Approximate solution for non-Darcy transient film condensation in a porous medium

The problem of non-darcian transient film condensation adjacent to a vertical flat plate embedded in a porous medium has been considered. The governing equation for the boundary layer thickness was obtained by an integral method and solved approximately by the method of integral relations. It is shown that the results are in good agreement with those obtained exactly by the method of characteristics.

Approximate solution for non-darcy transient film condensation in a porous medium

The problem of non-darcian transient film condensation adjacent to a vertical flat plate embedded in a porous medium has been considered. The governing equation for the boundary layer thickness was obtained by an integral method and solved approximately by the method of integral relations. It is shown that the results are in good agreement with those obtained exactly by the method of characteristics.

Caracterização química e estudo térmico de lodos provenientes da estação de tratamento de esgotos de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Approximations for the generalized temperature integral: a method based on quadrature rules

The generalized temperature integral I(m, x) appears in non-isothermal kinetic analysis when the frequency factor depends on the temperature. A procedure based on Gaussian quadrature to obtain analytical approximations for the integral I(m, x) was proposed. The results showed good agreement between the obtained approximation values and those obtained by numerical integration. Unless other approximations found in literature, the methodology presented in this paper can be easily generalized in order to obtain approximations with the maximum of accurate.

Efeito do processamento da soja integral sobre a energia metabolizável e a digestibilidade dos aminoácidos para aves

Essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida para se avaliar o valor nutricional da soja integral submetida a diferentes processamentos. Quatro ensaios de metabolismo foram conduzidos para determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca (CDMS), do extrato etéreo (CDEE) e dos aminoácidos e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente e verdadeira da soja integral desativada (SID) e extrusada (SIE) e das misturas de farelo de soja com óleo degomado de soja (FSO) ou com óleo ácido de soja (FSOA). Nos ensaios um e dois, utilizou-se a metodologia tradicional de coleta total de excretas com pintos e galos, respectivamente. A metodologia da alimentação forçada com galos adultos intactos foi utilizada no ensaio três, e com galos cecotomizados, no ensaio quatro. Os CDMS e CDEE e a energia metabolizável determinados com galos foram superiores aos determinados com pintos. Os maiores valores de CDMS, CDEE e de energia metabolizável foram obtidos para FSO, seguidos pelos da SIE e FSOA, e os menores, para a SID. O processo de extrusão proporcionou melhores resultados no aproveitamento da gordura do grão de soja e, conseqüentemente, da energia. Entretanto, a digestibilidade dos aminoácidos não foi influenciada pelos processamentos. Os diferentes processamentos conferiram à soja integral características nutricionais que se distinguiram, principalmente quanto ao valor de energia metabolizável, que também variou com a idade das aves.

Proportional controllers: Direct method for stability analysis and MATLAB implementation

In most cases, the cost of a control system increases based on its complexity. Proportional (P) controller is the simplest and most intuitive structure for the implementation of linear control systems. The difficulty to find the stability range of feedback systems with P controllers, using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, increases with the order of the plant. For high order plants, the stability range cannot be easily obtained from the investigation of the coefficient signs in the first column of the Routh's array. A direct method for the determination of the stability range is presented. The method is easy to understand, to compute, and to offer the students a better comprehension on this subject. A program in MATLAB language, based on the proposed method, design examples, and class assessments, is provided in order to help the pedagogical issues. The method and the program enable the user to specify a decay rate and also extend to proportional-integral (PI), proportional-derivative (PD), and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers.

Dynamic stationary response of reinforced plates by the boundary element method

A direct version of the boundary element method (BEM) is developed to model the stationary dynamic response of reinforced plate structures, such as reinforced panels in buildings, automobiles, and airplanes. The dynamic stationary fundamental solutions of thin plates and plane stress state are used to transform the governing partial differential equations into boundary integral equations (BIEs). Two sets of uncoupled BIEs are formulated, respectively, for the in-plane state ( membrane) and for the out-of-plane state ( bending). These uncoupled systems are joined to formamacro-element, in which membrane and bending effects are present. The association of these macro-elements is able to simulate thin-walled structures, including reinforced plate structures. In the present formulation, the BIE is discretized by continuous and/or discontinuous linear elements. Four displacement integral equations are written for every boundary node. Modal data, that is, natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes of reinforced plates, are obtained from information contained in the frequency response functions (FRFs). A specific example is presented to illustrate the versatility of the proposed methodology. Different configurations of the reinforcements are used to simulate simply supported and clamped boundary conditions for the plate structures. The procedure is validated by comparison with results determined by the finite element method (FEM).

A SIMPLE NUMERICAL-METHOD FOR HYDROSTATIC INCOMPRESSIBLE MODELS WITH RIGID LIDS

A simple and easily implemented method is developed to keep the vertical velocity equal to zero at the bottom and top of hydrostatic incompressible numerical models. The pressure is computed at the top by correcting its value given in the previous time step so that the vertical integral of the horizontal divergence is zero at each column. Numerical experiments that exhibit small time variations of pressure at the top are able to simplify the algorithm and save computer time. Numerical simulations illustrate the method effectiveness for a horizontal deformation-induced frontogenesis.

Evaluating residues and integrals through negative dimensional integration method (NDIM)

The standard way of evaluating residues and some real integrals through the residue theorem (Cauchy's theorem) is well-known and widely applied in many branches of Physics. Herein we present an alternative technique based on the negative dimensional integration method (NDIM) originally developed to handle Feynman integrals. The advantage of this new technique is that we need only to apply Gaussian integration and solve systems of linear algebraic equations, with no need to determine the poles themselves or their residues, as well as obtaining a whole class of results for differing orders of poles simultaneously.

Building roof contour extraction from LiDAR data

This paper proposes a method for the automatic extraction of building roof contours from a LiDAR-derived digital surface model (DSM). The method is based on two steps. First, to detect aboveground objects (buildings, trees, etc.), the DSM is segmented through a recursive splitting technique followed by a region merging process. Vectorization and polygonization are used to obtain polyline representations of the detected aboveground objects. Second, building roof contours are identified from among the aboveground objects by optimizing a Markov-random-field-based energy function that embodies roof contour attributes and spatial constraints. Preliminary results have shown that the proposed methodology works properly.

Avaliação de usuários da atenção básica sobre a implantação de protocolo de assistência integral odontológica

Objective: To evaluate the perception of basic attention healthcare users as to the implantation of the Integral Dental Assistance Protocol (PAIO, in Portuguese) and the effect of this program on the oral health condition, oral hygiene, access to and resolubility of the service, in a public basic health unit of João Pessoa-PB. Method: The sample was composed of 32 volunteers, for whom a sixphase intervention was programed: diagnosis of dental needs; resolution of urgencies; restorative interventions; application of promotional measures; evaluation of the health level obtained; and periodic follow-up visits. Data were collected by means of a semistructured interview and a questionnaire, applied before and after PAIO implantation. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed according to the content analysis technique. The effect of PAIO implantation was evaluated by using an increasing scoring system ranging from 1 to 10. The Wilcoxon test was applied with a confidence level of 95%. Results: For the participants that attended the PAIO (n=20), the program contributed to improve oral health condition (100%) and knowledge (100%). The users reported satisfaction (n=12) and had a positive evaluation (n=12), achieved by means of the improvement of oral health condition (n=8), faster and easier access to treatment (n=7), scheduling of dental appoints and warrant of being treated (n=6), welcoming (n=5), motivation for oral care (n=5), and perspective of continuity of PAIO (n=6). The initial evaluation of the users received scores between 5.7 and 7.6. After PAIO implantation, the users' perception was improved (p<0.01), with scores between 9.6 and 9.9. Conclusion: According to the users, the implantation of PAIO contributed to the qualification of health service and oral health care, being a favorable aspect to increase the access to and resolubility of the service.

Digestibilidade da soja semi-integral extrusada para leitões na fase inicial

Two assays were conducted to determine the coefficients of digestibility (CD) and the digestible nutrients (DN) of the extruded semi-whole soybean (Assay 1 conventional feeding and Assay 2 feeding for sows, starting at 109 days of pregnancy and during the lactation and for lactating piglets and in the initial phase, with rations without soybean meal). Each assay was divided into two phases (32 and 50 days of age). Eight piglets weaned at 25 days of age were used. Total feces collection method was used. The following variables were analyzed in feed and in feces: dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber and gross energy. The following average values were obtained: CDDM 88.87%; CDCP 86.81%; CDEE 85.41%; CDCF 78.22%; CDGE 80.21% and CMDE 95.71%, which allowed the calculation of the digestible nutrients: DDM 81.28%; DP 34.49%; DEE 14.02%; DF 4.49%; DEa 4087.86 kcal/kg and MEa 3912.73 kcal/kg. The different coefficients of digestibility were not affected by the differential feeding for sows and piglets nor by the different ages of the animals. Moreover, the extruded semi-whole soybean presented good levels of DN, concerning mainly the digestible and metabolizable energy.

Estudo de campo elétrico em linha de transmissão utilizando o método dos elementos de contorno

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Patch-based local histograms and contour estimation for static foreground classification

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Diagnóstico dos casos de aprovação nas disciplinas de cálculo diferencial e integral I e II do curso de licenciatura em química - Unesp de Araraquara

Studies show that the disciplines of differential and integral calculus have high failure rates in all schools where they are present and, although this problem has been accentuated in recent years, it is not a local phenomenon. It's observed since 1970s in various Institutions of higher education in Brazil. These studies seek to understand the causes of failures and proposals for teaching methodology that aims to help reduce these rates. However, there is a large contingent of students who are successful at the first time that they perform these disciplines. And these cases, although they have not been studied, can contribute greatly to the understanding the aspects that are related to learning of them. And this understanding can lead to attitudes and learning and teaching methodologies that promote the expansion of this success. The fact that these subjects also have high failure rates in the Degree in Chemistry of this Institute, this study aimed to investigate the factors that were relevant to the cases for approval of the students performed for the first time. For this we constructed a questionnaire containing objective questions and open answers. The objective sought to diagnose the profile of these students with regard to age, gender, basic education (elementary and middle school), study habits, concurrent activities, among others. These questions were analyzed using simple statistics. The open-ended questions asked students to indicate that they attribute the success obtained in the disciplines and to suggest modes of study. These questions were analyzed using thematic categorization, a method of content analysis. This questionnaire was completed, voluntarily and without identification, by students who have passed the first time attended the courses Calculus I and/ or Calculus II and had never started another college prior to this. The results indicate that the most relevant factors in this process were dedication and correct habits...