of the fore-arm and hand, without variation in the results for each one of the movements. There was no significant difference between the activities of the ulnar head and radial head. During freely performed movements, muscle activity was recorded only during abduction. During movements against resistance, muscle activity was completely nil only during adduction; during the remaining movements, however, moderate (2+), strong (3+) and very strong activity (4+) was recorded.

Hand injuries in a human caused by a South American porcupine (ourico-cacheiro)

Human injuries caused by South American porcupines (in Portuguese, ourico-cacheiro) are rare. This study reports severe hand injuries provoked by the body spines of the animal in a human and discusses the circumstances involved in the accident, with emphasis on environmental factors.

Efeitos da informação comportamental na dinâmica intrínseca do controle postural

Esse estudo teve como objetivo examinar possíveis alterações na dinâmica intrínseca de crianças e adultos decorrentes de informações externas na realização de uma tarefa de manutenção da postura ereta. Participaram do estudo dez crianças de 8 anos de idade e dez adultos jovens de ambos os gêneros. Eles permaneceram na posição ereta dentro de uma sala móvel que foi movimentada continuamente para frente e para trás. Os participantes recebiam informação sobre o movimento da sala e eram solicitados a não oscilar ou a oscilar junto com o movimento da mesma. Os resultados mostraram que a manipulação da informação visual induziu oscilação corporal correspondente (dinâmica intrínseca) em crianças e adultos. Informação sobre o movimento da sala e solicitação de uma ação (informação comportamental) alteraram o relacionamento entre informação visual e oscilação corporal. Crianças apresentaram mais dificuldades em alterar a dinâmica intrínseca do que adultos, indicando que elas são mais dependentes da dinâmica intrínseca do que adultos. Esses resultados trazem implicações importantes para a situação de ensino-aprendizagem, pois indica que aprendizagem envolvendo crianças deve ser estruturada propiciando condições mais favoráveis para alterações na dinâmica intrínseca para que os objetivos da mesma sejam alcançados.

Haptic Stabilization of Posture in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities Using a Nonrigid Tool

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Short-Term Effects of the Use of Non-Rigid Tools for Postural Control by Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Attending to the non-preferred hand improves bimanual coordination in children

The effect of attentional focus in bimanual coordination was investigated from a developmental perspective by examining performance of right- and left-handed children, 5-8-years and 9-12-years old, on bimanual reciprocal tapping tasks. Attentional focus was either specified, by asking the children to attend to the preferred or to the non-preferred hand, or unspecified for the execution of the tasks. When attention was oriented to the non-preferred hand we found a reduced movement time and a lower frequency of errors. Performance differences for handedness and age-groups were observed when the children were oriented to attend to the preferred hand or when there was no instruction regarding attention. These differences in performance were eliminated when attention was oriented to the non-preferred hand. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In situ degradability of hand harvested or extrusa samples of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum, Jacq.)

In order to compare the in situ degradability of tanzania grass samples obtained as by extrusa or hand plucked, three ruminal fistulated cows were used in a completely randomized block design with split-plot scheme. Five grams of extrusa or hand harvested grasses were placed in nylon bags rumen incubated during 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 120 hours. The degradability of DM, CP, NDF and ADF were, in this sequence, 62.59, 80.88, 50.73 and 46.65%, for hand-harvested grass; and 79.53, 90.97, 71.21 and 65.68%, for extrusa. In situ degradability data of hand harvested samples were not reliable.

The use of somatosensory information during the acquisition of independent upright stance

This study investigated developmental changes in the use of a contact surface during the acquisition of upright posture. Standing infants were longitudinally examined at four developmental epochs: pulling to stand (PS); standing alone (SA); walking onset (WO); and 1.5 months post-walking (PW). The results revealed that as standing experience increased the force applied to the contact surface by the hand and the body sway decreased. Applied force and body sway were consistently related in the anterior-posterior direction (r approximate to 0.65). Temporally, body sway led applied force (approximate to 45 ms) at the PS, SA, and WO developmental periods. However, at PW, the temporal relationship reversed and applied force led body sway (approximate to 140 ms). These results indicate that initially infants use surface contact for mechanical purposes but later for orientation information that affords prospective control of posture.

Electromyographic study in Erector spinae, Rectus abdominis, Glutaeous maximus and Rectus femuris muscles, in standing and static posture with load on hands

Observe the loads associates application with in position of body, in the static or dynamic postures. Methods: the electromyographic study in erector spinae, rectus abdominis, glutaeous maximus and rectus femoris muscles was accomplished in female volunteers from 18 have 27 years old, previously selected. The muscles electric activities was gotten with surface electrodes, in standing and static posture, with the parallels and horizontal upper limbs with load on their hands. Conclusion: In this study it was clearly observed influence of the load and distance there is over studied musculature associated with standing erect posture.

Effect of posture-control insoles on function in children with cerebral palsy: Randomized controlled clinical trial

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hand, foot, and mouth disease: A case report

Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a viral infection related to coxsackieviruses A5, A6, A9, and A10, coxsackieviruses B2 and B5, and echovirus 11. It generally affects children, but this article presents a clinical case of a young woman with hand, foot, and mouth disease. Patients with this disease have oral and skin lesions that may be confused with other diseases. The differential diagnosis is very important because both dental and medical professionals may misdiagnose the disease and sometimes prescribe an inappropriate medication.

Electromyographic validation of the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles in the rowing and frontal-lateral cross, dumbbells exercises

The trapezius and serratus anterior muscles were studied in four modalities of rowing exercises executed with two grips, middle and closed, in comparison with the four different modalities of frontal-lateral cross, dumbbells exercise. It was used 24 male volunteers, 18 to 25 years old using a 2-channel TECA TE 4 electromyograph and Hewlett Packard surface electrodes. The results showed that TS acted in a higher significant way in all the modalities of rowing than in the supine lateral raise, inclined supine lateral raise and reverse supine lateral raise, dumbbells exercises, and demonstrated no standing frontal-lateral cross, dumbbells. The SI acted more significantly difference among all the execution modalities of rowing and the inclined supine lateral raise, dumbbells exercises than in all the rowing exercises; even though the activity levels do not make us suggest them as an excellent group of exercises for the development of this muscle.