As possíveis relações entre moralidade e perdão em crianças do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental

This research aims to show how children can learn the meaning of forgiveness in order to build their autonomy and moral . Research is essential to support teachers to work morale within the classroom with their students , so that conflicts a re minimized or even eliminated . Through Piagetian clinical method was observed and interviewed students from the first year of elementary school , trying to identify those who can take a perspective other than you r own . All this in order to inve stigate the possibility of these becoming autonomous and can measure th e consequences of their actions . To develop the moral and intellectual autonomy of the students , Piaget (1994 ) shows the importance of children to act properly by choice , not by pres sure punishments or rewards , and that they have the correct answers , not because someone showed you , but because found . Through research , we found that students are able to forgive, but often requiring that the colleague is also punished in some way. Fo r in fact the children act autonomously it is necessary that the school provides situations where they can experience the cooperation , reciprocity, mutual respect , and thus gradually build their autonomy

Etiology of acute diarrhea among children in Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil

Com o objetivo de caracterizar os principais enteropatógenos causadores de diarréia na região de Ribeirão Preto, quanto aos sorogrupos e sorotipos, por um período de 4 anos foram estudadas fezes de 1836 crianças, menores de 10 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, portadoras de gastrenterite aguda no IAL de Ribeirão Preto, SP. Foram pesquisados os seguintes enteropatógenos: Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Campylobacter sp., Yersinia sp., e Cryptosporidium sp., identificados através de metodologia tradicional. Foram positivas 419 (22,8%) amostras, com 1,7% de associação entre enteropatógenos. Houve predomínio na faixa etária de 0 a 11 meses. Destacou-se a E.coli enteropatogênica (EPEC) (8,7%), sendo mais frequente o sorogrupo O119 (40,2%), seguida do gênero Shigella (6,2%), dos quais 63,2% corresponderam à S. sonnei.

Documentação oficial e o mito da educadora nata na educação infantil

O artigo descreve a trajetória, bem como apresenta as conclusões de pesquisa que resultou em dissertação de mestrado em educação, defendida em 1997, cujo objeto de estudo é o profissional que atua na educação infantil em nosso país. As análises levaram à conclusão de que, ao longo da história, tem-se reforçado a imagem do profissional dessa área como sendo a da mulher naturalmente educadora, passiva, paciente, amorosa, que sabe agir com bom senso, é guiada pelo coração, em detrimento da formação profissional. A não-valorização salarial, a inferioridade perante os demais docentes, a vinculação do seu trabalho com o doméstico e a deficiência articulam-se à difusão da figura mitificada, que não consegue desvincular-se das significações que interligam a mãe e a criança.

Early administration of inhaled nitric oxide to children with acute respiratory distress syndrome and its effects on oxygenation and ventilator settings: prospective preliminary report of ten patients

Aim. To establish a protocol for the early introduction of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to assess its acute and sustained effects on oxygenation and ventilator settings.Patients and Methods. Ten children with ARDS, aged 1 to 132 months (median, 11 months), with arterial saturation of oxygen <88% while receiving a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO(2)) 0.6 and a positive end-expiratory pressure of greater than or equal to 10 cm H2O were included in the study. The acute response to iNO was assessed in a 4-hour dose-response test, and positive response was defined as an increase in the PaO2/FiO(2) ratio of 10 mmHg above baseline values. Conventional therapy was not changed during the test. In the following days, patients who had shown positive response continued to receive the lowest iNO dose. Hemodynamics, PaO2/FiO(2), oxygenation index, gas exchange, and methemoglobin levels were obtained when needed. Inhaled nitric oxide withdrawal followed predetermined rules.Results. At the end of the 4-hour test, all the children showed significant improvement in the PaO2/FiO(2) ratio (63.6%) and the oxygenation index (44.9%) compared with the baseline values. Prolonged treatment was associated with improvement in oxygenation, so that FiO(2) and peak inspiratory pressure could be quickly and significantly reduced., No toxicity from methemoglobin or nitrogen dioxide was observed.Conclusion. Administration of iNO to children is safe. iNO causes rapid and sustained improvement in oxygenation without adverse effects. Ventilator settings can safely be reduced during iNO treatment.

Perfil epidemiológico da violência física intrafamiliar: agressões denunciadas em um município do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, entre 2001 e 2005

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Candida spp. biotypes in the oral cavity of school children from different socioeconomic categories in Piracicaba - SP, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

VERIFICATION of THE PRESENCE of CAPSULE GENE SEQUENCES IN NASOPHARYNGEAL ISOLATES of NONTYPEABLE HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE FROM HEALTHY CHILDREN AT A BRAZILIAN DAY CARE CENTER

Cinqüenta e oito cepas de Haemophilus influenzae foram isoladas da nasofaringe de crianças saudáveis que freqüentam uma creche, e através da técnica de Southern blot foi pesquisada nas cepas acapsuladas a presença de seqüências do gene capsular. Sete cepas (12%) caracterizadas sorologicamente como acapsuladas mostraram homologia com seqüências específicas da cápsula. Uma cepa foi caracterizada com uma linhagem H. influenzae tipo b cápsula deficiente.

Human respiratory syncytial virus detection in children admitted at a community hospital in Botucatu, SP, Brazil

O Vírus Respiratório Sincicial Humano (VRSH) é descrito como o mais importante patógeno viral causador de doenças respiratórias agudas das vias respiratórias inferiores em crianças. Neste estudo 84 amostras de crianças com idade abaixo dos dois anos apresentando sintomas de doença respiratória aguda, foram obtidas no período de setembro de 2000 a novembro de 2001. Analise por imunofluorescência indireta e transcrição reversa seguida de PCR, revelou que 18% (15/84) das amostras foram positivas, sendo que em 80% (12/15) dos casos a detecção de VRSH foi observada em crianças abaixo dos seis meses, e também que os subgrupos A e B co-circularam. Estes são os primeiros dados obtidos para a cidade de Botucatu, sendo que a sazonalidade mostrou-se evidente pela maior circulação desse vírus entre os meses de maio e julho

Changes in periodontal conditions of children and adolescents from Araraquara, Brazil: 1995-1998.

The aim of this study was to compare the periodontal conditions in 7-15-year-olds from Araraquara, SP, Brazil in 1998 with data from 1995. A systematic random sample was drawn from the population of children and adolescents enrolled in all public schools in 1998. The survey was conducted by trained examiners using the CPITN and WHO diagnostic criteria. Results showed an increase in the percentage of students of all ages with healthy periodontal conditions (from 14% in 1995 to 33% in 1998; p < 0.01). An increase in the mean number of healthy sextants (from 3.2 to 4.4; p < 0.0001), a decrease in the mean number of bleeding sextants (from 2.5 to 1.2; p < 0.0001) and no difference in the mean number of sextants with calculus were also observed. At the age of 15, 54% of the students had 5-6 healthy sextants in 1998 compared to 19% in 1995 (p < 0.01). Despite the improvement observed in the periodontal conditions, efforts must be increased in order to achieve the WHO goal for the year 2010 of no more than one sextant affected by bleeding or calculus at the age of 15.

Use of dental implants in children: A literature review

The aim of this literature review is to discuss the use of dental implants in growing patients and the influence of maxillary and mandibular skeletal and dental growth on the stability of those implants. It is recommended to wait for the completion of dental and skeletal growth, except for severe cases of ectodermal dysplasia.

Inquérito de saúde: condições de vida e usos de serviços de saúde das mães e crianças de Botucatu-SP, 2001-2002

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)