Fisiologia, concepções médicas e o estatuto da medicina em Descartes

Notre intention est montrer comment les conceptions médicales de Descartes, disséminées dans ses oeuvres et dans sa correspondance, se sont constituées a partir de deux questions fondamentales posées par le philosophe: 1 - comment fonctionne-t-il notre organisme; 2 - quel est-t-il la nature du corps animal et, en particulier, du corps humain.

O regimento do corpo em Portugal no século XV

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Da receita à paixão: a mise en abyme em Clarice Lispector

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

O Mal-estar no Trabalho: a culpa como mal-estar e a culpa do mal-estar

The present work is a reflexive-theoretically research that intends, by the light of Psychoanalytic and Freudo-Marxim theories, to think about the work malaise - effect of a repressive civilization -, and the sublimation possibilities, in the context of the discussions about the conflict individual-civilization. The work favors the essential thing for the human race's representations. Current researches indicate the importance of thinking the work in the process physical and mental health/illness, as well as the subjectivity of the human race in the present time. However, the organizations of work, using reductionist views, with the psychiatric-medical Knowledge/power as accomplice, have a tendency to disregard their responsibilities in the "production" of the illnesses in the workers. Freud, by the neurosis's understanding, showed that in the individual-civilization conflict the first one pays a high price: the constant malaise (the guilt as malaise). While who detains the guilt, in the social sense of the word (the guilt of malaise), is the human culture, intermediated by the organizations, defenders of the minority's interests that hold the manners of production/exploration. According to Freud, the growth of the feeling of guilt is inevitable, considering the necessity of the drives repression to cultural progress through displeasure work. However, Reich and Marcuse theorize an exit for the Freudian pessimism about the conflict between the individual and the civilization. Freud didn't consider properly the nature socio-historical of the Reality Principle, understanding it like universal. Therefore, the level of repression would have a specific socio-economic class: surplus value for a minority and more repression for the great mass. A less repressive Reality Principle might provide a fair progress of the humanity. It's in the list of discussion the possibility of the work in social and psychological conditions that allow the reduction of worker's malaise in the civilization's breast.

Phylogeography and Pleistocene demographic history of the endangered marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) from the Rio de la Plata Basin

The marsh deer is the largest neotropical cervid with morphological and ecological adaptations to wetlands and riparian habitats. Historically, this now endangered species occupied habitats along the major river basins in South America, ranging from southern Amazonia into northern Argentina to the Parana river delta. This particularly close association with wetlands makes marsh deer an excellent species for studying the effects of Pleistocene climatic changes on their demographic and phylogeographic patterns. We examined mitochondrial DNA variation in 127 marsh deer from 4 areas distributed throughout the Rio de]a Plata basin. We found 17 haplotypes in marsh deer from Brazil, Bolivia and Argentina that differed by 1-8 substitutions in a 601 bp fragment of mitochondrial control region sequence, and 486 bp of cytochrome b revealed only 3 variable sites that defined 4 haplotypes. Phylogeny and distribution of control region haplotypes suggest that populations close to the Pantanal area in central Brazil underwent a rapid population expansion and that this occurred approximately 28,000-25,000 years BP. Paleoclimatic data from this period suggests that there was a dramatic increase for precipitation in the medium latitudes in South America and these conditions may have fostered marsh deer's population growth.

Estudio de la compactación de un Ferralsol manejado con un sistema de no laboreo en Selvíria (MS, Brasil)

No tillage management is widely used by the Brazilian farmers and technicians like a soil conservation system, which reduces the soil losses by water erosion, increasing the infiltrated and stored water in soil, warranting environmental sustainability. No-tillage system does not invert the soil; it causes the creation of a compacted layer. The samples were taken in the agricultural year 2005/2006 in an Oxisoil at Selviria (MS/Brazil). The tillage management in the last 15 years was no-tillage system with crop rotation (maize -Zea mays L./bean - Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The analyzed soil physical properties were bulk density (BS), gravimetric water content (U) and mechanical resistance to penetration (RP) at three depths: 0-0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 m and 0.20-0.30 m. The samples were taken in a mesh with 117 sampled points covering an area of 0.16 ha. It was investigated the existence of compacted soil layer, using the mechanical resistance to penetration to 0.60 m depth with soil water content at field capacity. The data shows low coefficient of variation, except the resistance penetration data. Bulk density and gravimetric water content has a normal distribution. Only resistance to penetration at 0.10-0.20 m depth layer has a normal distribution. The correlation between different properties was low. The bulk density increases with depth; the increase of the values of soil bulk density are consistent with data in other papers, indicating there are not compaction problems for the crop development at the study area. Most of the values of resistance to penetration are lower than 2 MPa, being this value restrictive for root development. The analysis of resistance to penetration profile 0 to 0.60 m shows a compacted layer between 0.20-0.30 m. This compacted layer was caused by the conventional tillage system used at this area before the use of no-tillage system. The soil bulk density has higher values at the upper area, that it shows higher values of soil compaction. Although the values of bulk density and resistance to penetration are high, the area does not show great problems of soil compaction.

Planeamiento y análisis integral del paisaje de la cuenca hidrográfica del río buenavista provincia de Manabí-Ecuador para la implementación de políticas de incentivos a la restauración de ecosistemas con fines de conservación (programa socio Bosque-Ecuador)

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

The endangered species Brycon orbignyanus: genetic analysis and definition of priority areas for conservation

Currently, biodiversity is threatened by several factors often associated with human population growth and the extension of areas occupied by human activity. In particular, freshwater fish fauna is affected by overfishing, deforestation, water pollution, introduction of exotic species and habitat fragmentation promoted by hydroelectric dams, among other environmental impact factors. Several action plans to preserve ichthyofauna biodiversity have been adopted; however, these plans frequently cover only a small number of species, and decisions are often made without strong scientific support. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic aspects of wild groups of Brycon orbignyanus, an endangered fish species, using microsatellites and D-loop regions to identify the genetic structure of the samples and to establish priority areas for conservation based on the genetic patterns of this species. The results indicated that the samples showed levels of genetic variability compatible with others studies with Neotropical fishes. However, the results obtained in the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) for microsatellites (F (ST) = 0.258) and D-loop (F (ST) = 0.234) and the interpopulation fixation index revealed that B. orbignyanus was structured in different subpopulations in the La Plata River basin; the areas with better environmental conditions also showed subgroups with higher rates of genetic variability. Future conservation actions addressing these sites should consider two different management units: the complex formed by the Ivinhema River, Upper Parana, Camargo Port and Ilha Grande groups; and the complex formed by the Verde River and Sucuriu River groups.