107 resultados para Desastres ambientais (Influência do homem)
em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"
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For a long time, humankind has lived together with flooding, and lately, those events have grown enormously, in particular, in the urban areas from lots of Brazilian cities. The flooding has been causing uncountable disadvantages to population and to the cities. The present paper aimed to study, through a bibliographic review, the risks and natural disasters caused by those events. Trying to approach their causes and effects under a systemic view it emphasized the landscape point.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Os sistemas ambientais são compostos por elementos e atributos que atuam em sua dinâmica, os quais, ao longo de um dado período de tempo, podem responder às condições naturais ou às imposições antrópicas, sendo que estas últimas podem desencadear modificações no seu equilíbrio natural. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal do trabalho proposto foi identificar e analisar as alterações na dinâmica de ocupação e uso das terras e sua interferência nas características naturais da bacia do Ribeirão Bonito – SP, com ênfase à geomorfologia e hidrografia. A área em questão situa-se junto à baixa bacia do Rio Piracicaba, no Estado de São Paulo, numa área de transição entre a Depressão Periférica Paulista e as Cuestas Basálticas. Para a consolidação do objetivo proposto foram utilizados os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: revisão de literatura referente à temática adotada; caracterização do meio físico e do processo de ocupação da área em estudo; elaboração de mapas geomorfológicos de dois cenários (1962 e 2007) de acordo com as metodologias de Tricart (1965) e Verstappen; Zuidan (1975), adaptados por Cunha (2001); elaboração de mapas de ocupação e uso das terras dos dois períodos (1962 e 2007) utilizando o sistema de classificação do IBGE (2006b) e trabalhos de campo. Para manuseio dos dados e posterior análise dos mesmos, foi utilizada a idéia de sistema ambiental, que se fundamenta na teoria dos sistemas gerais, aplicada a Geografia. Findados os levantamentos, observou-se que o aumento do nível de base local com conseqüente retomada erosiva, assim como a intensa ocupação das terras pela cultura da cana-de-açúcar, foram fatores que condicionaram as alterações geomorfológicas locais, expressas principalmente pela dinâmica erosiva e processos de denudação
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The development of human societies and their activities generate many impacts on the environment and natural resources. The consequence of these problems is a disturbance of the systemic dynamics of Planet Earth. Study these impacts are a way to understand the workings of this system and undertake efforts to prevent minimize and anticipate scenarios caused by environmental impacts. In this sense, from a systemic approach seeks to understand the way how is the interaction of the components of the ecosystems, adopting for this task the hydrographic basin as a natural unit of planning and management in view of the fact all landscape elements (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere) interact so that the reflections of human activities can be represented in this unit. Thus, this study aims to quantify chemical erosion rates in the hydrographic basin of Ribeirao Monjolo Grande, Ipeúna (SP), which is relevant to analyze the geomorphological characteristics of the area, which may serve to better exploitation of natural resources
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Sociedades sustentáveis pressupõem o uso de recursos naturais na medida em que o limite de capacidade de suporte dos sistemas naturais não seja ultrapassado. Neste contexto, o uso de indicadores de sustentabilidade se coloca no importante papel de operacionalização do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável. O método da Pegada Ecológica utiliza a conversão dos fluxos de matéria e energia utilizadas por uma população em áreas biologicamente produtivas para a provisão dos mesmos. No presente estudo, será feita uma aplicação deste método para a cidade de Rio Claro, contabilizando-se os principais itens e serviços consumidos pela população. Pretende-se inferir sobre a sustentabilidade na cidade, através da comparação entre a área apropriada para obtenção dos recursos consumidos e o próprio limite da área do município
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The assessment of land use dynamic can be an instrument for analysis in anthropogeomorphology, which would allow one to verify the human geomorphological actions and its various implications in changing the original morphology for the creation of a human morphology. This study aimed to consider the land use dynamics and its interference in the morphology of Cavalheiro Stream Basin. From this assessment, to understand the implications of land use in the creation of a human morphology, as well as to analyze if the current use is in accordance with the legal restrictions placed by ongoing environmental legislation and with the ability to land use. The chosen of this studied area was due to assumptions raised by Pinton (2007) for changes in the dynamic of rainwater erosion of this area caused by human actions, specially the cultivation of sugar cane in morphologies that are unfit for it. The search took as methodological support the principles that concern the General Systems Theory, trying to see the watershed as an open system. The geomorphological data, of land use and of legal restrictions to the use and occupation of land, were collected from different cartographic techniques. Besides, it was developed a sketch map of land use capacity by adapting the technique proposed by Lepsch (1983). This way, the data obtained in this survey are considered capable to provide subsidies for the identification of changes in original morphology of the Cavalheiro Stream Basin and the genesis of a human morphology, as well as conflicts and adjustments of current land use in environmental system and on the legal restrictions outlined in the ongoing environmental legislation, contributing to a proper environmental planning with the characteristics of the physical environmental system of this basin
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From the twentieth century is witnessing a gradual increase in the debates and issues related to the degradation of nature, making the twenty-first century begins under the aegis of speeches linked to this concept as one of the axes of the concerns of humanity. There are several movements that are related to the degrading way of contemporary society and how we are called upon daily to save and defend nature, from the consumption of sustainable products through environmentally friendly lifestyles. While this may appear to be explicit that the current form of metabolic interaction man / nature in the current historical period of capitalism converges in a bleak scenario, however, there is an ideological and peacemaker convergence between productively and the systematic appeal to the consumption. Given these assumptions could be palpable the question that in the course of human history would be ideological conceptions of nature? Being a true statement what is the conflict present in the ideological struggle over nature with regard to the genesis of modern geography? Would it be overt or covert? These questions lead us to the present study, whose goal is to bring some notes about the ideological conceptions of the nature in human history, culminating in the possible influences upon the institutionalization of Modern Geography
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Different environmental disasters registered around the world and their consequences to nature and to the biodiversity, including the human beings, lead us to deal with nature’s mysteries and with our limits In controlling technological apparatus that make us proud enough to think that we can control nature’s processes. These kinds of experiences, considered as a real “being-event”, make us experiment processes of disillusion related to the possibilities of science and technology. Considering this frame and the historical human experiences, one fundamental question is related to our position, our professional and ethical commitments and our responsibilities facing this reality. How can we deal with these facts that are continuously announcing the limits of nature, of science, technologies and our self-limits? As researchers involved with environmental education, it seems plausible for us to ask about the ethical commitments related to our “acts” of investigation. So, considering different and stimulating possibilities opened by intellectual and philosophers who are adding significant contributions to these debates, my proposal for this essay is to invite environmental education researchers to carry on a dialog involving these questions with some perspectives proposed specially by Bakhtin (1895 – 1975) and some other authors affiliated or not to his approach. This seems to be an opportunity which allows us to realize that our commitments as environmental education researchers would be identified with our commitments with life
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This research aims to analyze the natural fragility of Piracicaba Urban Site, through the analysis of a letter of Fragility Potential obtained through the data crossing the geomorphological cards, Pedologic Slope and use and occupation of the land to be developed during the project. The methodology to be used is that proposed by Ross (1990, 1994) together with the guided ideas Anthropogenic geomorphology, so that the man-made conditions of modification of the relief can be inserted in the final analyzes. The results showed that the Córrego do Enxofre Basin has high fragility of values, it is not a rich area for human occupation