The impact of physical exercise on the gastrointestinal tract

Purpose of reviewPhysical exercise can be both beneficial and harmful for the gastrointestinal tract in a dose-effect relationship between its intensity and health. Mild-to-moderate intensity exercises play a protective role against colon cancer, diverticular disease, cholelithiasis and constipation, whereas acute strenuous exercise may provoke heartburn, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and even gastrointestinal bleeding. This review focuses on mechanisms involved in those symptoms and their associations with type of exercises in humans.Recent findingsOne quarter to one half of elite athletes are hampered by the gastrointestinal symptoms that may deter them from participation in training and competitive events. Vigorous exercise-induced gastrointestinal symptoms are often attributed to altered motility, mechanical factor or altered neuroimmunoendocrine secretions. Training, lifestyle modifications, meal composition, adequate hydration and avoidance of excessive use of some medications are the recommendations.SummaryStrenuous exercise and dehydrated states would be the causes of gastrointestinal symptoms referred by 70% of the athletes. Gut ischemia would be the main cause of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and (bloody) diarrhea. The frequency is almost twice as high during running than during other endurance sports as cycling or swimming and 1.5-3.0 times higher in the elite athletes than the recreational exercisers.

The effect of eccentric strength training on heart rate and on its variability during isometric exercise in healthy older men

The purpose of this study was to investigate if chronic eccentric strength training (ST) affects heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) during sub-maximal isometric voluntary contractions (SIVC). The training group (TG) (9 men, 62 ± 2) was submitted to ST (12 weeks, 2 days/week, 2 - 4 sets of 8-12 repetitions at 75-80% peak torque (PT). The control group (CG) (8 men, 64 ± 4) did not perform ST. The HR and the HRV (RMSSD index) were evaluated during SIVC of the knee extension (15, 30 and 40% of PT). ST increased the eccentric torque only in TG, but did not change the isometric PT and the duration of SIVC. During SIVC, the HR response pattern and the RMSSD index were similar for both groups in pre- and post-training evaluations. Although ST increased the eccentric torque in the TG, it did not generate changes in HR or HRV. © Springer-Verlag 2008.

Avaliação dos efeitos do treinamento no período preparatório em atletas profissionais de futebol

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do treinamento no período preparatório em atletas profissionais de futebol. Participam 17 atletas, com idade acima de 18 anos que disputaram a terceira divisão do campeonato paulista, em 2009. O programa de treinamento predominante foi o tipo neuromuscular e por meio dos testes de sentar e alcançar, salto sêxtuplo, salto vertical e velocidade de deslocamento em 30m os atletas foram avaliados antes do início do programa de treinamento (M1) e após sete semanas (M2). Os dados coletados foram armazenados em banco computacional, produzindo-se informações no plano descritivo (medidas de centralidade e dispersão) e, no inferencial, Teste t de Student e Anova One-way. Os principais resultados apontam para melhora da flexibilidade, força explosiva e rápida, e sensível diminuição na velocidade de deslocamento em 30 metros.

Etapas e volume de treinamento das ginastas Brasileiras participantes de Jogos Olímpicos (1980-2004)

Results from Brazilian female Artistic Gymnastics improved over the past 10 years at an international level of competition. This study aimed at describing career development process in sports through a qualitative research resorting to the Oral History method. Ten Brazilian gymnast players in Olympic Games from 1980 to 2004 participated in the study. The information they provided allowed for the identification of specific variables present in their long term preparation: structure and organization of their practice, duration of the preliminary preparation phases, volume of daily practice in different phases of training, and length of time for the achievement of better results. © FTCD/CIDESD.

Efeito do exercício aeróbio prévio realizado em diferentes cadências de pedalada sobre o número máximo de repetições na musculação e a capacidade de saltos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influência das concentrações de marcadores bioquímicos de supertreinamento sobre as performances aeróbia e anaeróbia durante periodização em natação

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Protocolos de treinamento aeróbio intervalado e da periodização para natação com ratos

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Efeitos de quatro modelos de treinamento experimental de natação sobre biomarcadores de adaptação e capacidades aeróbia e anaeróbia em ratos wistar

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

A noção de espaço na prática desportiva: um estudo de casos múltiplos com base na epistemologia genética com praticantes de futsal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Standardization of metachromatic staining method of myofibrillar ATPase activity of myosin to skeletal striated muscle of mules and donkeys

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A formação profissional e a aplicação dos modelos de periodização do treinamento desportivo, por treinadores de judô de atletas de elite

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Ocorrência de lesões de ligamentares e músculo tendíneas ao longo das fases do ciclo menstrual de atletas de alto redimento: um estudo de caso longitudinal

Female athletes are more susceptible to injury when compared with males. This increased risk of injury, may be caused by fertile-menstrual cycle. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence in the occurrence of muscle-tendon and ligament injuries in different phases of the menstrual cycle over a period of high performance sports training and identify possible differences of occurrences between the phases. Fifteen female athletes, members of a women's basketball team, with ages between 15 and 22 years (average 17.5 ± 2.6 years), with regular menstrual cycles and daily practitioners of training, received follow-up during the menstrual cycle for 5 months. During the period were noted occurrences of injury in relation to the menstrual period of each athlete. The results showed 13 injuries, all of anterior cruciate ligament. The distribution of percentage values indicated a significantly higher risk of athletes suffer injuries in the follicular phase. The result makes us believe that significant elevations in the concentrations of estrogen in this fertile menstrual cycle phase, more open women to a higher risk of performing different injuries.

Endurance training stimulates growth and survival pathways and the redox balance in rat pancreatic islets

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)