Monitoramento espacial e análise das características climáticas na influência sobre a cultura de soja no estado do Paraná

In the past years, soya has increased itself as the mean agro export culture in Brazil, encouraging the expansion of its agricultural frontier throughout the country. Brazil is the second biggest soya producer around the world, with a 59,8 million ton production in 2008, according to the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), only behind United States. Around the country, the four leading producer states are Mato Grosso, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul e Goiás. Therefore, geotechnologies may be used to monitor use and soil occupation in various analyzes periods. In this review, the tools are important to illustrate the soya production areas and also the weather behavior around its production evolution in the territory through the years. Its utilization can contribute to the evolution and optimization around real time monitoring of the Agricola cultures, without being necessary to be in the area with a low financial cost. Generally, this information is strongly important for decision makers in both government and private sector, as soon as the achievement information regards the quantification of area, yield and development of agricultural crops are essential to the economic behavior of culture during the season and even beyond. By obtaining data regarding climate crops 2008/09 and 2009/10, held the climatic water balance calculation based on the dynamics of water storage in soil temperature and precipitation data, interpolation of the data through the interpolator (IDW) that generated thematic precipitation maps. Overall, the use of geotechnology to monitor agricultural areas, can strongly contribute to this monitoring, generating raw material for further analysis at low cost

O empreendedor possível na cafeicultura de Ribeirão Preto: Joaquim da Cunha Diniz Junqueira (1890-1915)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Flexural behavior of Sisal/Castor oil-Based Polyurethane and Sisal/Phenolic Composites

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Economic design of two-stage (X)over-bar charts: the Markov chain approach

When the (X) over bar chart is in use, samples are regularly taken from the process, and their means are plotted on the chart. In some cases, it is too expensive to obtain the X values, but not the values of a correlated variable Y. This paper presents a model for the economic design of a two-stage control chart, that is. a control chart based on both performance (X) and surrogate (Y) variables. The process is monitored by the surrogate variable until it signals an out-of-control behavior, and then a switch is made to the (X) over bar chart. The (X) over bar chart is built with central, warning. and action regions. If an X sample mean falls in the central region, the process surveillance returns to the (Y) over bar chart. Otherwise. The process remains under the (X) over bar chart's surveillance until an (X) over bar sample mean falls outside the control limits. The search for an assignable cause is undertaken when the performance variable signals an out-of-control behavior. In this way, the two variables, are used in an alternating fashion. The assumption of an exponential distribution to describe the length of time the process remains in control allows the application of the Markov chain approach for developing the cost function. A study is performed to examine the economic advantages of using performance and surrogate variables. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Preliminary studies on agonistic behavior between colonies of Coptotermes havilandi (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) in laboratory bioassays

Intercolonial aggression is being used to delimit foraging territory in termite species of subterranean termites. The advance of the introduced pest termite Coptotermes havilandi Holmgren in the interior of São Paulo State is increasing its economic impact as well as its interspecific and intraspecific competition in Brazil. In order to evaluate the intraspecific agonism among different colonies collected in urban areas of Sȧo Paulo State were set up a series of preliminary bioassays. Different combination of nestmates from field colonies of C. havilandi of Rio Claro city showed lack of agonistic behavior. Nevertheless, encounters among individuals from São Paulo and Rio Claro cities showed agonistic behaviors. These preliminary results suggest that caution should be taken in using intercolonial aggression to delimit the foraging territory of C. havilandi colonies in São Paulo State.

Africanized honeybees: Biological characteristics, urban nesting behavior and accidents caused in Brazilian cities (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

In 1956 African honeybee queens (Apis mellifera scutellata) were imported from South Africa and Tanzania to Brazil, as part of a government project to increase Brazilian honey production. The European honeybees existing in that country had not adapted well to the tropical conditions and consequently, had a low productivity. The newly introduced bee was known to produce substantially more honey than the other subspecies, but was also famous for its great aggressiveness and quicker attack of intruders with less disturbance. Hoping to create a new hybrid bee that would be both docile and productive, the scientist Warwick Estevam Kerr tried to cross the African and the European subspecies under controlled conditions. However, an accident resulted in the escape of 26 swarms into the Brazilian countryside, where their queens mated with drones of the European resident honeybees. The poly-hybrid bees resulting from these crossings expressed scutellata-like reproductive, foraging, and defensive behaviors and, for this reason, were called Africanized honeybees. They spread rapidly from the introduction area of the African honeybees (near Rio Claro, São Paulo state) to as far south as mid-Argentina and to the north of Texas, also settling in Arizona, New Mexico, California and Nevada, due to their high adaptability to variable ecological conditions. In spite of a few undesirable behaviors, these bees have been invoking larger economic interest because they produce much more honey, have good resistance to diseases and are excellent pollinators. In Brazil, because people frequently disturb the environment, the occupation of urban refuges by Africanized honeybees has been increasing in the last years. The concern with accidents is generally associated with the high swarming frequency recorded during the year and the variety of shelters available in urban areas. This paper deals with the biological characteristics of the Africanized honeybees, their nesting behavior in urban environments, and accidents caused by these bees in Brazilian cities.

Leaf anatomical traits corroborate the leaf economic spectrum: a case study with deciduous forest tree species

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

How does tourist monitoring alter fish behavior in underwater trails?

Nature based tourism is becoming more popular because it is perceived as a solution to the conflict between conservation and economic exploitation. Nevertheless, it is known to cause several effects. This paper reports findings whereby monitored tourism avoids triggering adverse effects for social cichlid fish species, Crenicichla lepidota. Measures used included aggression toward territorial intruders and the number of nests built in pristine reference areas for monitored and in non-monitored tourist areas. We observed suppressed aggressive behavior and suppressed nesting only in the non-monitored area. We conclude that by monitoring visits, and using techniques including avoiding stepping on the river bed, reducing the number of visitors, prohibiting fish feeding and protecting riparian vegetation, it is possible to avoid the enduring damage caused by nature tourism. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.