Análise da ferramenta LEED para a certificação de edifícios sustentáveis no Brasil

CCurrently there are various systems for the evaluation of environmental impacts of buildings, known as tools of environmental certification. Among these, the tool LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations has been the most widely used and accepted worldwide, in assessing the sustainability of buildings. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the tool for LEED certification for construction work in Brazil, which ranks fourth in the world ranking records certification of sustainable buildings. It was found in this analysis that the assumptions of this tool are encouraging the use of more sustainable and less impactful on the environment as it promotes the deployment of innovative projects from a technological standpoint, , as well as the valuation of enterprises certified. Also, very significant results obtained in terms of energy efficiency and environmental quality in occupied buildings

Técnicas construtivas e procedimentos sustentáveis – estudo de caso: edifício na cidade de São Paulo

The environmental problems generated by construction activity have been widely discussed in Brazil, which has begun to incorporate sustainable building techniques in your ventures. Based on these facts, this work focused on addressing the main characteristics of a sustainable building project. Among them are water conservation, energy efficiency in buildings, managing a construction site with little environmental impact and reuse of materials and construction elements. This work, after the presentation of the main characteristics of a sustainable building project, shows a case study about the implementation of environmental certification LEED Gold level in a large building, located in São Paulo - SP, Brazil. With that, we want to produce a research document about the topic of sustainable buildings

Eficiência Energética e sustentabilidade em edificações: um estudo de caso na biblioteca da UNESP de Guaratinguetá

Energy efficiency has gained significant importance in recent years, mainly due to cyclical climatic conditions and current supply of natural resources. The present work deals with the procedures and requirements necessary to evaluate a building to a level of efficiency corresponding to your project and the actual implemented. To perform this analysis, we adopted the technical regulation efficiency prepared by Procel along with other agencies of the sector. The Regulation aims to create a model for the technical evaluation of the efficiency of buildings, popularize and expand the theme specification of conditions drawn up today. The building analyzed in this study was the library of UNESP, Guaratinguetá. Still, after the completion of the final efficiency analysis, are presented proposals for intervention that can improve and enhance the present situation of the building. The interventions are based on many technical factors and local conditions of climate and supply of resource. The issue of sustainability was explained in order to serve as a tool to expand the options available to upgrade a building in front of their impact on the environment

Tecnologias, conceitos e propostas de materiais de construção sustentável do Centro de Vivências da UNESP, Rio Claro/SP

Due to the great impact caused by construction, the university has a major role in the development of alternative projects and studies aimed at sustainable development. This project presents the advantages and importance of building in a sustainable manner from the beginning to end of the Center of Experiences at UNESP, Rio Claro / SP. It will be presented alternative building materials that have high environmental performance and that bring the least negative impacts as possible. Providing a Center of Experiences through a sustainable building is in need of the university to renovate the new trends of society in which the construction is in harmony with the environment in which it is inserted. This sustainable building will serve as a model for students and residents of Rio Claro, since the building itself will serve as a way of learning to the audience goer, as well as for the other campuses of UNESP. Thus, this project will serve as a guide for decision makers facing the huge amount of building materials available in the market

Estudo da viabilidade de implantação de um Bairro Universitário sustentável na cidade de Guaratinguetá, a partir das diretrizes para a elaboração do projeto urbanístico

This paper presents a proposal for the creation and revitalization of the IAPI neighborhood in the city of Guaratinguetá, in order to create a relationship of respect between the citizens and students Guaratinguetaenses, improving the quality of life of the entire population of the city. In addition, the presentation of the integration of educational institutions in the city's historical context is important to understand the situation in which the municipality has developed

Técnicas de energia elétrica sustentável aplicadas em edificações

One of the majors concerns in society today is to decrease the environmental impact caused by human activities and natural resource exploration. From this need to be more careful with the environment arose, in the field of civil construction, the term sustainable building. Projects that use natural resources rationally, without ceasing to bring comfort and functionality for customers, are becoming more a reality. This paper presents the share of electric energy in a sustainable building, with the analysis of the available renewable energies used in a project, presentation of new constructive techniques and technologies that are constantly emerging to achieve greater energy efficiency, with an appropriate use of energy received, also a decrease of the energy consumed by some devices present in a residence or business

EDiferentes tipologias de edificação e o ser sustentável mediante o LEED e o CBCS

The principles and dimensions of sustainability concept is increasingly gaining ground within the building industry. Over the past decades, its applicability within the different environments and for different buildings typologies have been study to attend better the present populations and future generations. It is within this scenario that international certifications started to appear. The most famous and developed one being LEED certification system. In Brazil, as a support to the certification and also sustainability practices and conducts, was founded the Brazilian Council for Sustainable Construction (CBCS). The council and the certifications have the objective to disseminate and generate awareness to reduce energy and water consumption, aiming for life quality. Many constructions around de country have already the international certification, which also boost the rise of national certifications with specific criteria for the national context. However, such certificates are mainly destiny for medium and high standard buildings, often as a commercial advantage to explain the high costs. The purpose of this work is to be able to define what is being sustainable in the construction industry, taking for basis, LEED and CBCS. In addition, since there is a significant increase in the production of Housing Social Interest, the other angles will be to analyze how to apply the practices and sustainable technologies for low-cost projects with the objective to balance the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social and economics.

Conforto térmico de edificações: análise crítica das tecnologias existentes

The rising in greenhouse gases emission as consequence of industrial expansion especially in developing countries is appointed as one of those reasons responsible for global warming. High-level temperatures are set as responsible for low productivity and high levels of discomfort. With the increase of worldwide energy demand, due to the population growth, this work aims to be an introductory text revising the current ventilation (mechanical and natural) and refrigeration technologies as well as low energy cooling techniques and architectural alternatives that seeks offering good ventilation and ideal buildings temperatures, making them sustainable. In addition, the text deals with the measurement instruments used to evaluate the parameters defined by international and national standards. At last, a case of study applies few concepts and technologies described in the text, introducing the results achieved, the limitations and suggestions to future works

Selo PROCEL edifica - edifícios comerciais, de serviços e públicos

This paper presents a study on the labeling Procel Build, an action plan for energy efficiency in buildings which aims to build the foundations necessary to rationalize energy consumption in buildings in Brazil (PROCEL, 2009a, p. 5), ie Procel builds aims to ensure the construction of the building that has a low energy expenditure, but still provide a comfortable environment. In this research, it is also shown how the labels are obtained, which may be general or partial. The reader will find further explanation of the three aspects of a building, and they Envelopment, Lighting system and Air Conditioning System Finally, we present the advantages and challenges of system builds procel, showing the need for greater investment and disclosure of elements that contribute to the implementation of sustainable buildings in Brazil

Extração semiautomática de contornos de telhado de edifícios com base em snakes e programação dinâmica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Método monoscópico para a determinação automática da altura de edifícios em fotografias aéreas

This paper proposes a monoscopic method for automatic determination of building's heights in digital photographs areas, based on radial displacement of points in the plan image and geometry at the time the photo is obtained. Determination of the buildings' heights can be used to model the surface in urban areas, urban planning and management, among others. The proposed methodology employs a set of steps to detect arranged radially from the system of photogrammetric coordinates, which characterizes the lateral edges of buildings present in the photo. In a first stage is performed the reduction of the searching area through detection of shadows projected by buildings, generating sub-images of the areas around each of the detected shadow. Then, for each sub-image, the edges are automatically extracted, and tests of consistency are applied for it in order to be characterized as segments of straight arranged radially. Next, with the lateral edges selected and the knowledge of the flight height, the buildings' heights can be calculated. The experimental results obtained with real images showed that the proposed approach is suitable to perform the automatic identification of the buildings height in digital images.

Predição de sombras de edifícios sobre vias urbanas com base em modelos digitais de elevações e dados de imagens aéreas de alta resolução

This research presents a methodology for prediction of building shadows cast on urban roads existing on high-resolution aerial imagery. Shadow elements can be used in the modeling of contextual information, whose use has become more and more common in image analysis complex processes. The proposed methodology consists in three sequential steps. First, the building roof contours are manually extracted from an intensity image generated by the transformation of a digital elevation model (DEM) obtained from airborne laser scanning data. In similarly, the roadside contours are extracted, now from the radiometric information of the laser scanning data. Second, the roof contour polygons are projected onto the adjacent roads by using the parallel projection straight lines, whose directions are computed from the solar ephemeris, which depends on the aerial image acquisition time. Finally, parts of shadow polygons that are free from building perspective obstructions are determined, given rise to new shadow polygons. The results obtained in the experimental evaluation of the methodology showed that the method works properly, since it allowed the prediction of shadow in high-resolution imagery with high accuracy and reliability.

Uso de dados fotogramétricos no refinamento geométrico de contornos de telhados de edifícios extraídos de dados laser

In this paper, a methodology is proposed for the geometric refinement of laser scanning building roof contours using high-resolution aerial images and Markov Random Field (MRF) models. The proposed methodology takes for granted that the 3D description of each building roof reconstructed from the laser scanning data (i.e., a polyhedron) is topologically correct and that it is only necessary to improve its accuracy. Since roof ridges are accurately extracted from laser scanning data, our main objective is to use high-resolution aerial images to improve the accuracy of roof outlines. In order to meet this goal, the available roof contours are first projected onto the image-space. After that, the projected polygons and the straight lines extracted from the image are used to establish an MRF description, which is based on relations ( relative length, proximity, and orientation) between the two sets of straight lines. The energy function associated with the MRF is minimized by using a modified version of the brute force algorithm, resulting in the grouping of straight lines for each roof object. Finally, each grouping of straight lines is topologically reconstructed based on the topology of the corresponding laser scanning polygon projected onto the image-space. The preliminary results showed that the proposed methodology is promising, since most sides of the refined polygons are geometrically better than corresponding projected laser scanning straight lines.

Determinação automática da altura de edifícios em imagens aéreas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Predição de sombras de edifícios sobre vias urbanas com base em um modelo digital de elevações e dados de imagens aéreas de alta-resolução

Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT