Saúde materno-infantil e nutrição de crianças Kaiowá e Guaraní, Área Indígena de Caarapó, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

Este trabalho teve como proposta estudar o estado nutricional de crianças indígenas e conhecer condições de saúde materno-infantil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com uma amostra de 137 crianças de zero a 59 meses de idade, das comunidades Kaiowá e Guaraní, Área Indígena de Caarapó, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas com a aplicação de um questionário sobre as condições de saúde materno-infantil. A avaliação nutricional foi obtida por meio de medidas antropométricas (peso e estatura). Verificou-se que 19,7% das mães não realizaram o pré-natal e 53,3% tiveram parto domiciliar. A ocorrência de desnutrição para o índice peso/idade foi de 18,2% e para o índice altura/idade foi de 34,1%. A proporção de crianças desnutridas quando separadas por sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade materna não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante para ambos os índices. Este estudo evidenciou elevada ocorrência de desnutrição infantil e uma preocupante situação de saúde materno-infantil.

Qualidade físcio-química e microbiológica de refrigerantes sabor guaraná em embalagens PET-2000mL e ocorrência de leveduras

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE

Comportamento de atributos físicos de um Latossolo Amarelo sob agroecossistemas do Amazonas

O desmatamento da floresta tropical da Amazônia e a utilização do solo para fins agrícolas potencializam sua degradação física, química e biológica, quando realizados de forma inadequada. Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de sistemas de uso e manejo de um Latossolo Amarelo, muito argiloso, mediante avaliações de atributos físicos determinados nas profundidades de 0,0-0,2 e 0,2-0,4 m, em área da Universidade do Amazonas, Manaus (AM). Os sistemas de uso e manejo foram: milho, laranja, pupunha, guaraná, pastagem, capoeira e floresta. Nos sistemas com milho, laranja, pupunha e pastagem, foram realizados o desmatamento, a queima e as operações de preparo e cultivo mecanizados. Foram avaliados a composição granulométrica, o grau de floculação da argila, o teor de matéria orgânica, a densidade de partículas, a densidade do solo, a porosidade total, a macro e microporosidade, e a infiltrações inicial e básica. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Os agroecossistemas, em ordem crescente: capoeira, guaraná, milho, laranja, pupunha e pastagem induziram uma degradação dos atributos físicos do solo cultivado em relação ao de floresta, quantificada pelos maiores valores de densidade do solo e menores de macroporosidade, infiltração de água e matéria orgânica.

Transpiration and stomatal resistance variations of perennial tropical crops under soil water availability conditions and water deficit

O experimento foi realizado no Departamento de Produção Vegetal da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil, utilizando-se as culturas de guaranazeiro (Paullinia cupana Kunth), cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.), cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.), goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.) e seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. - Arg.). No período de seca (setembro/94) e de chuvas (novembro/94), realizaram-se determinações de resistência estomática (RE) (s cm-1) e transpiração (T) (µg cm-1 s-1) nas diferentes espécies. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. A partir das análises dos dados pode-se concluir: 1. diferenças significativas entre espécies, em termos das variáveis avaliadas no período de deficiência hídrica, com valores decrescentes de resistência estomática e crescente de transpiração na seguinte ordem: guaranazeiro > cafeeiro > cajueiro > goiabeira > seringueira; 2. Nas águas as diferenças entre espécies, para ambas as variáveis, foram menos evidentes, continuando a cultura da seringueira a apresentar menor resistência estomática e maior transpiração dentre as espécies; 3. As culturas de guaraná e café apresentaram maior resistência à perda de água, em relação às demais culturas.

Survey of the Microbiological Quality of Nonalcoholic Carbonated Beverages

The number and the main groups of microorganisms present in samples of different nonalcoholic carbonated beverages (lemon, orange and guaraná soft drinks) obtained from a small factory were analyzed. The samples were obtained at the end of the processing line. They were then divided into two lots: one was sent to immediate analysis, the other was stored at environmental temperature for 90 d thereafter it was submitted to the same analysis. Aliquots of 1 mL were drawn from the various samples and the corresponding decimal dilutions were prepared. They were then grown in culture media and counts of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, molds and yeasts, acid-producing bacteria, total and fecal coliforms were taken. It was observed that, of all the analyzed samples, at time 0 or after storage sample C (orange) was the best, since it conformed to the microbiological standards established by legislation. The guaraná type could also be consumed on day zero; the lemon type was inadequate for consumption of all the analyzed samples, the orange type was the only one that could be consumed within 3 months of storage.

Proteinograma do soro lácteo de ovelhas da raça santa inês em diferentes fases de lactação

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactation phases on the proteinogram of whey protein in Santa Inês ewes. Ewes were accompanied in a semi-intensive system using the same sanitary and nutritional management evaluated at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days postpartum (end of weaning and lactation). Clinical examination of the mammary gland was carried out through and bacteriological culture. The screening of the material resulted in 44 milk samples of healthy glands concurrent negative by CMT and bacteriological culture exam. For obtaining the whey protein renin solution was used. The whey was fractionated into aliquots and kept in the -80C freezer to later separation of protein fractions. For determination of total protein of whey protein was employed the biuret, observing the linearity of the test. Separation of protein fractions was performed, using polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). Eigth protein were observed including lactoferrin, serum albumin, IgA, IgG (heavy chain IgG (IgG CP), light chain IgG (IgG CL), ß-lactoglobulin, a-lactalbumin and proteins identified as PM 15000 and PM 29000. No significant difference was observed at different stages of lactation in the following protein: IgA (P>0.3895), lactoferrin (P>0.1611), PM 29000 (P>0.4879), α-lactalbumin (P>0.0799) and PM15000 (P>0.4494). In total protein (P<0.0022), albumin protein (P<0.0377) and IgG (P<0.0354) it was observed a significant variation in the first moments of observations, in the ß-lactoglobulin protein (P<0.0005) there was significant variation with reduction of 15 to 30 days postpartum with progressive elevation until the last stage of lactation (90 days postpartum). The SDS-PAGE technique allowed the quantification of eigth whey proteins in health ewes. The protein fractions identified reflect the profile of whey to ovine species, with influence of stages of lactation in albumin, IgG and ß-lactoglobulin.

Análise de investimentos para implantação de unidade industrial de pequeno porte de refrigerantes de acerola

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A configuração da palavra como condicionante fonológico em Mbɨá

O Mbɨá apresenta 2 regras fonológicas, para cuja formulação é necessário especificar a configuração total da palavra e não apenas um de seus limites: — a primeira regra em questão insere o segmento /h/ no início de palavra cuja configuração é #-V?V#; — a segunda regra reduplica a vogal de palavras monossilábicas em determinados contextos (particularidade esta que distingue o Mbɨá dos demais dialetos da língua Guarani). O Mbɨá , dialeto da língua Guarani, da família Tupi-Guaraní, do tronco lingüístico Tupi, é falado desde o Rio Grande do Sul até o Espírito Santo, sendo que no Estado de São Paulo os Mbɨá encontram-se dispersos em diversos núcleos na parle oriental do Estado.

Mapeamento geoestatístico da vulnerabilidade do Aquífero Guarani no município de Ribeirão Bonito - SP

The Guaraní aquifer has relevant importance both as a source of water for several urban centres and the development of agriculture and livestock. In recharge areas the aquifer is free and, therefore, subject to contamination of effluents and tailings deposited on soils that cover it. Thus, it becomes crucial not only its protection at all levels, as the knowledge of its degree of natural vulnerability. The present work used geostatistics modeling techniques to study the natural vulnerability of the Guaraní aquifer in the city of Rio Bonito, State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, where the Guarani aquifer is exposed. These techniques, extensively used in evaluation studies of mineral deposits and oil tanks, can be adapted to produce a spatial classification or a regionalisation of probabilistic indices of vulnerability. By ordinary kriging method maps of vulnerability classification were obtained. To determine the vulnerability of the aquifer was employed the Aquifer Vulnerability Index (AVI), which requires knowledge of unsaturated zone thickness and permeability. The final product was a map with probabilistic index of vulnerability of the Guaraní aquifer, which presented values between 0 to 0.33 years, framing the area studied in AVI class extremely high vulnerability

Comunicação empresarial e relações públicas: a construção de relacionamentos no contexto do Facebook

Currently with the context of the Internet, especially on online social networks, it is observed that people and companies are establishing relationships both online and offline. The new digital culture and the competitiveness of the market are making companies change the way they communicate with their customers, providing a broader and more participative communication with their stakeholders. This resear chaims to understand the relation of corporate communication and Public Relations and from the conceptualization of the trials will detect the relationship processes of companies and their public in online social networks. Understand this type of relation ship is interesting because that, it is the field of the Public Relations professional. An area that grows in importance in today's market, since Facebook is being used as a channel of communication and relationship with consumers. The methodology used is exploratory research, in which, it aims to familiarize themselves with the subject and the possibility of analyzing three examples of relationships and engagement in the corporate communications field. In this case, the ranking of the top three companies, Coca-Cola, Guaraná Antarctica e Mc Donald's, in the Top Facebook Posts Brazil in January 2015. It is important that to have a Public Relations Professional that is able to create an open channel of communication on social networks with the purpose of detecting the characteristics of the target public and promote the participation of such public in the building of content and the innovative organization process. Therefore, it becomes an engaging and everlasting relationship

Ciclamato de sódio em refrigerantes de baixa caloria

Sodium cyclamate contents in the widely consumed low calorie soft drinks were determined. Low calorie soft drinks made from cola, guarana, orange, lemon and grape were analyzed following the technique described by Sjörberg and Alanko (1987), with some modifications. The methodology recovery assays were carried out at three spiked levels, and the average recovery of 92.5% and 110.3% were found in cola and guarana, respectively; and the relative standard deviation was of 3.7%. The average sodium cyclamate contents ranged from 27.1 ± 1.1 (cola A) to 127.3 ± 1.5 mg.100 mL-1 (lemon B), indicating that the acceptable daily intake of the sweetener can be easily exceeded after drinking low calorie beverages. All of the analyzed low calorie soft drinks showed sodium cyclamate contents higher than those stated on the label, ranging from 12.9% (cola A) to 19.0% (lemon B). Among 18 low calorie soft drinks analyzed, only four showed the average sodium cyclamate contents in accordance with the maximum limit permitted by Brazilian legislation, that is 40 mg.100 mL-1 of beverage; and in other samples the sweetener exceeded ranging from 74.8% (orange) to 218.3% (lemon B) above of the limit permitted.