Curcumin-supplemented yoghurt improves physiological and biochemical markers of experimental diabetes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Genetic and biochemical markers of hydroxyurea therapeutic response in sickle cell anemia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Intensity and interval of recovery in strength exercise influences performance: salivary lactate and alpha amylase as biochemical markers: a pilot study

Purpose The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of intensity and interval of recovery on performance in the bench press exercise, and the response of salivary lactate and alpha amylase levels. Methods Ten sportsman (aged 29 ± 4 years; body mass index 26 ± 2 kg/cm2 ) were divided in two groups: G70 (performing a bench press exercise at 70 % one repetition maximum—1RM), and G90 (performing a bench press exercise at 90 %—1RM). All groups were engaged in three intervals of recovery (30, 60 and 90 s). The maximum number of repetitions (MNR) and total weight lifted were computed, and saliva samples were collected 15 min before and after different intervals of recovery. For the comparison of the performance and biochemistry parameters, ANOVA tests for repeated measurements were conducted, with a significance level set at 5 %. Results In G70, the 30 s MNR was lower than the 60 and 90 s intervals of recovery (p\0.05) and the MNR with the 60 s interval of recovery was lower than the 90 s interval of recovery (p\0.041). Similarly, in G90 with the 30 s of interval of recovery, the sets were lower than observed with the 60 and 90 s (p\0.05), and MNR with the 60 s interval of recovery was lower than the 90 s interval of recovery (p\0.05). The salivary lactate showed an increase after exercise (p\0.05) when compared with the rest period for all groups, and no effects were observed for salivary alpha amylase. Conclusions Based on this result, the sets and reps can be modified to change the recovery time. This effect is very useful to improve the performance in relationship to different fitness levels.

Dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical determinants of uric acid in free-living adults

Background: High plasma uric acid (UA) is a prerequisite for gout and is also associated with the metabolic syndrome and its components and consequently risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Hence, the management of UA serum concentrations would be essential for the treatment and/or prevention of human diseases and, to that end, it is necessary to know what the main factors that control the uricemia increase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main factors associated with higher uricemia values analyzing diet, body composition and biochemical markers. Methods. 415 both gender individuals aged 21 to 82 years who participated in a lifestyle modification project were studied. Anthropometric evaluation consisted of weight and height measurements with later BMI estimation. Waist circumference was also measured. The muscle mass (Muscle Mass Index - MMI) and fat percentage were measured by bioimpedance. Dietary intake was estimated by 24-hour recalls with later quantification of the servings on the Brazilian food pyramid and the Healthy Eating Index. Uric acid, glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, urea, creatinine, gamma-GT, albumin and calcium and HDL-c were quantified in serum by the dry-chemistry method. LDL-c was estimated by the Friedewald equation and ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) by the immunochemiluminiscence method. Statistical analysis was performed by the SAS software package, version 9.1. Linear regression (odds ratio) was performed with a 95% confidence interval (CI) in order to observe the odds ratio for presenting UA above the last quartile (♂UA > 6.5 mg/dL and ♀ UA > 5 mg/dL). The level of significance adopted was lower than 5%. Results: Individuals with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m§ssup§2§esup§ OR = 2.28(1.13-4.6) and lower MMI OR = 13.4 (5.21-34.56) showed greater chances of high UA levels even after all adjustments (gender, age, CRP, gamma-gt, LDL, creatinine, urea, albumin, HDL-c, TG, arterial hypertension and glucose). As regards biochemical markers, higher triglycerides OR = 2.76 (1.55-4.90), US-CRP OR = 2.77 (1.07-7.21) and urea OR = 2.53 (1.19-5.41) were associated with greater chances of high UA (adjusted for gender, age, BMI, waist circumference, MMI, glomerular filtration rate, and MS). No association was found between diet and UA. Conclusions: The main factors associated with UA increase were altered BMI (overweight and obesity), muscle hypotrophy (MMI), higher levels of urea, triglycerides, and CRP. No dietary components were found among uricemia predictors. © 2013 de Oliveira et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Proteínas ligantes do insulin-like growth factor (IGFBPs) e dominância folicular em vacas Bos taurus indicus puras e cruzadas

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar um marcador bioquímico de folículos bovinos com diâmetro maior do que 10 mm, o qual poderia ser utilizado para identificar folículos dominantes nesta espécie. Líquido folicular era aspirado de folículos com diâmetros menores do que 5 mm, entre 5 e 10 mm e maiores do que 10 mm, provenientes de ovários de 37 fêmeas bovinas abatidas. Após aspiração, o líquido folicular (LF) era acondicionado em ependorfs etiquetados e congelados. Os padrões eletroforéticos em SDS-PAGE das proteínas do LF foram determinados e verificou-se que os folículos com diâmetro maior do que 10 mm apresentaram um polipeptídeo com PM entre 39 e 43 KDa identificado como a proteína ligante de IGF-3 (IGFBP-3), o qual não foi observado em folículos com diâmetro menor do que 5 mm e entre 5 e 10 mm. Este estudo sugere que este polipeptídeo possa ser utilizado como marcador bioquímico de folículos maiores do que 10 mm.

(Mal) adaptações metabólicas ao treinamento contínuo: concepções não consensuais de terminologia e diagnóstico

Altos desempenhos esportivos demandam treinamentos pesados necessários ao estímulo adaptativo específico a cada esporte. A elevada carga de treino é geralmente acompanhada de discreta fadiga e reduções agudas no desempenho, mas caso acompanhada de períodos apropriados de recuperação, resulta em supercompensação metabólica ao treinamento, refletida como aumento na capacidade aeróbica e/ou força muscular. Visto como contínuo, os processos de intensificação do treinamento e o estresse relacionado à supercompensação, o aumento da sobrecarga ou do estresse poderá, em algum momento, acarretar a quebra da homeostase e a queda temporária da função (supra-alcance - OR ou supra-alcance funcional - FOR). Quando a sobrecarga excessiva de treinamento é combinada com recuperação inadequada há instalação do estado de supratreinamento (OT) ou supra-alcance não funcional (NFOR). O OT excede o OR, cujo pico é também o limiar do OT resultando em desadaptações fisiológicas e queda crônica do desempenho físico. A forma crônica de desadaptação fisiológica ao treinamento físico é chamada de síndrome do supertreinamento (OTS). A própria expressão da síndrome denota a etiologia multifatorial do estado e reconhece que o exercício não é necessariamente seu único fator causal. O diagnóstico de OTS é baseado na recuperação ou não do desempenho. Não há biomarcador objetivo para OTS. A distinção entre OTS e NFOR (supratreinamento extremo) é dependente de desfecho clínico e exclusão diagnóstica de doenças orgânicas, mais comuns na OTS. Também a diferença entre OR e OT é sutil e nenhum de seus marcadores bioquímicos pode ser universalizado. Não há evidências confirmatórias que OR evolui para OT ou que os sintomas de OT são piores dos que os de OR. Apenas pela fadiga aguda e queda de rendimento experimentada em sessões isoladas de treinamento, não é possível diferenciar presentemente os estados de OR e OT. Isto é devido, parcialmente, à variabilidade das respostas individuais ao treinamento e à falta de ambos instrumentos diagnósticos e estudos bem controlados.

Alcohol extract of Pterogyne nitens leaves fails to reduce severity of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Alendronate therapy in cyclosporine-induced alveolar bone loss in rats

Background and Objective: Cyclosporine A is an immunosuppressive drug that is widely used in organ transplant patients as well as to treat a number of autoimmune conditions. Bone loss is reported as a significant side-effect of cyclosporine A use because this can result in serious morbidity of the patients. As we have shown that cyclosporine A-associated bone loss can also affect the alveolar bone, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the concomitant administration of alendronate on alveolar bone loss in a rat model.Material and Methods: Forty Wistar rats (10 per group) were given cyclosporine A (10 mg/kg, daily), alendronate (0.3 mg/kg, weekly), or both cyclosporine A and alendronate, for 60 d. The control group received daily injections of sterile saline. The expression of proteins associated with bone turnover, including osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and also the calcium levels, were evaluated in the serum. Analysis of the bone volume, alveolar bone surface, the number of osteoblasts per bone surface and the number of osteoclasts per bone surface around the lower first molars was also performed.Results: the results indicate that cyclosporine A treatment was associated with bone resorption, represented by a decrease in the bone volume, alveolar bone surface and the number of osteoblasts per bone surface and by an increase in the number of osteoclasts per bone surface and TRAP-5b. These effects were effectively counteracted by concomitant alendronate administration.Conclusion: It is concluded that concomitant administration of alendronate can prevent cyclosporine A-associated alveolar bone loss.

Effect of salt stress on polyamine metabolism in bean cell culture

The adaptive capacity of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) calluses (cultivars IAC-carioca, JALO EEP-558, BAT-93 and IAPAR-14) to salt stress (0-80 mM) was verified to determine the existence of biochemical markers such as organic and inorganic compounds, and metabolism of polyamines. The results obtained demonstrate that salt (NaCl) interfered with all the parameters analyzed and its intensity ranged due to the salt concentration and the cultivars used.

Enzymatic variability among venoms from different subspecies of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

The enzymatic variability was analyzed in venom extracts from bees reared in different colonies of the Africanized, A. m. ligustica and A. m. carnica subspecies. The implications of this variation focused on the biochemistry differentiation and immunogenicity of these venoms. The results showed the existence of a huge variability among the subspecies as well as among the colonies for three out of the six tested components - hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase and proteases - suggesting the utilization of these features as possible biochemical markers. Furthermore, although not statistically significant, it was found that the Africanized bee venom presented slightly higher levels of protein content and esterase activity, when compared to the other subspecies. If the esterase plays a role in the pain intensity caused by the sting, as suggested elsewhere, this might suggest a reason for a bigger algogenicity of this venom in relation to that of European bees. On the other hand, A. m. ligustica bees presented the highest levels of proteolytic and acid phosphatase activities, whose functions are not enlightened in Hymenoptera venoms. The A. m. carnica workers presented the highest hyaluronidase and the lowest acid phosphatase activity levels. The extremely variable results among colonies of the same subspecies and among subspecies, for the tested venom components, justify the absence of correlation between allergic reactions and tests with pooled venom.

Influência das concentrações de marcadores bioquímicos de supertreinamento sobre as performances aeróbia e anaeróbia durante periodização em natação

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Impacto da desnutrição fetal/neonatal e do exercício durante a recuperação nutricional sobre lipídios teciduais e homeostase glicêmica de ratos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da remodelação óssea após a interrupção do tratamento com bifosfonato por um período prolongado e seu efeito sobre a osseointegração

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)