Changes in physical properties of extruded sour cassava starch and quinoa flour blend snacks

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Use of Primary Sludge from Pulp and Paper Mills for Nanocomposites

Cellulose nanocrystals have been evaluated as reinforcement material in polymeric matrices due to their potential to improve the mechanical, optical, and dielectric properties of these matrixes. This work describes how high pressure defibrillation and chemical purification affect the sludge fiber morphology from micro to nanoscale. Microscopy techniques and X-ray diffraction were used to study the structure and properties of the prepared nanofibers and composites. Microscopic studies showed that the used individualization processes lead to a unique morphology of interconnected web-like structure of sludge fibers. The nanofibers are bundles of cellulose fibers having widths (5 to 30 nm) and estimated lengths of several micrometers.

Thermal analysis as a screening technique for the characterization of babassu flour and its solid fractions after acid and enzymatic hydrolysis

The babassu (Orbignya phalerata) is a native tree found in northern Brazil. Extracts of the babassu coconut have been widely used in industry. Babassu flour has about 60% starch, thus, besides nourishment it can be used as an alternative biofuel source. However, the properties of this starch lack of study and understanding. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the thermal behavior of raw babassu flour and its solid hydrolyzed fraction. The analyses were carried out using SHIMADZU DSC and TG thermic analyzers. The results demonstrated a reduction in thermal stability of the solid hydrolyzed fraction compared to raw matter. The kinetic parameters were investigated using non-isothermal methods and the parameters obtained for its decomposition process were an E(a) of 166.86 kJ mol(-1) and a frequency factor (beta) of 6.283 x 1014 min(-1); this was determined to be a first order reaction (n = 1). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dietary intervention with narrow-leaved cattail rhizome flour (Typha angustifolia L.) prevents intestinal inflammation in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid model of rat colitis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dietary intervention with green dwarf banana flour (Musa sp AAA) prevents intestinal inflammation in a trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid model of rat colitis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dynamics of extinction in coupled populations of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Infrared degrees of freedom of Yang-Mills theory in the Schrodinger representation

We set up a new calculational framework for the Yang-Mills vacuum transition amplitude in the Schrodinger representation. After integrating out hard-mode contributions perturbatively and performing a gauge-invariant gradient expansion of the ensuing soft-mode action, a manageable saddle-point expansion for the vacuum overlap can be formulated. In combination with the squeezed approximation to the vacuum wave functional this allows for an essentially analytical treatment of physical amplitudes. Moreover, it leads to the identification of dominant and gauge-invariant classes of gauge field orbits which play the role of gluonic infrared (IR) degrees of freedom. The latter emerge as a diverse set of saddle-point solutions and are represented by unitary matrix fields. We discuss their scale stability, the associated virial theorem and other general properties including topological quantum numbers and action bounds. We then find important saddle-point solutions (most of them solitons) explicitly and examine their physical impact. While some are related to tunneling solutions of the classical Yang-Mills equation, i.e. to instantons and merons, others appear to play unprecedented roles. A remarkable new class of IR degrees of freedom consists of Faddeev-Niemi type link and knot solutions, potentially related to glueballs.

Duality between non-commutative Yang-Mills-Chem-Simons and non-Abelian self-dual models

By introducing an appropriate parent action and considering a perturbative approach, we establish, up to fourth order terms in the field and for the full range of the coupling constant, the equivalence between the non-commutative Yang-Mills-ChernSimons theory and the non-commutative, non-Abelian self-dual model. In doing this, we consider two different approaches by using both the Moyal star-product and the Seiberg-Witten map. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Alternative string theory in twistor space for N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory

In this Letter, an alternative string theory in twistor space is proposed for describing perturbative N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory. Like the recent proposal of Witten, this string theory uses twistor worldsheet variables and has manifest spacetime superconformal invariance. However, in this proposal, tree-level super-Yang-Mills amplitudes come from open string tree amplitudes as opposed to coming from D-instanton contributions.

Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau and Klein-Cordon-Fock equations for electromagnetic, Yang-Mills and external gravitational field interactions: proof of equivalence

Starting from the Generating functional for the Green Function (GF), constructed from the Lagrangian action in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) theory (L-approach) we strictly prove that the physical matrix elements of the S-matrix in DKP and Klein-Gordon-Fock (KGF) theories coincide in cases of interacting spin O particles with external and quantized Maxwell and Yang-Mills fields and in case of external gravitational field (without or with torsion), For the proof we use the reduction formulas of Lehmann, Symanzik and Zimmermann (LSZ). We prove that many photons and Yang-Mills particles GF coincide in both theories too. (C) 2000 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Manifestly covariant actions for D=4 self-dual Yang-Mills and D=10 super-Yang-Mills

Using an infinite number of fields, we construct actions for D = 4 self-dual Yang-Mills with manifest Lorentz invariance and for D = 10 super-Yang-Mills with manifest super-Poincare invariance. These actions are generalizations of the covariant action for the D = 2 chiral boson which was first studied by McClain, Wu, Yu and Wotzasek.

Self-dual super-Yang-Mills as a string theory in (x, 0) space

Different string theories in twistor space have recently been proposed for describing N = 4 super-Yang-Mills. In this paper, a string theory in (x, theta) space is constructed for self-dual N = 4 super-Yang-Mills. It is hoped that these results will be useful for understanding the twistor-string proposals and their possible relation with the pure spinor formalism of the d = 10 superstring.

Ten-dimensional super-twistors and Super-Yang-Mills

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Nonlocal charges for bonus yangian symmetries of Super-Yang-Mills

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)