Puncture wounds by driftwood catfish during bucket baths: Local habits of riverside people and fish natural history in the Amazon

Objective. - To assess the prevalence of stings by small spiny driftwood catfish (carataí) of the genus Centromochlus (Auchenipteridae) accidentally caught in buckets during bucket bathing by riverside people along the Brazilian Amazon and to determine the probability of catching specimens of these fish during random throws of a bucket into the river. Methods. - We interviewed 27 adult residents living at the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers in Brazil regarding whether or not they had ever been stung by driftwood catfish while bucket bathing. To assess the likelihood of catching catfish in bathing buckets, we randomly threw a typical plastic bucket used for bathing in 4 series of 10 throws into the river at dusk or night around a floating house. Results. - Seventeen of the 27 subjects (63%) reported being injured by driftwood catfish during bucket bathing. Three individuals (17.6%) had been injured 2 to 3 times, totaling 23 puncture accidents. All stings occurred at dusk or early night. In the 4 series of 10 bucket throws, we caught 3 driftwood catfish (in 1 series we did not catch any fish). Thus, the chance of catching a driftwood catfish in a single bucket throw at dusk was slightly less than 10%. Conclusions. - The prevalence of stings by driftwood catfish to people bucket bathing in this section of the Brazilian Amazon is high, partly because of the relatively high chances of catching these small catfish during random throws of a bathing bucket into the river.

Shear bond strength fatigue limit of rest seats made with dental restoratives

Purpose: This study compared the shear bond strength (SBS) to enamel of rest seats made with a glass-ionomer cement (Fuji IX GP Fast), a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (Fuji II LC), and a composite resin (Z100 MP) under monotonic and cyclic loading. Materials and Methods: Rest seats were built up onto the lingual surfaces of 80 intact human mandibular incisors. Specimens (n=10) were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 30 days and subjected to shear forces in a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min) until fracture. The SBS values were calculated (MPa) using the bonding area (9.62 mm2) delimited by adhesive tags. A staircase approach was used to determine the SBS fatigue limit of each material. Specimens were submitted to either 10,000 cycles (5 Hz) or until specimen fracture. A minimum of 15 specimens was tested for each material. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the mode of failure. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (α = 0.05). Results: Z100 MP yielded higher (p < 0.05) SBS (12.25 MPa) than Fuji IX GP Fast (7.21 MPa). No differences were found between Fuji II LC (10.29 MPa) and the other two materials (p > 0.05). Fuji II LC (6.54 MPa) and Z100 MP (6.26 MPa) had a similar SBS limit. Fuji IX GP Fast promoted the lowest (p < 0.05) SBS fatigue limit (2.33 MPa). All samples showed cohesive failure patterns. Conclusion: Fatigue testing can provide a better means of estimating the performance of rest seats made with dental restoratives.

Seletividade do oxyfluorfen para a cultura do pinhão-manso

Realizou-se um experimento para avaliar a seletividade do oxyfluorfen para a cultura do pinhão-manso. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 + 1, sendo duas doses do herbicida (600 e 1.200 g ha-1 do ingrediente ativo), dois modos de aplicação (sobre a planta e sobre o solo) e uma testemunha sem aplicação do herbicida. Após o transplante das mudas para vasos plásticos com 10 litros de solo, os tratamentos foram aplicados com o auxílio de um balde. O oxyfluorfen, quando aplicado sobre as plantas, mostrou-se tóxico nas duas doses testadas, sendo observados sintomas mais intensos nos primeiros dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. Após esse período, as mudas recuperaram o vigor e surgiram novas brotações que não apresentavam sintomas de toxicidade. Esses sintomas consistiram de manchas esbranquiçadas nas folhas, que evoluíram para necrose. Nas mudas em que o herbicida foi aplicado no solo, não foram observados sintomas visuais de toxicidade. Observou-se redução na massa fresca e seca das folhas quando 600 g ha-1 do herbicida foram aplicados sobre a planta ou 1.200 g ha-1 sobre o solo. Contudo, a área foliar e o número de folhas não diferiram significativamente entre as doses utilizadas e os modos de aplicação. Das quatro espécies daninhas semeadas (Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria plantaginea, Sida rhombifolia e Bidens pilosa), apenas Bidens pilosa não foi controlada pelo oxyfluorfen aplicado em pré-emergência.

Avaliação do teste do anel em leite na vigilância epidemiológica da brucelose bovina em rebanhos e em laticínios

Analisaram-se 464 amostras individuais de leite e 54 amostras de leite de latões, oriundos de leite dos mesmos animais, por meio do teste do anel do leite (TAL) visando à sua aplicação no diagnóstico individual e de rebanhos da brucelose bovina. Foram também avaliadas 464 amostras de soro sangüíneo por meio de provas do antígeno tamponado acidificado (ATA), soroaglutinação lenta em tubos (SAL) e 2-mercaptoetanol (2-ME), todas para brucelose. Cento e vinte e três amostras (26,5%) testadas pelo TAL apresentaram resultados positivos. Dessas, 30 resultaram positivas ao ATA, 28 ao ATA, à SAL e ao 2-ME e 18 à SAL. Das amostras positivas ao TAL, 95 pertenciam a animais sorologicamente negativos ao 2-ME, caracterizando 77,2% (95/123) das reações falso-positivas; dos resultados negativos ao TAL, 4 pertenciam a animais sorologicamente positivos, caracterizando 1,2% (4/341) de reações falso-negativas no TAL individual. Das 54 amostras de leite de latões analisadas pelo TAL, 17 foram consideradas positivas, das quais uma foi caracterizada como falso-positivo, pois todos os animais que a compunham foram negativos ao 2-ME. de 37 latões considerados negativos ao TAL, três continham leite de animais positivos ao 2-ME, caracterizando 8,1% de falso-negativos. O TAL individual demonstrou elevado percentual de resultados falso-positivos, enquanto o TAL em amostras de leite obtidas em latões detectou 84,2% de latões contaminados e 75% de rebanhos infectados.

Diet of the maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Mammalia : Canidae), during wet and dry seasons at Ibitipoca State Park, Brazil

Analysis of 141 seats of maned wolf Chrysocyon brachyurus collected in a region of upland forest and meadows of south-eastern Brazil yielded 351 food items in the wet season (60 seats) and 407 in the dry season (81 seats). Scarabaeidae and rodents were the most frequent animal food in both seasons, complemented by birds in the wet season and unidentified mammals in the dry season. Seeds revealed Solanum lycocarpum to be the most frequent plant food in the dry season and an Annonaceae and a Cactaceae the most frequent in the wet season. A total of 33 seed morphospecies were retrieved. Although our results reveal some shared and some divergent trends from dietary studies undertaken in savanna ('cerrado') areas, we found a very high frequency of potentially harmful tourists' garbage. This highlights the necessity for better environmental education and confirms that the maned wolf is a generalist and opportunist omnivore.

Knowledge Representation and Orthophemism: A Reflection Aiming to a Concept

Characteristics of speech, especially figures of speech, are used by specific communities or domains, and, in this way, reflect their identities through their choice of vocabulary. This topic should be an object of study in the context of knowledge representation once it deals with different contexts of production of documents. This study aims to explore the dimensions of the concepts of euphemism, dysphemism, and orthophemism, focusing on the latter with the goal of extracting a concept which can be included in discussions about subject analysis and indexing. Euphemism is used as an alternative to a non-preferred expression or as an alternative to an offensive attribution-to avoid potential offense taken by the listener or by other persons, for instance, pass away. Dysphemism, on the other hand, is used by speakers to talk about people and things that frustrate and annoy them-their choice of language indicates disapproval and the topic is therefore denigrated, humiliated, or degraded, for instance, kick the bucket. While euphemism tries to make something sound better, dysphemism tries to make something sound worse. Orthophemism (Allan and Burridge 2006) is also used as an alternative to expressions, but it is a preferred, formal, and direct language of expression when representing an object or a situation, for instance, die. This paper suggests that the comprehension and use of such concepts could support the following issues: possible contributions from linguistics and terminology to subject analysis as demonstrated by Talamo et al. (1992); decrease of polysemy and ambiguity of terms used to represent certain topics of documents; and construction and evaluation of indexing languages. The concept of orthophemism can also serves to support associative relationships in the context of subject analysis, indexing, and even information retrieval related to more specific requests.

Dual path: A concept to improve the esthetic replacement of missing anterior teeth with a removable partial denture

The dual path of insertion concept for removable partial denture (RPD) design may be used in esthetically demanding situations. When compared to conventional RPDs, the main advantage of this design is the minimal use of clasps. This clinical report describes the treatment of a patient with an anterior maxillary edentulous area using a dual path RPD. The diagnostic cast was surveyed to ensure the adequacy of the undercuts on the mesial surfaces of the anterior abutments, where rigid minor connectors were placed. Inverted V-shaped canine cingulum rest seats were prepared to provide resistance to tooth movement during function. The dual path RPD concept allows excellent esthetic results, minimizes tooth preparation, and reduces the tendency toward plaque accumulation in a Kennedy class IV partially edentulous arch. © 2008 by The American College of Prosthodontists.

Subsídios para análise do ciclo de vida de assentos à base de fibra de coco e látex

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Considerações sobre os aspectos cinemáticos e dinâmicos do movimento

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo do mobiliário escolar durante o desempenho de atividades lúdicas por alunos com paralisia cerebral espástica / Franciane Teixeira de Oliveira. -

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Motorista de ônibus urbano: insatisfação e desconforto com a poltrona

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da produção de Co2 em solo incorporado com substrato destinado ao uso agrícola por absorção de radiação infravermelha

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Distribuição de lei de potência gradualmente truncada aplicada na educação: vestibular da Academia da Força Aérea

Pós-graduação em Física - IGCE

Influência dos elementos de liga no encruamento proveniente do processo de aplainamento nos aços hadfield

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)