Clinical feasibility of cognitive testing in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)

Several cognitive tests have been developed to evaluate specific aspects of human and animal learning and memory. These tests have been used for early detection of cognitive deficits and to monitor the treatment of dogs with cognitive impairment. Thus, this article evaluated the feasibility of cognitive tests for use in canine neurology clinical routines and the suitability of the different tests to accomplish this aim. Fifteen healthy adult dogs were used for the cognitive tests of reward approach learning, object approach learning, object discrimination learning, reversal learning, delayed non-matched to position, and delayed non-matched to sample to assess different aspects of memory. No difference was observed between tests of delayed non-matched to position (3.13 +/- 2.23 days) and delayed non-matched to sample (3.20 +/- 2.40 days) (P = 0.944). However, dogs had greater difficulty in reversal learning (8.47 +/- 2.61 days) than in object discrimination learning (4.60 +/- 1.64 days) (P <= 0.001). Based on the tests performed, the delayed non-matched to position test may be performed in clinical routine if the owner and the veterinarian have time available, because this test is sensitive to evaluate dogs with cognitive impairments, but requires approximately 10 days of training. Thus, elderly dogs are excellent experimental models to study pathological aging based on their similarities with some human brain diseases, such as Alzheimer disease. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Otimização de imagens mamográficas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação audiológica em pacientes com doenças reumáticas pediátricas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nível de conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas de São José dos Campos sobre o uso de anti-inflamatórios não esteróides

A prescrição abusiva de medicamentos na odontologia constitui um desafio aos programas de saúde pública que visam corrigir a prescrição inadequada de fármacos. Os anti-inflamatórios não esteróides (AINE) podem alteram a eficácia dos anti-hipertensivos, elevando a pressão arterial, sobretudo em pacientes idosos e/ou com hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS). O objetivo foi avaliar o nível de conhecimentos dos cirurgiões-dentistas (CD) da rede pública da saúde da Prefeitura Municipal de São José dos Campos (PMSJC) sobre a prescrição de AINE a pacientes com HAS. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, realizado por meio de questionário aplicado aos 92 CD da PMSJC. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando-se os testes de Wald e de Fisher. A associação entre as variáveis foi estudada por meio da razão de chances (OR) com p-valor<0,05. Os resultados mostraram que o nível de conhecimento para a prescrição de AINE para pacientes com HAS foi insuficiente e as interações medicamentosas entre AINE e anti-hipertensivos são desconhecidas pela quase totalidade da amostra. Concluiu-se que os cursos de atualização em odontologia não estão suprindo as necessidades dos CD no âmbito da farmacoterapia.

N-acetilcisteína - Ação antioxidante e utilização na clínica de pequenos animais

For a long time, N-acetylcysteine was only used as a mucolytic and as an expectorant agent in the treatment of paracetamol/ acetaminophen intoxication. With the advent of studies on free radicals, antioxidants are gaining prominence and the N-acetylcysteine is amongst them. The objective of this article is to emphazise the farmacological activity of this amino acid in affections in the small animal clinical routine, as well as to show new perspectives of its use in humans, which could, in the future, form the base for similar studies in dogs and cats.

Biochemical profile of the Pêga donkey (Equus asinus) breed: influence of age and sex

Inappropriate reference limits increase the risks of unnecessary investigations and diagnostic failures. Species, breed, environment, handling, and physiologic stage can influence serum biochemical variables. This study aimed to establish serum biochemical reference intervals of Pêga donkeys and the influence of age and sex on these variables. Samples were taken from 110 donkeys (79 females and 31 males; 8 under 1 year, 33 between 1 and 3 years, and 69 over 3 years old). There were no differences for creatine kinase (CK), albumin, urea, and magnesium among age groups. Animals under 1 year old had the lowest aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, triglycerides, total calcium, and chloride means; lower indirect bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and sodium levels than over 3-year-old group and the highest phosphorus, glucose, cholesterol, ionized calcium, and alkaline phosphatase (AP) values. Total protein increased with age. The group from 1 to 3 years had higher potassium than up to 1-year-old group. Animals over 3 years old had the highest means of direct and total bilirubin. ALT, CK, GGT, direct and total bilirubin, urea, triglycerides, sodium, potassium, and chloride levels did not differ between genders. Females had higher AST, total protein, total calcium, and indirect bilirubin levels. Males showed greater AP, albumin, phosphorus, glucose, creatinine, cholesterol, magnesium, and ionized calcium values. Discrepancies among present results and previous studies show influencing factors on biochemical profile of donkeys and reinforce the importance of establishment of specific reference intervals. This study is useful in clinical routine and as basis to other scientific researches with Pêga donkeys. © 2013 Springer-Verlag London.

Otimização de imagem de torax para radiografia computadorizada

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Análise do sistema respiratório dos suínos por radiografia, broncoscopia e toracoscopia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência do tempo e da temperatura de estocagem de amostras de sangue nas variáveis hematológicas de cães portadores de enfermidade renal crônica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento e construção de um fantoma homegêneo de mão para otimização de imagens radiográficas

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Estudo para determinação da kVp em equipamentos de raios X convencional

The quality assurance control program (QACP) in clinical radiology is very important to acquire, image quality, patient dose reduction and cost for the institution. The verification of the real tension on the x ray tube, it is one of many parameters that may be determined on a QACP. This act on image quality as absorbed dose in patient. Once proved the importance of this fact, this study come up with the determination of tension to any X ray tube used on medical routine, on quick, safe and low cost manner. To reach the aim of this study, the methodology consisted on measuring expose rates (ER) using different thicknesses of copper (Cu) plates like filters and relating these results with Half Layer Value (HLV). Afterwards, the HLV was associated to real tension that was acquired with kilo voltage of peak (kVp) measurers used on clinical routine. So walking in this path, when performed the ER, on any X ray tube, it’s possible acquire the HLV and consequently the real kVp, considering measures obtained before, on the methodology of kVp estimative development

Testes de Controle de Qualidade em Sistema de Processamento Computadorizado FUJI

Computed Radiography (CR) is a term used to describe the system that electronically records a radiographic image. CR systems use receivers or IP (imaging plate) to capture the analog signals and then allow the readers to do the image processing and converted into digital information. With the increasing expansion of the CR for medical diagnostics it is necessary that these systems receive the same type of monitoring related to Quality Control and Acceptance to the conventional processing systems. The current legislation fails to specify the parameters and procedures to be tested, allowing that somehow, some equipment is not fully able to use in clinical routine. In this project we used the standard AAPM Report Number 93, which is already fully established outside the country and displays all test parameters in CR. From there were chosen three types of tests that were performed in a satisfactory sampling of IP´s. With this procedure it was possible to establish which of those IP's should be out of use, which reveals the important purpose of the study, demonstrating the need for Quality Control Testing and Acceptance in Computerized Radiography as soon as possible are included in the legislation regulator in the country

Dopplerfluxometria e avaliação morfométrica do fígado, baço, rins e grandes vasos abdominais de onças pardas (Puma concolor) da região Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Animal - FMVZ

Sistema Essix MTM: uma alternativa estética para a movimentação

The increased interest in orthodontics by adults has led companies to develop new treatment alternatives that use less visible and more aesthetic orthodontic appliances. The aesthetic aligners stand out among the treatment options that attend these expectations. This paper presented some relevant aspects of these devices, as well as two cases treated with Essix MTM (Dentsply) system, in which all aesthetic and functional objectives proposed treatment have been achieved. The results of this study support the idea that, when properly indicated, aesthetic aligners are a viable treatment option within the clinical routine of the orthodontist.

Violence against children and adolescents: the importance of knowledge of the spectrum of bruise colors in its diagnosis

Introduction: One of the violence types more observed against children is the physical abuse, which produces many types of traumatic injuries. Contusions are common trauma signs and may indicate aggression when frequently present in locations where accidental injuries are rare. Contusions in skin undergo color changes with the passage of time, and such change in color is called “spectrum of bruise colors of Legrand du Saulle”. Thus, it is possible to estimate the age of the lesion based on the evaluation of color. Injuries caused by child abuse often reach regions of head, face and neck, because they are exposed and easily accessible. Therefore, the dentist is responsible with regard to the diagnosis and the actions to be undertaken against the cases of child abuse. Objective: To present and discuss the significance of the spectrum of bruise colors as a considerable visible trace in suspicion of violence against children and adolescents, during dentists’ clinical routine. Literature review: The study of the “spectrum of bruise colors of Legrand du Saulle” refers to the estimation of the age of the injury, in respect to the color change. The application of this study is of great value for identify if a lesion occurred from a single incident or from multiple incidents, especially in cases where it occurs in the same region of the body, indicative of repetitive trauma. Conclusion: The spectrum of bruise colors is very important for health professionals, such as dentists, for the identification or suspicion of cases of abuse against children and adolescents. As great part of the lesions originated of abuse involve the areas of head and neck, it is unacceptable that these professionals are unaware of the basic signs to help in early diagnosis, which is the case of the colors of the lesions. However, concerning the chronology of the spectrum of bruise colors, it is not possible to establish rigorous times.