Strains of Xylella fastidiosa rapidly distinguished by arbitrarily primed-PCR

Genomic DNAs isolated from strains of Xylella fastidiosa that caused citrus variegated chlorosis, coffee leaf scorch, Pierce's Disease of grapevine, and plum leaf scorch were analyzed by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. Purified DNA was amplified under nonstringent conditions with single primers 21 nucleotides (nt) long. Thirty-nine amplification products were observed that were useful to distinguish among the strains and to derive a similarity matrix and construct a phenogram showing possible relationships among the strains. Strains isolated from diseased coffee and citrus in Brazil were closely related to each other (coefficient of similarity of 0.872), but only distantly related to a strain isolated from diseased grapevine in the USA (coefficient of similarity of 0.650). Strains of Xylella fastidiosa isolated from diseased plums in the USA and Brazil clustered with strains from different hosts isolated from their respective countries of origin. Thus, there may be two quite dissimilar clusters of strains of Xylella fastidiosa, one in North America and the other in South America. Each cluster contains strains that can cause disease in plum. The methods described provide a convenient and rapid method to distinguish between strains of Xylella fastidiosa that cause diseases of coffee and citrus in the same region of Brazil. This has not been possible previously. This will potentially enable the two strains to be distinguished in alternate hosts or in insect vectors.

Design of a Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Regulator for a Set of Operation Points

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Multidimensional cluster stability analysis from a Brazilian Bradyrhizobium sp RFLP/PCR data set

The taxonomy of the N(2)-fixing bacteria belonging to the genus Bradyrhizobium is still poorly refined, mainly due to conflicting results obtained by the analysis of the phenotypic and genotypic properties. This paper presents an application of a method aiming at the identification of possible new clusters within a Brazilian collection of 119 Bradryrhizobium strains showing phenotypic characteristics of B. japonicum and B. elkanii. The stability was studied as a function of the number of restriction enzymes used in the RFLP-PCR analysis of three ribosomal regions with three restriction enzymes per region. The method proposed here uses Clustering algorithms with distances calculated by average-linkage clustering. Introducing perturbations using sub-sampling techniques makes the stability analysis. The method showed efficacy in the grouping of the species B. japonicum and B. elkanii. Furthermore, two new clusters were clearly defined, indicating possible new species, and sub-clusters within each detected cluster. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Identification of Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from patients with urinary tract infection using a simple set of biochemical tests correlating with 16S-23S interspace region molecular weight patterns

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comparação entre dois testes de rastreamento do diabetes gestacional e o resultado perinatal

OBJETIVO: comparar dois testes de rastreamento para diabetes e seus resultados com o resultado da gestação. MÉTODOS: no total, 279 pacientes foram submetidas a dois testes de rastreamento do diabetes gestacional - associação glicemia de jejum e fatores de risco (GJ + FR) e o teste de tolerância à glicose simplificado (TTG50g). O rastreamento pela associação GJ + FR caracterizou-se pela dosagem da glicemia de jejum e anamnese para identificação dos fatores de risco na primeira consulta de pré-natal. O TTG50g foi realizado entre a 24ª e a 28ª semana de gestação e caracterizou-se pela dosagem das glicemias plasmáticas em jejum e uma hora após a sobrecarga oral com 50 g de glicose. Os resultados, positivo e negativo, foram relacionados ao resultado da gestação. Foram consideradas variáveis dependentes: via de parto, idade gestacional, peso e índice ponderal ao nascimento, índices de Apgar <7 no 1º e 5º minutos, necessidade de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), tempo de permanência hospitalar e óbito neonatal. Empregou-se o teste t de Student, admitindo-se 5% como limite de significância para calcular a diferença de proporção de das médias. RESULTADOS: apenas dois resultados perinatais estudados foram diferenciados pelos testes. O TTG50g alterado esteve associado à maior proporção de cesárea (58,7 versus 34,3%) e a associação GJ + FR positiva, maior taxa de prematuridade (15,4 versus 5,4%). As demais variáveis não foram diferentes nas pacientes com testes de rastreamento positivo e negativo. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar da relação entre a prematuridade e associação GJ + FR positiva e aumento de cesárea e TTG50g alterado, seria falha crítica aceitá-los como definitivos. Entre outras explicações, múltiplos fatores intercorrentes e as características próprias dos testes de rastreamento devem ser consideradas.

A set of polymorphic microsatellite loci for Vriesea gigantea and Alcantarea imperialis (Bromeliaceae) and cross-amplification in other bromeliad species

Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized in two species of Bromeliaceae: Vriesea gigantea and Alcantarea imperialis. The number of alleles observed for each locus ranged from three to 16. The loci will be used for studies of the genetic structure of natural populations, reproductive biology, and evolutionary relationships among and within these genera. A cross-amplification test in 22 taxa suggests that the markers will be useful for similar applications in numerous other bromeliad species.

New primers for the amplification and sequencing of nuclear loci in a taxonomically wide set of reptiles and amphibians

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effects of self-, chase and mixed self/cross-pollinations on pistil longevity and fruit set in Ceiba species (Bombacaceae) with late-acting self-incompatibility

Background and aims Late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI). in which selfed flowers fail to form fruits despite apparently successful growth of the pollen tubes to the ovules, is a contentious and still poorly understood phenomenon. Some studies have indicated pollen tube-pistil interactions, and major gene control. Others favour an early acting inbreeding depression explanation.Methods Experimental pollinations, including selfs (in a subsample of which the style was cut before pollen tubes reached the ovary), chase self/cross-pollinations, crosses, and mixed self/cross-pollinations were used to study floral/pistil longevity and effect on fruit set and seed yield in two Ceiba species known to have LSI.Results Self-pollinations, including those with a cut style, had extended floral longevity compared with unpollinated flowers. Chase pollinations in which cross-pollen was applied up to 3 h after selfing set fruits, but with reduced seed set compared with crosses. Those with cross-pollen applied at 4 and 8 h after self-pollination all failed to set fruits. Flowers subjected to 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 self/cross-pollinations all produced fruits but again with a significantly lower seed set compared with crosses.Conclusions Extended floral longevity initiated with self-pollen tubes growing in the style indicates some kind of pollen tube-pistil interaction. Fruit set only in chase pollinations up to 3 h implies that self-pollen tubes either grow more slowly in the style or penetrate ovules more slowly on arrival at the ovary compared with cross-tubes. This agrees with previous observations indicating that the incidence of penetrated ovules is initially lower in selfed compared with crossed pistils. However, the low seed yield from mixed pollinations indicates that self- and cross-pollen tubes arrive at the ovary and penetrate ovules more or less simultaneously. Possible explanations for these discordant results are discussed. (C) 2004 Annals of Botany Company.

Revalidação de Astyanax rupununi Fowler, 1914 (Teleostei, Characidae) e descrição de duas espécies novas para o gênero

A. rupununi Fowler, 1914, considerada sinônimo de A. bimaculatus (Linnaeus) por Eigenmann (1921) é revalidada e duas espécies novas são descritas: A. clavitaeniatus, do alto rio Branco, Roraima, Brasil, e A. siapae, da bacia do Casiquiare-Orinoco, Estados Amazonas e Apure, Venezuela. Essas três espécies apresentam o mesmo padrão básico de coloração: mancha umeral negra horizontalmente ovalada, mancha negra no pedúnculo caudal estendida à extremidade dos raios caudais medianos, duas barras verticais marrons (a primeira cruzando a mancha umeral e a segunda situada 23 escamas atrás) e característica faixa lateral negra em forma de clava. Os caracteres que distinguem as três espécies são discutidos e é apresentada uma chave de identificação para as três espécies.

Avanços na fruticultura tropical no Brasil

Os principais aspectos que marcaram a evolução técnica das culturas do abacaxizeiro, mamoeiro e maracujazeiro no Brasil foram discutidos. em abacaxizeiro, tem-se constatado uma inovação no sistema de comercialização da cv. Smooth Cayenne, que consiste no uso de caixas de papelão ondulado para o mercado interno, cujo objetivo é propiciar uma garantia de sabor inserida em uma marca. O recente lançamento de cultivares resistentes à fusariose, pela Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) (Imperial e Vitória) e IAC (Fantástico), traz novas perspectivas de produtividade. em maracujazeiro, a maior contribuição aos pomares foi dada pelo melhoramento genético, inicialmente voltado apenas para ampliação da produtividade da cultura. No início dos anos 2000, o lançamento das primeiras cultivares de maracujá - mais produtivas e com qualidade de fruta diferenciada para os dois segmentos de mercado (frutas frescas e agroindústria), transformou o cenário produtivo brasileiro. Com a criação de um sistema organizado de produção e comercialização de sementes e mudas selecionadas, ampliou-se significativamente a qualidade dos pomares. Atualmente, a disponibilidade de novas cultivares tolerantes à virose (VEFM) e cultivares regionais passou a representar um diferencial para a cultura. em mamoeiro, destaca-se a ocorrência do Mosaico do Mamoeiro (Monte Alto-SP, 1967), que determinou a migração da cultura pelo Estado e sua expulsão para outros estados, até sua fixação na Bahia e no Espírito Santo, os maiores produtores nacionais. Comparam-se as técnicas utilizadas nos diferentes períodos de produção, antes e depois do surgimento do mosaico, que permitiram ao Brasil lançar-se no mercado externo, tornando-se o maior exportador mundial de mamão, com lavouras produtivas e frutos de ótima qualidade. Nesta evolução, soma-se a contribuição do melhoramento genético, que disponibilizou sementes de alta qualidade, com reflexos nas práticas culturais e de propagação. São apresentadas de colheita e de pós-colheita diferenciadas que resultaram em melhorias no padrão de qualidade das frutas exportadas para o mercado europeu e norte-americano.

The STATFLUX code: a statistical method for calculation of flow and set of parameters, based on the Multiple-Compartment Biokinetical Model

The code STATFLUX, implementing a new and simple statistical procedure for the calculation of transfer coefficients in radionuclide transport to animals and plants, is proposed. The method is based on the general multiple-compartment model, which uses a system of linear equations involving geometrical volume considerations. Flow parameters were estimated by employing two different least-squares procedures: Derivative and Gauss-Marquardt methods, with the available experimental data of radionuclide concentrations as the input functions of time. The solution of the inverse problem, which relates a given set of flow parameter with the time evolution of concentration functions, is achieved via a Monte Carlo Simulation procedure.Program summaryTitle of program: STATFLUXCatalogue identifier: ADYS_v1_0Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADYS_v1_0Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: noneComputer for which the program is designed and others on which it has been tested: Micro-computer with Intel Pentium III, 3.0 GHzInstallation: Laboratory of Linear Accelerator, Department of Experimental Physics, University of São Paulo, BrazilOperating system: Windows 2000 and Windows XPProgramming language used: Fortran-77 as implemented in Microsoft Fortran 4.0. NOTE: Microsoft Fortran includes non-standard features which are used in this program. Standard Fortran compilers such as, g77, f77, ifort and NAG95, are not able to compile the code and therefore it has not been possible for the CPC Program Library to test the program.Memory, required to execute with typical data: 8 Mbytes of RAM memory and 100 MB of Hard disk memoryNo. of bits in a word: 16No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 6912No. of bytes in distributed Program, including test data, etc.: 229 541Distribution format: tar.gzNature of the physical problem: the investigation of transport mechanisms for radioactive substances, through environmental pathways, is very important for radiological protection of populations. One such pathway, associated with the food chain, is the grass-animal-man sequence. The distribution of trace elements in humans and laboratory animals has been intensively studied over the past 60 years [R.C. Pendlenton, C.W. Mays, R.D. Lloyd, A.L. Brooks, Differential accumulation of iodine-131 from local fallout in people and milk, Health Phys. 9 (1963) 1253-1262]. In addition, investigations on the incidence of cancer in humans, and a possible causal relationship to radioactive fallout, have been undertaken [E.S. Weiss, M.L. Rallison, W.T. London, W.T. Carlyle Thompson, Thyroid nodularity in southwestern Utah school children exposed to fallout radiation, Amer. J. Public Health 61 (1971) 241-249; M.L. Rallison, B.M. Dobyns, F.R. Keating, J.E. Rall, F.H. Tyler, Thyroid diseases in children, Amer. J. Med. 56 (1974) 457-463; J.L. Lyon, M.R. Klauber, J.W. Gardner, K.S. Udall, Childhood leukemia associated with fallout from nuclear testing, N. Engl. J. Med. 300 (1979) 397-402]. From the pathways of entry of radionuclides in the human (or animal) body, ingestion is the most important because it is closely related to life-long alimentary (or dietary) habits. Those radionuclides which are able to enter the living cells by either metabolic or other processes give rise to localized doses which can be very high. The evaluation of these internally localized doses is of paramount importance for the assessment of radiobiological risks and radiological protection. The time behavior of trace concentration in organs is the principal input for prediction of internal doses after acute or chronic exposure. The General Multiple-Compartment Model (GMCM) is the powerful and more accepted method for biokinetical studies, which allows the calculation of concentration of trace elements in organs as a function of time, when the flow parameters of the model are known. However, few biokinetics data exist in the literature, and the determination of flow and transfer parameters by statistical fitting for each system is an open problem.Restriction on the complexity of the problem: This version of the code works with the constant volume approximation, which is valid for many situations where the biological half-live of a trace is lower than the volume rise time. Another restriction is related to the central flux model. The model considered in the code assumes that exist one central compartment (e.g., blood), that connect the flow with all compartments, and the flow between other compartments is not included.Typical running time: Depends on the choice for calculations. Using the Derivative Method the time is very short (a few minutes) for any number of compartments considered. When the Gauss-Marquardt iterative method is used the calculation time can be approximately 5-6 hours when similar to 15 compartments are considered. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

All electron fully relativistic Dirac-Fock calculation for darmstadtium carbide using prolapse free basis set

For the first time, ab inito all electron fully relativistic and correlated Dirac-Fock calculations with prolapse free basis set are reported for a Super Heavy Element. We investigated the relativistic effects on bonding and on some spectroscopic constants for the darmstadtium carbide and our results at DF/CCSD(T) with a prolapse free basis set suggest for R-e, omega(e) and D-e the values of 174 pm, 1114 cm(-1) and 7.29 eV, respectively. These values are very similar to the values for PtC found on literature. It was also found that prolapse free basis set may be important to estimate the dissociation energy using Relativistic 4-components correlated methods. (c) 2007 ELsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dynamics in dumbbell domains I. Continuity of the set of equilibria

We analyze the dynamics of a reaction-diffusion equation with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a dumbbell domain. We provide an appropriate functional setting to treat this problem and, as a first step, we show in this paper the continuity of the set of equilibria and of its linear unstable manifolds. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Numerical study of circulation on the inner Amazon Shelf

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

QTL identification for tolerance to fruit set in tomato by FAFLP markers

This study aimed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) by fALP (Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) markers associated to the trait tomato fruit set at high temperatures. A biparental cross between line Jab-95 (heat-tolerant) and cultivar Caribe (heat-susceptible) was made. A total of 192 plants of the F2 generation were evaluated, generating 172 polymorphic markers through six primer combinations previously identified by the Bulked Segregant Analysis technique. To construct the genetic map, 106 of the 172 markers that segregated in the expected Mendelian segregation proportion (3:1) were used. The map covered 1191.46 cM of the genome. Six trait-linked QTL were identified in the analysis of simple markers and three others by the interval-mapping methodology. These results could be highly useful in improvement programs, since heat-tolerant plants can be selected rapidly, which improves tomato fruit set.