Development of intelligent systems for well drilling and petroleum production

Domains where knowledge representation is too complex to be described analytically and in a deterministic way is very common in the petroleum industry, particularly in the field of exploration and production. In these domains, applications of artificial intelligence techniques are very suitable, especially in cases where the preservation of corporate and technical knowledge is important. The Laboratory for Research on Artificial Intelligence Applied to Petroleum Engineering (LIAP) at Unicamp, has, during the last 10 years, dedicated research efforts to build intelligent systems in well drilling and petroleum production fields. In the following sections, recent advances in intelligent systems, under development in the research laboratory, are described. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier B.V. B.V.

Influence of Implant Drill Materials on Wear, Deformation, and Roughness After Repeated Drilling and Sterilization

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate deformation, roughness, and mass loss of stainless steel, diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated and zirconia drills after multiple osteotomies with sterilization procedures.Materials and Methods:Drilling procedures were performed using stainless steel (G1), DLC-coated (G2), and zirconia (G3) drills. All groups were divided in subgroups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, corresponded to drills used 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 times, respectively.Results:No significant differences in mass and roughness were detected among all groups and subgroups. In SEM images, all groups revealed signs of wear while coating delamination was detected in G2. Drills from G1 displayed more irregular surface, whereas cutting edges were more regular in G3.Conclusion:Zirconia drills presented more regular surfaces whereas stainless steel drills revealed more severe signs of wear. Further studies must be performed to evaluate the putative influence of these findings in heat generation.

Aspectos da furação do titânio 6Al4V com broca de aço rápido sinterizado e broca de metal duro

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Concepção detalhada de uma bancada para simular esforços mecânicos em colunas de perfuração

In this work we study the construction of a test rig made to simulate the Mechanical efforts in wich a drillstring is submitted. The model is based on the rig built at IDS, Germany. There are some fault liabilities while doing the project of the axis. Therefore it's important to analyze and take knowledge of this efforts in order to predict failures like rupture or fatigue collapse. The main objective of this theis is to show the operating principle of the test rig and it's construction. The accomplished study allow us to predict the drillstring behavior and from the economic point of view that is very important because failures results in equipments maintenance that requires time and money causing prejudice to the company. Using SolidWorks, a simulation software, the thesis approaches all the mechanical parts required for it's construction as well as it's working principle. Acquisition sensors like strain gauges, accelerometer, and torque transductor were also used in this model. The objective of this thesis is to create a simulation model to be eventually at FEG(UNESP). During the development of the study, it was possible to learn more about the drilling process and the mechanical efforts in which the drill pipe is submitted. The accomplished contributed with knowledge for the student in the drilling process area. Also during the development of the study it was possible to have contact with different areas of engineering but the study is specifically directed to the construction of the test rig. Therefore the main theme of this thesis is to show the operating principle of the test rig and it's construction

The resistivity piezocone for high resolution geo-environmental site investigation: A Brazilian example

A suit able decision-making on managing a contaminated site characterization program is strongly dependent of the diagnosis process. A detailed diagnosis can be done based on a Conceptual Site Model (CSM) elaboration using high resolution site characterization tools. The piezocone (CPTu) test is a high resolution tool which allows attaching several specific sensors, like the resistivity probe. This hybrid device is called the resistivity piezocone (RCPTu). A simulated geo-environmental site characterization program was performed on an erosion site using different tools (direct push tools soil samplers, hollow stem auger (HSA) drilling and RCPTu tests) to develop the CSM for a site similar to the Brazilian conditions. It was observed a good agreement between the site profiles interpreted by the different methods. The resistivity sensor attached to the piezocone improved the interpretation and the decision-making process on site was significantly better for the CSM elaboration. The RCPTu test data also allowed identifying the hydrogeological heterogeneities. The present study shows that the RCPTu test is also a useful and powerful tool to development an accurate CSM in a Brazilian condition, especially in an approach that prioritizes high resolution geo-environmental investigation. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.

Estudo sobre as possibilidades de recuperação de resíduos provenientes da fabricação de pás eólicas

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Composição da fauna de Hymenoptera associada a área agrícola de manejo tradicional: abelhas nativas e parasitóides

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBRC

Aplicação do método Phitoscreening para determinação de hidrocarbonetos clorados no município de Porto Feliz - SP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Evolução geomorfológica e palaeoambiental dos terraços da margem esquerda do alto rio Paraná

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Taxonomic redescription and biological notes on Diaugia angusta (Diptera,Tachinidae): parasitoid of the palm boring weevils Metamasius ensirostris and M. hemipterus (Coleoptera, Dryophthoridae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Petroleum well drilling monitoring through cutting image analysis and artificial intelligence techniques

Petroleum well drilling monitoring has become an important tool for detecting and preventing problems during the well drilling process. In this paper, we propose to assist the drilling process by analyzing the cutting images at the vibrating shake shaker, in which different concentrations of cuttings can indicate possible problems, such as the collapse of the well borehole walls. In such a way, we present here an innovative computer vision system composed by a real time cutting volume estimator addressed by support vector regression. As far we know, we are the first to propose the petroleum well drilling monitoring by cutting image analysis. We also applied a collection of supervised classifiers for cutting volume classification. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparative analysis of drilling frequencies in recent brachiopod-mollusk associations from the Southern Brazilian Shelf

Over 14,000 specimens-5,204 brachiopods, 9,137 bivalves, and 178 gastropods-acquired from 30 collecting stations (0 to 45 m depth) in the Ubatuba and Picinguaba bays, southern Brazil, were compared for drilling frequencies. Beveled (countersunk) circular-to-subcircular borings (Oichnus-like drill holes) were found in diverse bivalves but also in the rhynchonelliform brachiopod Bouchardia rosea-a small, semi-infaunal to epifaunal, free-lying species that dominates the brachiopod fauna of the southern Brazilian shelf. Drill holes in bivalve mollusks and brachiopods are comparable in their morphology, average diameter, and diameter range, indicating attacks by a single type of drilling organism. Drill holes in brachiopods were rare (0.4%) and found only at five sampling sites. Drillings in bivalves were over 10 times as frequent as in brachiopods, but the average drilling frequency was still low (5.6%) compared to typical boring frequencies of Cenozoic mollusks. Some common bivalve species, however, were drilled at frequencies up to 50 times higher than those observed for shells of B. rosea from the same samples. Due to scarcity of drilled brachiopods, it is not possible to evaluate if the driller displayed a nonrandom (stereotyped) site, size, or valve preference. Drilled brachiopods may record (1) naticid or muricid predation, (2) predation by other drillers, (3) parasitic drillings, and (4) mistaken or opportunistic attacks. Low drilling frequency in brachiopods is consistent with recent reports on ancient and modern examples. The scarcity of drilling in brachiopods, coupled with much higher drilling frequencies observed in sympatric bivalves, suggests that drilling in brachiopods may have been due to facultative or erroneous attacks. The drilling frequencies observed here for the brachiopod-bivalve assemblages are remarkably similar to those reported for Permian brachiopod-bivalves associations. This report adds to the growing evidence for an intriguing macroecological stasis: multiple meta-analytical surveys of present-day and fossil rhynchonelliform brachiopods conducted in recent years also point to persistent scarcity and low intensity of biotic interactions between brachiopods and drilling organisms throughout their evolutionary history.

Monitoring in precision metal drilling process using multi-sensors and neural network

This paper presents a new method to estimate hole diameters and surface roughness in precision drilling processes, using coupons taken from a sandwich plate composed of a titanium alloy plate (Ti6Al4V) glued onto an aluminum alloy plate (AA 2024T3). The proposed method uses signals acquired during the cutting process by a multisensor system installed on the machine tool. These signals are mathematically treated and then used as input for an artificial neural network. After training, the neural network system is qualified to estimate the surface roughness and hole diameter based on the signals and cutting process parameters. To evaluate the system, the estimated data were compared with experimental measurements and the errors were calculated. The results proved the efficiency of the proposed method, which yielded very low or even negligible errors of the tolerances used in most industrial drilling processes. This pioneering method opens up a new field of research, showing a promising potential for development and application as an alternative monitoring method for drilling processes. © 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited.

Dynamics of bone healing after osteotomy with piezosurgery or conventional drilling - histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis

Background: Piezosurgery is an osteotomy system used in medical and dental surgery. Many studies have proven clinical advantages of piezosurgery in terms of quality of cut, maneuverability, ease of use, and safety. However, few investigations have tested its superiority over the traditional osteotomy systems in terms of dynamics of bone healing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of bone healing after osteotomies with piezosurgery and to compare them with those associated to traditional bone drilling.Methods: One hundred and ten rats were divided into two groups with 55 animals each. The animals were anesthetized and the tibiae were surgically exposed to create defects 2 mm in diameter by using piezosurgery (Piezo group) and conventional drilling (Drill group). Animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days post-surgery. Bone samples were collected and processed for histological, histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis. The histological analysis was performed at all time points (n = 8) whereas the histomorphometrical analysis was performed at 7, 14, 30 and 60 days post-surgery (n = 8). The immunolabeling was performed to detect Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Caspase-3 (CAS-3), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa-B Ligand (RANKL), and Osteocalcin (OC) at 3, 7, and 14 days (n = 3). For the molecular analysis, animals were sacrificed at 3, 7 and 14 days, total RNA was collected, and quantification of the expression of 21 genes related to BMP signaling, Wnt signaling, inflammation, osteogenenic and apoptotic pathways was performed by qRT-PCR (n = 5).Results: Histologically and histomorphometrically, bone healing was similar in both groups with the exception of a slightly higher amount of newly formed bone observed at 30 days after piezosurgery (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR analyses didn't detect significant differences in expression of all the proteins and most of the genes tested.Conclusions: Based on the results of our study we conclude that in a rat tibial bone defect model the bone healing dynamics after piezosurgery are comparable to those observed with conventional drilling. © 2013 Esteves et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Investigation of the effect of movement and irrigation systems on temperature in the conventional drilling of cortical bone

We have compared the results of the external irrigation technique with those of a double irrigation technique with continuous intermittent movement. Maximum thermal measurements were made in the cortical part of 10 samples of bovine ribs during osteotomy to simulate the preparation of a surgical bed for the installation of dental implants at a depth of 10 mm Twenty specimens were drilled for each group: external irrigation and continuous movement (control group 1, CG1); external irrigation and intermittent movement (control group 2, CG2); double irrigation and continuous movement (test group 1, TG1); and double irrigation and intermittent movement (test group 2, TG2). The double irrigation technique gave significantly better results regardless of the drilling movement used. Thermal increases between samples was 19.2% in group CG1, 10.4% in CG2, 5.4% in TG1, and 3.4% in TG2. The double irrigation technique produced a significantly smaller increase in temperature in the cortical bone during both types of drilling (p = 0.001), which illustrated its greater efficiency compared with that of the external irrigation technique. (C) 2013 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.