Determination of fluquinconazole, pyrimethanil, and clofentezine residues in fruits by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection

A simple method was developed for the determination of fluquinconazole, pyrimethanil, and clofentezine in whole fruit; peel; and pulp of mango, apple, and papaya. These compounds were extracted from fruit samples with a mixture of ethyl acetate-n-hexane (1 + 1, v/v). An aliquot (2 mL) of the extract was evaporated to near dryness under a stream of nitrogen, and the residue was dissolved with 2 mL methanol. The analysis was performed by means of liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm using a gradient solvent system. The method was validated with fortified fruit samples at concentration levels of 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.50 mg/kg. Average recoveries (4-8 replicates) ranged from 80 to 95% with relative standard deviations between 3.5 and 12.7%. Detection limits ranged from 0.03 to 0.05 mg/kg for fruit pulp and 0.03 mg/kg for whole fruit. The quantitation limits ranged from 0.05 to 0.10 mg/kg for fruit pulp and 0.05 mg/kg for whole fruit. The analytical method was applied to fruit samples obtained from local markets.

A simplified procedure for determination of clofentezine residues in fruits by liquid chromatography with UV detection

A rapid and sensitive method is described for the determination of clofentezine residues in apple, papaya, mango and orange. The procedure is based on the extraction of the sample with a hexane:ethyl acetate mixture (1:1, v/v) and liquid chromatographic analysis using UV detection. Mean recoveries from 4 replicates of fortified fruit samples ranged from 81% to 96%, with coefficients of variation from 8.9% to 12.5%. The detection and quantification limits of the method were of 0.05 and 0.1 mg kg-1, respectively.

Seletividade de agroquímicos ao ácaro predador Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Testes de efeito adverso de agroquímicos sobre Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae) foram conduzidos em laboratório, utilizando o método residual de contato com pulverização em superfície de vidro. Foram testados 42 produtos químicos, a maioria utilizada na citricultura brasileira. A mortalidade e o efeito dos produtos na reprodução do ácaro foram avaliados diariamente durante oito dias. Os produtos foram classificados quanto ao efeito total causado ao ácaro (combinação da mortalidade e efeito na reprodução) em quatro classes de toxicidade propostas pela IOBC/WPRS. Os resultados mostraram que cerca de 26% dos produtos testados foram inócuos (captan, clofentezine, fenbutatin oxide, fosetyl, hexythiazox, hidróxido de cobre, naled, oxicloreto de cobre, óxido cuproso e tetradifon), 14% levemente nocivos (abamectin, chlorothalonil, sulfato de cobre, thiophanate-methyl (PM) e ziram), 7% moderadamente nocivos (enxofre, parathion-methyl e thiophanate-methyl (SC)) e 52% nocivos ao ácaro (acrinathrin, amitraz, azinphos-ethyl, azocyclotin, benomyl, bifenthrin, bromopropylate, carbaryl, carbosulfan, chlorfenapyr, cyhexatin, dicofol, fenpropathrin, fenpyroximate, mancozeb, óleo mineral e vegetal, phosmet, propargite, quinomethionate, triazophos, e vamidothion).

Desenvolvimento e aplicação de métodos para análise de resíduos dos fungicidas Pirimetanil, Procloraz e Fluquinconazol e dos acaricidas Clofentezina e Cihexatina em frutas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)