Lemongrass and citral effect on cytokines production by murine macrophages

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of different drying temperatures on the amount of essential oils and citral content in Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. - Poaceae

Studies were conducted to show the effect of different temperatures in the drying process on the amount and quality of essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. Leaves were harvested in the experimental field of the Agronomical Sciences College, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil in September, 1996. Blades of the leaves were cut in small parts (about 1-1,5 cm length), dried for several days at 30°, 50°, 70° and 90°C, until establishment of the weights. In the following process a hydrodistillation, during 2.5 hours, by Clevenger apparatus, was subsidized to extract the essential oils. A higher amount of oil could clearly be collected with the lower drying temperatures, except at 30°C, affected by fungus growing. Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhyzopus sp., Cladosporium sp., Trichoderma sp. and Alternaria sp. were observed in the leaves. The analysis of the oil by GC-MS showed the variation of citral concentration of the treatments (86,1 to 95,2%). The results proved it is worthwhile to spend more time and effort in the production process using longer times of careful drying.

Effect of growth regulators in citral content in lemongrass in different seasons (in Portuguese)

The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators in yield citral content in lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf), in different seasons. The field experiment was conducted on Sao Manuel Experimental Farm, Agronomical Science College, Paulista Estatal University, Botucatu, Brazil, which soil was classified in alic yellon red latosol (Haplorthox). Plants were randommly assigned blocks to treatments with three repetitions. The experimental groups consisted of GA3 (50 and 100 mg.l-1);Ethrel (100 and 200 mgl-1); CCC (500 and 1000 mg.l-1); Alar 85 (1000 and 2000 mg.l-1); Accel (20 and 40 mg.l-1) and control group. Five applications of plant growth regulators were realized every other three months. After 40 days of each foliar spray, the plants were cut and determined the citral yield. The essential oils were extracted from leaf tissue by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus. Samples of 250g of leaf and put in Clevenger apparatus with deionized water for 3h to determine the yield of essential oil. The citral content was analyzed by GC. In the present study the concentrations of plant growth regulators used did not increase citral content.

Ação moduladora do citral e eugenol em eventos genéticos em magrófagos murinos in vitro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Citral: A monoterpene with prophylactic and therapeutic anti-nociceptive effects in experimental models of acute and chronic pain

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Citral and eugenol modulate DNA damage and pro-inflammatory mediator genes in murine peritoneal macrophages

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ação antiúlcera do citral em modelos experimentais in vivo: análise do envolvimento do óxido nítrico, muco aderido e grupamentos sulfidrílicos na proteção da mucosa

As úlceras gástricas, além de representarem eventos patológicos comuns na clínica médica, são atualmente consideradas importantes desafios para a terapêutica, à medida que o tratamento e/ou prevenção dessa doença ainda apresentam limitações, como os efeitos adversos e a baixa qualidade de cicatrização. Outro grande problema é a difícil acessibilidade às terapias disponíveis pela população de baixa renda, devido ao seu alto custo. Considerando a problemática abordada, e levando em consideração que estudos têm mostrado que terpenóides têm apresentado atividade antiúlcera bastante significativa, propusemos investigar o efeito gastroprotetor do monoterpeno Citral em úlceras gástricas experimentais induzidas tanto por etanol quanto por antiinflamatórios não esteroidais (utilizando a Indometacina como agente indutor das ulcerações), bem como avaliar seu efeito cicatrizante. O Citral mostrou ser gastroprotetor frente ao agente lesivo etanol, a partir da dose de 25 mg/kg, em uma relação dose-dependente quando administrado oralmente, sendo mais potente do que a Carbenoxolona, utilizada como controle positivo, a partir de uma dose duas vezes menor [dose de 50 mg/kg, na qual o Citral apresentou 98 % de proteção em relação ao controle negativo (Tween 80 a 8%), contra 85 % de proteção proporcionada pela Carbenoxolona na dose de 100 mg/kg]. No entanto, no modelo de indução de úlceras gástricas por Indometacina o Citral mostrou um efeito dual, ao passo que em doses intermediárias (25 e 50 mg/kg) apresentou efeito gastroprotetor, e em doses extremas (100 e 200 mg/kg) apresentou uma significativa potencialização das lesões, permitindo assim a hipótese de um possível efeito antiinflamatório e/ou antinociceptivo nessas doses. Também foi verificado seu efeito cicatrizante na dose de 25 mg/kg, sendo tão eficaz quanto o Lansoprazol (controle positivo)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Avaliação do efeito do citral na dor neuropática e na inflamação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Composição fitoquímica dos óleos essenciais de folhas de Lippia alba (Mill.)N.E.Br. em diferentes épocas de colheita e partes do ramo

This work aimed to determine the best harvest time for biomass production, yield and essential oil composition considering the seasonal variation (spring, summer, autumn and winter) on different plant parts (apical, medial and basal). Essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation with a Clevenger apparatus for both fresh and dry mass obtained in field and lab conditions respectively. The extracted essential oils were analyzed by GS/MS (Shimadzu, QP-5000). The chemical components were identified by comparing their mass spectrum to the patterns filed in the MS computer memory (Wiley,139,Lib.), to the literature references, and by co-injection with authentic standards. Applying phyto-chemical tests on fresh and dry mass, the chemical component percentages of essential oils were calculated and identified as follows: citral (neral and geranial), myrcene, caryophylene and elemene.

Determination of disease biomarkers in Eucalyptus by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and multivariate data analysis

In this paper is reported the use of the chromatographic profiles of volatiles to determine disease markers in plants - in this case, leaves of Eucalyptus globulus contaminated by the necrotroph fungus Teratosphaeria nubilosa. The volatile fraction was isolated by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-fast quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC. ×. GC-qMS). For the correlation between the metabolic profile described by the chromatograms and the presence of the infection, unfolded-partial least squares discriminant analysis (U-PLS-DA) with orthogonal signal correction (OSC) were employed. The proposed method was checked to be independent of factors such as the age of the harvested plants. The manipulation of the mathematical model obtained also resulted in graphic representations similar to real chromatograms, which allowed the tentative identification of more than 40 compounds potentially useful as disease biomarkers for this plant/pathogen pair. The proposed methodology can be considered as highly reliable, since the diagnosis is based on the whole chromatographic profile rather than in the detection of a single analyte. © 2013 Elsevier B.V..

Análise de crescimento e trocas gasosas de erva-cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britt & Wilson) cultivada em solução nutritiva

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Investigação das propriedades anticariogênicas de óleos essenciais: atividade antimicrobiana e caracterização química

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção de citocinas pró- e anti-inflamatórias por macrófagos estimulados in vitro com própolis, alecrim-do-campo, capim-limão e cravo-da índia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of agrochemicals fipronil and imidacloprid on the learning behavior of Apis mellifera L. honeybees

Agrochemicals on crop cultivated areas is a source of contamination for bees and may cause physiological and behavioral disorders and mortality. The LD50 of the pesticides fipronil and imidacloprid was determined and their effect on the learning behavior of Apis mellifera L. honeybee evaluated. LD50 was determined by the ingestion of contaminated food with different concentrations of insecticide concentrations: Fipronil (0, 0.8, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 µg bee-1) and imidacloprid (0, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05 and 0.025 µg bee-1). The method of proboscis extension reflection (PER) and learning through citral odor evaluated their responses to food stimulation. LD50 obtained were 0.28 ± 0.11 and 0.10 ± 0.04 µg bee-1 for fipronil and imidacloprid, respectively. The PER test showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) although agrochemicals affected the learning of bees. Insecticides fipronil and imidacloprid are extremely harmful to foraging Africanized Apis mellifera bees.