329 resultados para Crianças – Conduta
em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC
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The origins of the fairy tales are lost in the past but these tales are, even today, great teaching instruments because they relate to language development, creativity, social relations, and especially with the internalization of values and behavior patterns. According to Bettelheim (1980), fairy tales assure the children that the difficulties can be overcome, no matter how insignificant they feel. In this sense, these tales are power tools. We understand that fairy tales - and their characters - have the power to influence their readers/listeners. Therefore, this study considered four fairy tales in which the protagonists are children and remain as children all though the narratives: Little Red Riding Hood, Hansel and Gretel Snow White and Rose Red and Thumbling, from Grimm Tales, translated into Portuguese by David Jardim Junior and published in 2008 by Itatiaia. We sought investigate how the children characters of these stories act, leveraging a reflection grounded on the image of children that emerge from the selected tales - images that have been registered in the first decades of the nineteenth century by the Brothers Grimm in their Children's and Household Tales - enabling the identification of the kinds of behavior that they perform and the values they embody, thus contributing to a better understanding of the models that these characters offer to the twenty-first century's children. Our research has a qualitative approach of bibliographic nature, mainly grounded in the ideas of Bettelheim (1980) and Ariès (1981). We found that there is a shortage of studies on the tales collected/maintained by the Brothers Grimm, although these stories have become classics of universal children's literature and continue, cradling the imagination of Western children in the twenty-first century. We also verified that there are very few studies exploring the representation of children in fairy tales and children's literature...
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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OBJETIVOS: descrever os achados do exame de potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico (PEATE) de crianças de um programa de triagem auditiva neonatal e analisar a diferença de gênero e a interferência da idade nas medidas da latência das ondas do PEATE. MÉTODOS: para tal foram avaliadas 41 crianças com idade entre um a nove meses, referenciadas de um Programa de Triagem Municipal ao Centro de Estudos de Educação e Saúde (CEES) na cidade de Marília, SP no ano de 2010. RESULTADOS: foi observado resultado normal em 31 (75,6%) e alterado em 10 (24,4%) pacientes. Nesses últimos foram observadas alterações principalmente do tipo condutiva unilateral e bilateral. Observou-se também que a medida que a idade aumenta a latência das ondas diminui numa correlação inversa. CONCLUSÕES: o diagnóstico das crianças deste Programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal foi precoce. Os resultados do PEATE poderão servir de referência para outros estudos deste âmbito. O PEATE nesta população permite um melhor direcionamento da conduta e intervenção e aconselhamento específico aos familiares.
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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O desenvolvimento da moral na criança inicia-se muito cedo, na medida em que vivencia experiências sociomorais. Piaget observou num jogo infantil fases do desenvolvimento moral relativos à prática e a consciência da regra, a partir das quais é possível fazer uma analogia com toda a sociedade. A escola é um espaço privilegiado para manifestações de caráter eminentemente morais, podendo assim influenciar significativamente no desenvolvimento moral dos sujeitos. Uma prática comum nesse sentido é o estabelecimento de combinados de regras nas classes de Educação Infantil. Assim objetivou-se neste trabalho estudar como essa forma de construção de regras tem se constituído. Para tanto se realizaram observações sistemáticas em duas salas de aula em escolas públicas em um município do interior de São Paulo (em que se implantou o PROEPRE) e se aplicou questionário às professoras a fim de caracterizá-las enquanto sujeitos de pesquisa. Tais observações ocorreram entre fevereiro e maio de 2009, em momentos distintos da rotina de cada classe. Os dados coletados nos permitiram concluir que o tempo de experiência e formação dos sujeitos não se constituíram necessariamente em fatores relevantes para o tipo de trabalho desenvolvido com relação à construção de regras em suas salas de aula. Concluímos também que a maneira com que os professores conduziram a construção de regras com seus alunos não contribuiu significativamente para o desenvolvimento moral das crianças e para a superação da heteronomia e egocentrismo infantil segundo o referencial piagetiano
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In regards to the context of the schooling for less the most favored, the school did not appear as intellectual instrument, and yes as prerequisite to take care of to the new requirements of the work market that if modernized the great social changes together with. The school, in turn, if puts in charge them to know scientific, and, for times, them norms of effective behavior in the society and the familiar group, them feelings and moral values, in a transposition of the “cultural capital” and it “capital stock” that passed by generations. This work, therefore, had as objective to study the expectations of schooling of the child in pertaining to school age, in the universes of the family and the school, from the speech of the agents of this process (parents, responsible, professors and the children) and of some practical educative referring to the schooling of the child, leaving of estimated of that the school is a democratic space, with equality of rights and the duties. Mediated for cultural a historical boarding, one searched to interpret the pertaining to school and familiar context of the participants, by means of a counterpoint with the studied bibliography, being this presented throughout the work. The research was of qualitative character, the data had been collected by means of comment in two classrooms, one of the third and one of the room year. Half-structuralized interviews had been made, that had been recorded e, later, transcribing. The environment of the research was a public school of the basic education of a city of the interior of the State of São Paulo, that received children proceeding from families of the urban popular classrooms. The results of the analysis of the data point that the professors present a vision of ideal model of family and pupil that does not correspond to the reality of the context of these and of the new nomenclatures of the familiar order... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC
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In order to accomplish this article, it was necessary to schematize and to problematize how child/childhood concept along the centuries made their use possible by specialized speeches (namely: medical and pedagogic, mainly) in many different historical extracts. Looking at child/childhood, examining them, transforming them into knowledge and tutor bodies/object, countless attempts in disciplining their gestures and consequent institution of subjective processes will be some steep lines in this article. That will be done in order to evidence the existence of what is nowadays so called child/childhood, and that today is the target of specialists’ speeches that, in our analysis, when leaning over childhood, would dictate norms behavior for the children, limiting them and restricting them.
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Notes on the psychological practices developed in social work entities that serve poor children and adolescents We understand that psychology, along with Pedagogy is part of the assumptions that compose the multidisciplinary field that comprises the socioeducative action of social work entities that serve poor children and adolescents considered in “personal and social risk”. What kinds of Psychology practices could be found in these institutions? We find evidence that the age minority logic still in force in many social work entities - that implement predominantly disciplinary and repressive, correctional and shaping forms of care, - dispense with psychology as a social transformation practice. When we find professional psychologists in social work entities, it is not uncommon for them to develop extremely traditional, psychotherapeutic, patologization actions for the individual, and to promote actions of orthopedic behavior, and therefore they may be called "technicians of conduct." This psychology is not aligned with the citizen and empowering perspective proposed by the Statute of Children and Adolescent, based on the fundamental concept of the social subject of rights.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Purpose: Describe the initial clinical management and therapeutic monitoring dispensed for newborns diagnosed with congenital syphilis at birth and as of the high public hospitals in the Federal District, Brazil. Methods: Collected informations from the initial clinical management and continuity of care accorded to 81 newborns diagnosed with congenital syphilis reported to the National System of Diseases of Notification in 2008. Results: The hemogram occurred in 46.9%, and radiological long bone in 81.4%. Four children (4.9%) followed up according to the protocol of the Ministry of Health in relation to bi-monthly follow- -up until 12 months of age was 93.8% of cases ignored and found no record of complete follow-up at 18 months old of age. Conclusions: The initial clinical management and therapeutic follow-up of newborns with congenital syphilis in the Federal District is not carried out adequately and does not accordance with the guidelines set by the Ministry of Health.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar a forma como as primeiras informações relativas à psicanálise de crianças foram introduzidas no Brasil, bem como delinear como estas idéias foram apropriadas pelos teóricos nacionais e incorporadas nas práticas de assistência à criança desenvolvidas no País nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Para isto foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa histórica de natureza qualitativa, mediante a realização de um levantamento bibliográfico que buscou identificar a produção de autores nacionais sobre psicanálise de crianças entre as décadas de 1920 a 1950. Os resultados indicam que a inserção da psicanálise de crianças no país ocorreu por duas vias: primeiramente através da educação, mediante a utilização deste referencial teórico com o intuito de melhor gerir a educação das crianças e solucionar seus problemas escolares; e, posteriormente, por intermédio da medicina, mediante o desenvolvimento de uma prática psicoterápica destinada ao tratamento de crianças com transtornos emocionais.