Problemática psicosocial y educacional de los niños marginados

The marginalized children’s psychosocial and educational issues, in this essay, are referred to the theoretical debate upon knowledge development and the possible solutions for those children.This issue will be addressed through the analysis of structures or forms of knowledge organization and from the necessary differentiation of social and individual cognitive development. Basedontheseobjectives, we will analyzethe classical theoriesrelated to cognitive developmentofdisadvantaged children, discussindividual andsocialcognitive developmentand, based on our empirical research, postulatean explanationforthese children’s cognitive development. Finally we will discuss and propose some educational solutions.

SUFENTANIL INTRANASAL COME MEDICACAO PRE-ANESTESICA EM CRIANCAS

Background and objectives: Among the different routes used for the administration of preoperative medication, the intranasal route offers the advantage of a rapid systemic absorption as well as the avoidance of painful intramuscular and intravenous injections. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of sufentanil as a preoperative medication for the reduction of anxiety in pediatric patients in addition to its effects on the children's behaviour during the induction of anesthesia. Methods - Thirty patients whose ages ranged from 1 to 9 years old, physical status ASA 1, submitted to elective surgeries participated in the study and received sufentanil (2 μg.kg-1) by the intranasal route as preoperative medication. Using the modified Doughty index, the anxiety level was evaluated at 3 moments: To upon arrival of the child with parents: T5 and T10, five and ten minutes after the administration of the drug respectively. Behaviour during the induction of anesthesia was also evaluated. Induction of anesthesia was performed thiopental or ketamine. Results - The level of anxiety was not lower ten minutes after the administration of sufentanil and no improvement in the quality of the anesthetic induction was observed. Conclusions - Intranasal sufentanil in the doses used in this study did not prove to be efficient in the reduction of the anxiety level nor did it improve the quality of the induction of anesthesia when the period between the drug administration and separation from the parents was only ten minutes.

Disturbios da comunicacao em criancas de alto risco neonatal

Neonatal high risk children present high incidence for communication disorders and delay development of language. The present study aimed to evaluate the incidence of communication disorders and long term follow up of neonatal high risk children. Twenty-one children were followed up to age of four years old and were evaluated for the development of linguistics aspects. The main high risk neonatal factors were: prematurity, mechanical ventilation, long time in the incubator and severe hypoxia. In 47,62% of the cases, the following communication disorder were found: articulation disorders (9,52%), simple (9,52%) and small and (14,29%) with delay development of language. The incidence of these disorders was greater among male children (57,14%).

Reducao fechada e fixacao percutanea em fraturas supracondilianas do umero em criancas. Estudo retrospectivo de 32 casos

This retrospective study evaluated 32 cases of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children, according to percutaneous crossed Kirschner-wire fixation. Follow-up was performed by radiographs of Baumann's angle and clinical evaluation of joint movement and carrying angle. According to Flynn's criteria, results were satisfactory in all cases, indicating that this method is a safe and efficient method in the treatment of such fractures.

Morfina nasal: Avaliacao da analgesia e dos efeitos colaterais no tratamento da dor pos-operatoria em criancas

Background and Objectives - Postoperative pain is one of the major discomforts but often under treated, especially in the pediatric patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate nasal morphine postoperative analgesia as an alternative drug administration route and show its applicability, effectiveness, tolerability and side effects. Methods - Participated in this study 20 patients aged 3 to 13 years, physical status ASA I and II sequentially submitted the different small and medium-size surgeries. Analgesia was obtained with nasal morphine hydrochloride in aqueous solution in variable concentrations of 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.25% and 0.125%. The dose for each instillation has been 0.1 mg.kg -1 at three-hour intervals for 36 postoperative hours. Quality of analgesia in pre-verbal age patients was evaluated by a pain intensity scale based on facial expression and crying, sleep, motor activity, sociability and food ingestion was used. Standardized evaluations were performed at 3-hour intervals. A four-grade scale was used to evaluate tolerability, where: 1) Good; 2) Regular; 3) Bad; 4) Very bad. Result - Postoperative analgesia results have proven to be good and safe, especially from the third evaluation on (6 hours). Drug tolerability has been good, although side effects were observed, especially nausea and vomiting. Conclusions - Patients and relatives accepted the method very well. The nasal route was considered an adequate way for opioid administration although more studies are needed to accept it as a routine for postoperative morphine analgesia.

Complicacoes respiratorias em criancas submetidas a anestesia geral

Background and Objectives - The decision to perform anesthetic and surgical procedures in children with upper airway infeccious disease, due to the possibility of intraoperative respiratory morbidity, has been a dilemma for anesthesiologists. This study aimed at evaluating the incidence of respiratory complications in children submitted to general anesthesia and correlate them to preoperative signs and symptoms related to the respiratory tract, thus determining anesthetic-surgical morbidity. Methods - Participated in this study 284 children, physical status ASA I or II, submitted to general anesthesia. During preoperative evaluation, respiratory signs and symptoms were recorded, as well as types of diseases and corresponding diagnoses. Respiratory complications during anesthesia and in the recovery room were also recorded and analyzed taking into account age, elective or urgent procedure, airway management and presence or absence of signs, symptoms or history of respiratory tract diseases. Results - We found 38% of patients with preoperative respiratory disease history. The most common respiratory disease was upper airway infection. Intraoperative respiratory complications were present in 26.4% of patients. Children under 12 months of age and those with preoperative respiratory disease history had more intraoperative and PACU complications. Conclusions - We concluded that children, specially younger, with respiratory system involvement, like upper airway infections, are at a higher risk of intra and postoperative respiratory complications, thus with an increased incidence of anesthetic-surgical morbidity.

Potencial cognitivo em criancas com transtorno do deficit de atencao com hiperatividade

A literatura tem descrito comorbidades entre os sintomas das crianças com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH) e as alterações de processamento auditivo e tais sintomas têm sido negligenciados na avaliação e, consequentemente, na reabilitação desses indivíduos.OBJETIVO:Comparar os achados do potencial evocado auditivo de longa latência em crianças com e sem TDAH. MÉTODO:Este estudo é de coorte histórica com corte transversal do tipo caso-controle, no qual participaram 30 crianças, com e sem TDAH na faixa etária de 8 a 12 anos. Foi realizado o potencial evocado auditivo de longa latência em duas varreduras, por meio de tarefas passivas diferindo quanto frequência e duração (MMNf e MMNd) e ativas (P300f e P300d). RESULTADOS:Na comparação entre o desempenho das crianças com e sem TDAH no teste de avaliação eletrofisiológica da audição foram observadas diferenças ao nível de significância para a amplitude de P2 da OE, que foi maior para o grupo com TDAH, e para a amplitude e latência de N2, que se mostraram alteradas no grupo com TDAH. CONCLUSÃO:O presente estudo possibilitou maior conhecimento da via auditiva central das crianças com e sem TDAH quando avaliadas a partir de testes eletrofisiológicos.

Afinando diferenças: o processo de construção artística do Coral Cênico Cidadãos Cantantes - 1996-2004

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Olhares de crianças sobre pobreza e raça nas relações escolares

Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT

Centro de atenção psicossocial para usuários de álcool e outras drogas: análises dos conceitos e das práticas no contexto da reforma psiquiátrica e atenção psicossocial

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Identidade marginal na literatura para crianças e jovens: os personagens de Lygia Bojunga

Pós-graduação em Letras - IBILCE

Educar para o desenvolvimento: críticas a esse modelo em consolidação na educação infantil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Aspectos epidemiológicos e estudo dos fatores associados às condições de saúde bucal em residentes no município de Verê-PR

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Visíveis pela violência!: A fragmentação subjetiva do espaço metropolitano

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Direitos humanos e tutela penal: um diálogo marginal

Este livro traz reflexões a partir de ideias e teorias produzidas e difundidas pelo Núcleo de Estudos de Direitos Alternativo (Neda) e pelo Núcleo de Estudos da Tutela Penal e Educação em Direitos Humanos (NETPDH), ligados à Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais da Unesp, em Franca. Ambos os grupos são reconhecidos nos meios acadêmicos do Direito por desenvolverem uma visão crítica acerca de tutela penal, que seria permeada pela seletividade e desproporcionalidade, além de provocar estigmatização, reunindo, assim, traços marcantes do sistema penal brasileiro. De acordo com o prefácio do professor de Direito Penal e Criminologia da Unesp, Paulo César Corrêa Borges, o autor, Roberto Galvão Faleiros Junior, apresenta aqui reflexões da criminologia crítica que estabelecem uma compreensão conjuntural dos sistemas penais (particularmente o do Brasil).Tais reflexões indicam, segundo Borges, proposições concretas para a instrumentalização democrática do direito penal na América Latina, levando em conta os pressupostos materiais, históricos e dialéticos comprometidos com a formulação de concepções a partir das classes subalternas e marginalizadas, mas também com limitações referentes à compreensão dos direitos humanos