Aplicação de cloreto e silicato de potássio em gérbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) de vaso

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Cultivares de gérbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.), em vaso, sob dois níveis de fertirrigação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Variação granulométrica de casca de pinus no desenvolvimento e produção de gérbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Aplicação via fertirrigação de soluções com diferentes condutividades elétricas para produção de gérbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) sob ambiente protegido

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Características dos substratos no desenvolvimento, nutrição e produção de gérbera (Gerbera jamesonii) em vaso

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Portable meters for nutritional assessment in plants of gerbera fertigated with electrical conductivity levels

Rapid tests to assess the nutritional status of plants gerbera can make easier the decision of any adjustments in the fertilization of the substrate. The study was conducted to evaluate nutritionally fertigated gerbera plants with increasing levels of electrical conductivity (EC), using portable meters nitrate and potassium, and chlorophyll. For this, two experiments were conducted. A randomized block design with five levels of EC (0.5, 2.0, 3.5, 5.0 and 6.5 dS m-1) and four replications was used. Cherry cultivar was used in the first experiment. In the second experiment, two cultivars (Cherry and Salmon Rose) were used. In the first experiment, the sap of the leaves was subjected to rapid testing of N-NO3- (equipment Cardy Horiba C -141). N-NO3- and K+ (C-131) were determined in the substrate solution. The intensity of the green leaf, in the second experiment was evaluated with portable Chlorophyll Meter. The N content in the indicator leaf in the first and N and K contents in the plant in the second experiment were determined. Rapid tests are presented as good indicators of the level of N-NO3- and K+ in plant tissue, with the advantages of convenience and speed of determination, facilitating monitoring of fertilization of the substrate by producers and technicians.

Produção e qualidade em gérbera de vaso cultivada com cloreto e silicato de potássio

The Gerbera is an ornamental perennial herb, belonging to the Asteraceae family. Its cultivation, as well as the entire market for flowers and ornamental plants, is now in full expansion phase. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and quality Potted gerbera cultivar Red, according to sources and doses of potassium. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at UNESP/Botucatu. The experimental design was randomized blocks, using a 2x5 factorial arrangement, with two sources (potassium silicate and chloride) and five doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg. L-1) 4 replications and 5 plants per plot. Weekly throughout the experimental period, assessments were made of the number of leaves (NL) and the diameter of the plant canopy (DP). at the end of the season and the reproductive cycle, at 42 and 60 days after acclimatization (DAA), respectively, were determined by leaf area (LA), mass (dry leaves (MSF), the dry mass of inflorescence (MSI) and total dry matter (TDM). at the point of marketing is that of open stamens, when the inflorescence had at least two rounds of open, releasing pollen, we determined the number of inflorescences (NI), the diameter of inflorescence (DI), the stem height (AH), the shank diameter (DH) and plant height (PH). Regardless of the doses, potassium silicate promoted greater diameter, leaf area, greater MSF, MST and increased stem height, characteristics that favor the sale of potted gerbera.

Lâminas de fertirrigação e substratos na produção e qualidade de gérbera de vaso

Fertigation management of gerbera crop has been many times performed inadequately, and it has been worsened when mixtures of substrates with different physical and chemical characteristics are used. Aiming at evaluating the production and quality of potted gerbera in two substrates and different levels of fertigation, the experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the DRN/Soil Science, FCA/UNESP, Botucatu (SP). A 5 x 2 factorial randomized block design (5 levels of fertigation and 2 substrates) was adopted with 4 replications. Levels of fertigation corresponded to maintenance of 100% available water (AW) in the substrate; 100 to 80% of AW; 100 to 60% of AW; 100 to 40% of AW and 100 to 20% of AW. The substrates were as follows: 1- mixed coconut fiber (50% pellet coconut fiber and 50% coir fiber), 2- 40% red soil, 40% decomposed pine bark, 10% composition 1 (40% decomposed pine bark, 30% vermiculite and 30% carbonized rice husk) and 10% composition 2 (75% decomposed pine bark and 25% needles of pine). Plants at the marketing stage were evaluated according to the number of leaves; diameter of leaf surface; leaf area; fresh and dry phytomass of leaves, inflorescence and total plant; inflorescence number and diameter, stem diameter, plant height, leaf area rate and electrical conductivity of the substrate solution. Plants of better quality were obtained when they were maintained in levels of 100% available water and the mixed coconut fiber was used as substrate.

Crescimento e produção de gérbera fertirrigada com solução nutritiva

Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar as características de crescimento e produção de quatro cultivares de gérbera de vaso fertirrigadas com duas soluções nutritivas. O experimento foi realizado em casa-de-vegetação, durante o período de maio a julho de 2006, na UNESP-FCA em Botucatu-SP. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados e constituído em esquema fatorial 4x2, sendo 4 cultivares de gérbera (Cherry, Golden Yellow, Salmon Rose e Orange) e 2 soluções nutritivas. As plantas foram conduzidas em vasos com volume de 1,3 L, preenchidos com substrato composto de 70% de casca de pinus fina e 30% de terra de subsolo. Avaliou-se o número de folhas e diâmetro de planta semanalmente durante o ciclo da cultura; área foliar e fitomassa seca ao final dos períodos vegetativo e reprodutivo; tempo necessário para a produção, número de inflorescências, diâmetro das inflorescências e hastes e altura de planta, no ponto de comercialização. As cultivares responderam de maneira diferenciada quanto às características de crescimento, Salmon Rose e Cherry apresentaram maior formação de parte aérea; Golden Yellow e Orange foram mais compactas. No ponto de comercialização, somente altura, diâmetro de inflorescência e haste apresentaram variação entre as cultivares. As duas soluções nutritivas foram eficientes para a produção de plantas de qualidade.

Acúmulo de nutrientes em gérbera de vaso em função de fontes e doses de potássio

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fisiologia e conservação pós-colheita de flores cortadas de gérbera

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Electrical conductivity and pH of the substrate solution in gerbera cultivars under fertigation

The quality and the profitability on floriculture are intimately linked to the adequate plant nutrition. In the present research we aimed to evaluate the electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of the substrate solution on four different gerbera cultivars subjected to fertigation, with two nutritive solutions. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, from May to July 2006, on the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo state, Brazil. The experiment was carried out under an experimental design of random blocks, in 4×2 factorial arrangement, with four Gerbera cultivars (Cherry, Golden Yellow, Salmon Rose and Orange) and two nutritive solution concentrations: 0.92 and 1.76 dS m-1 EC) during the vegetative stage, and 1.07 and 2.04 dS m-1 during the reproductive stage (S1 and S2, respectively). The nutrients were applied through fertigation, manually performed every day. The EC and pH values of the substrate solution were evaluated weekly, using the 'pourthru' method. Orange and Cherry cultivars had, respectively, the highest and the lowest electrical conductivity of the substrate solution, and Cherry was the most efficient on the nutrient uptake. The solution S2 showed a trend to accumulate salts in the substrate, but without visual symptoms of plant toxicity, leading to the lowest pH values. The 'pourthru' method was efficient when compared to the 1:2 method and can be adopted for substrate solution analysis in gerbera culture.

Características dos substratos na absorção de nutrientes e na produção de gérbera de vaso

The production systems on substrates have been employed in most commercial cultivation of flowers and ornamental plants, including gerbera. However, its introduction as potted flower is recent in Brazil and many studies, especially those related to the determination of substrates physical and chemical properties, which contribute to production quality are still needed. The present study aimed to assess the influence of substrates characteristics for nutrient absorption and production of potted gerbera. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse with the experimental design in randomized blocks, factorial arrangement 5x2 (5 substrates and 2 cultivars) and 4 replications. Treatments consisted of substrates with different physical and chemical characteristics and gerbera cultivars (Cherry and Red). Plants grown on substrate with pH above 7.0 had a reduction in iron absorption, resulting in lower intensity of green coloration in the leaves. Plants grown on substrate with pH below 5.0 showed toxic levels of manganese and lower dry mass. The characteristics of the substrate, especially the pH, influence the nutrients absorption and the production of potted gerbera, altering the final plant quality.

Macronutrientes em cultivares de gérbera sob dois níveis de fertirrigação

A gérbera de vaso é uma planta ornamental conhecida mundialmente; entretanto, dispõem-se de reduzido volume de informações sobre suas técnicas de cultivo, em especial a nutrição e adubação, fatores essenciais para ganhos na qualidade produtiva. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o teor e o acúmulo de macronutrientes em quatro cultivares de gérbera sob dois níveis de fertirrigação. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, de maio a julho de 2006, na UNESP em Botucatu. O mesmo foi instalado em blocos casualizados e constituído de um fatorial 4x2, sendo 4 cultivares de gérbera (Cherry, Golden Yellow, Salmon Rose e Orange) e 2 concentrações de solução nutritiva (50% e 100%), correspondendo respectivamente às condutividades elétricas de 0,92 e 1,76 dS m-1, no período vegetativo e 1,07 e 2,04 dS m-1, no reprodutivo. Os nutrientes foram aplicados via fertirrigação, realizada manualmente, uma vez ao dia. Ao final dos períodos vegetativo e reprodutivo foram quantificados no tecido vegetal, os teores e os acúmulos dos macronutrientes. As demandas destes nutrientes foram diferenciadas entre as cultivares e a concentração da solução apresentou um efeito marcante no teor e acúmulo de N, P, Ca, Mg e S na planta. Os maiores acúmulos foram registrados no terço final do ciclo de produção, apresentando a seguinte ordem de absorção: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S (415, 327, 33, 32, 20 mg planta-1).

Análise de crescimento de gérbera de vaso conduzida em diferentes substratos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)