Abordaje práctico sobre cómo mejorar el bienestar en los bovinos

Current challenges of humanity require a new paradigm for animal production, and invest time and attention to the development of new production techniques that take into account the principles of sustainability and animal welfare science. To do this, we must be committed to promoting animal welfare and health, ensure environmental sustainability, consumer satisfaction and profitability for producers. To change our relationship with animals there is no need for changes in market conditions or large investments, it is enough to know better the needs of the animals we raise, the management system adapted to its characteristics. Even in the most favorable management conditions, on farms that have technological resources and trained personnel, there is much to change, especially in the daily management of the animals. Some of the risks more evident in the traditional systems of beef production are: problems during parturition, morbidity and mortality of calves, lack of shade in the pastures, improper handling of animals, risk of injury, inadequate infrastructure, poor management practices during routine processing (marking, castration, vaccination, dehorning), poor welfare during loading, transport, unloading and slaughter. To remedy this, you can adopt good management practices, which have been shown to reduce risk and improve the welfare of cattle in different stages of the production chain. The objective of this review is to show some of the risks that reduce the welfare of cattle and examples of how the adoption of best management practices impact on improving the productivity of these production systems. Finally, some indicators for assessing welfare in production systems are shown.

El ejercicio físico y su prescripción en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas degenerativas

Chronic degenerative diseases constitute one of the main causes of death at a global level, and their significant increase has alerted many countries, which are taking measures to reduce risk factors, some of which are modifiable; being the regular exercise a means of prevention and rehabilitation of these diseases. The objective of this revision is to analyze the necessary parameters to take into account for the prescription of an exercise program in patients with obesity, high blood pressure dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus type 2.

La suplementación pre-ejercicio con carbohidrato de alta concentración perjudica el rendimiento en el ejercicio de alta intensidad en bicicleta

Objectives. To evaluate the effects of pre-exercise high concentration carbohydrate supplementation on performance, cardiovascular, metabolic and hormonal responses during high intensity cycling exercise. Method. Seven male cyclists (28.7 ± 5.4 years; 65.2 ± 4.7 kg body weight), who performed two continuous exercise trials under placebo (PLA) or carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion at a work rate of 80% VO 2max until exhaustion, participated in the study. The cyclists received 5 ml.kg-1 of a maltodextrin solution diluted at a concentration of 10% (CHO) or placebo (PLA) at 60, 45 and 30 min pre-exercise. Results. A 5.4% reduction in the time to exhaustion was observed in the CHO trial compared to the PLA trial. In both trials, glucose and lactate levels were higher in the post-trial condition compared to pre-exercise values (p < 0.05). Free fatty acid levels were lower in the CHO group than in the PLA group both before and after the trial (p < 0.05). Insulinemia was higher during the pre-trial in the CHO group (42.7 ± 3.6 μU.ml-1) compared to the PLA condition (11.8 ± 3.3 μU.ml-1) (p < 0.05), and even decreased to 23.8 ± 5.1 μU.ml-1 during exercise after CHO intake (p < 0.05). No significant differences in plasma cortisol were observed between the two trials (p > 0.05). Conclusions. Pre-exercise high concentration CHO supplementation resulted in impaired performance in high intensity cycling exercise and decreased free fatty acid levels. © 2010 Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte.

A formação do cidadão moderno: a seleção cultural para a escola primária nos manuais de Pedagogia (Brasil e Portugal, 1870–1920)

This article seeks to understand the production of the modern school in Brazil and Portugal at the turn of the 20th century. The analysis falls on the pedagogical knowledge constituted around school programs disseminated in pedagogical manuals at the Normal Schools in Brazil and Portugal. The study uses three teacher training manuals as source of information: Curso pratico de pedagogia destinado aos alunos-mestres das escholas normaes primarias e aos instituidores em exercício (1874), by Mr. Daligault; Elementos de Pedagogia para servirem de guia aos candidatos ao magistério primário (1870), by José Maria da Graça Affreixo and Henrique Freire; and Lições de metodologia (1920), by Bernardino da Fonseca Lage.