Bacterial contamination of the catfish (Cathorops agassizii - Valenciennes, 1839 and Genidens genidens - Agassiz, 1829) sting

This work aimed to study the bacterial contamination in stings of the catfish Genidens genidens and Cathorops agassizii found in the São Vicente estuarine system (São Paulo State, Brazil). For bacteriological analyses, we used fish samples distributed into a group of 50 specimens (25 C. agassizii and 25 G. genidens) and a group of 14 specimens (7 C. agassizii and 7 G. genidens). Results showed contamination of 13 different bacterial species of Enterobacteriaceae, being Klebsiella pneumoniae the most frequent bacteria (26.80%) followed by Enterobacter sp and Escherichia coli (16.27%), and Serratia marcescens, Serratia sp. and Proteus mirabilis (1.16%). Gram-positive bacteria as well as fungi were not detected in the samples. According to the Gram-negative species characterized and with regard to the environmental conditions, it can also be considered that accidents with these catfish stings may develop significant acute secondary infections in humans.

Green and brown propolis: efficient natural biocides for the control of bacterial contamination of alcoholic fermentation of distilled beverage

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of natural biocides, brown and green propolis, for the control of bacterial contamination in the production of sugarcane spirit. The treatments consisted of brown and green propolis extracts, ampicillin, and a control and were assessed at the beginning and end of harvest season in ten fermentation cycles. In the microbiological analyses, the lactic acid bacteria were quantified in the inoculum before and after the treatment with biocides, and the viability of yeast cells during fermentation was evaluated. The levels of acids, glycerol, total residual reducing sugars, and ethanol were analyzed for the wine resulting from each fermentation cycle. A reduction in the number of bacterial contaminants in the inoculum in the treatments with the natural biocides was observed, but it did not affect the viability of yeast cells. The control of the contaminants led to the production of higher levels of ethanol and reduced acidity in the wine produced. The results of the use of brown and green propolis to control the growth microorganisms in the fermentation of sugarcane spirit can be of great importance for using alternative strategies to synthetic antibacterials in fermentation processes including other distilled beverage or spirits.

Molecular detection of in-vivo microbial contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Histological study of the effect of some irrigating solutions on bacterial endotoxin in dogs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Trimming and washing poultry carcass to reduce microbial contamination: A comparative study

The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of washing and trimming broiler carcasses to reduce bacterial contamination. At the poste-visceration site, 100 broiler carcasses were collected during 4 visits to a slaughterhouse in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Birds were from the same flock, age, and approximately 2.4 kg of weight. Groups were as follows: group 1, with fecal contamination; group 2, without fecal contamination; group 3, with fecal contamination and trimmed; group 4, with fecal contamination and washed; group 5, with fecal contamination, and washed and trimmed. Carcass washings were performed with at least 1.5 L/bird of potable water (0.5 to 1 mg/kg of residual chlorine) at room temperature (20-25 degrees C) using spray cabinets with 44 spray nozzles distributed into 2 chambers (pressure of 2 kgf/cm(2) and 4 kgf/cm(2)). Washed carcasses (trimmed or not) showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower counts of aerobic mesophiles (plate count agar) on the third evaluation, and even lower (P < 0.01) counts for total coliforms (CT) and fecal coliforms (Escherichia coli). Trimmed carcasses showed significantly lower counts (P < 0.05) for plate count agar; however, we observed higher counts for E. coli (P < 0.05). The association of both treatments (washing and trimming) showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) counts for coliforms (CT and E. coli). We can conclude that the washing method is overall more efficient than the trimming method to decontaminate chicken carcasses at the postevisceration site. Hopefully, our findings can help poultry companies to minimize production costs by applying the washing method for carcass decontamination.

Control Methods and Evaluation of Bacterial Growth on Fresh and Cooled Stallion Semen

The penis and prepuce of the stallion have a high bacterial load on its surface, forming a natural microbial flora that contaminates the semen during ejaculation. Bacterial growth in semen may cause a decline on sperm quality, viability, and fertility and predisposes the occurrence of endometritis in inseminated mares. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of penile wash before semen collection, the addition of different commercial skim milk-based extenders containing antibiotics (BotuSemen and INRA96), and the removal of seminal plasma by filtration on the quality, viability, and bacterial proliferation on fresh and cooled stallion semen. Animals that were never submitted to penile wash before semen collection tended to have lower bacterial contamination in the ejaculate. Semen samples extended in BotuSemen showed superiority in total motility, progressive motility, average path velocity, and rapid sperm and lower bacterial contamination in relation to semen samples extended in INRA96 after 24 hours of cooling. No difference was found in these parameters between the storage temperatures (5 degrees C and 15 degrees C). Furthermore, the removal of seminal plasma by filtration reduced the bacterial load in semen after cooling. In conclusion, the penile wash before semen collection tended to reduce the bacterial growth in fresh semen. The use of a semen extender with appropriate antibiotics and removal of seminal plasma by filtration were effective in reducing the bacterial contamination and preserved the quality of cooled stallion semen. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Aspectos clínicos, ultra-sonográficos e venográficos da tromboflebite jugular experimental em equinos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Salmonella spp. em carcaças, carne mecanicamente separada, lingüiças e cortes comerciais de frango

Alimentos de origem animal representam papel fundamental na epidemiologia das salmoneloses humanas. Apesar dos avanços tecnológicos, a carne de frango ainda é passível de contaminação bacteriana, especialmente por microrganismos do gênero Salmonella, que podem encontrar-se albergados no trato intestinal ou em outra parte do corpo das aves. O presente trabalho objetivou pesquisar a ocorrência de Salmonella em carne de frango e derivados procedentes da região Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. Foram analisadas, através do método convencional de cultivo, 45 amostras de carcaças, 60 de carne mecanicamente separada (CMS), 25 de lingüiça de frango, 20 de peito, e 15 de coxa e sobre-coxa. Salmonella spp. foi encontrada em 13,3% (6/45) das carcaças, 25% (15/60) das amostras de CMS, 16% (4/25) das lingüiças, 30% (6/20) dos peitos e 13,3% (2/15) das coxas e sobre-coxas analisadas. do total de 165 amostras analisadas, 33 (20%) apresentaram contaminação por Salmonella estando, portanto, impróprias para o consumo conforme legislação brasileira.

Effect of 3,4,4 '-trichlorocarbanilide on growth of lactic acid bacteria contaminants in alcoholic fermentation

3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide (TCC) was rested as a new method of bacterial growth control for S. cerevisiae alcoholic fermentations of diluted high test molasses (HTM). Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was tested to determine the necessary concentration of TCC to control bacterial growth. The fed-batch alcoholic fermentation process was used with cell recycle similar to industrial conditions and Lactobacillus fermentum CCT 1407 was mixed in the first inoculum to grow with the yeast. Yeast extract was added into the must to stimulate bacterial growth. The best results of TCC's MIC to bacterial growth of Lactobacillus fermentum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (< 0.125-1.0 mu g/ml) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (16 mu g/ml) occurred when it was combined with sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) in a 1: 4 TCC/SDS ratio (wt/wt) in distilled water solution. 1.8 g/l TCC entrapped in calcium alginate added to the must with yeast extract inhibited the growth of Lactobacillus fermentum CCT 1407 maintaining a controlled acidity, higher yeast viability and up to 20.8% of improvement in the average of alcoholic efficiency. Addition of 0.075 g/l TCC entrapped in calcium alginate and 1.67 mg/l SDS in the wort with yeast extract (0-5.0 g/l), inhibited and controlled the extensive bacterial contamination for 19 cycles of fermentation. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier B.V. Ltd.

Consequences of crown fractures with pulpal exposure: histopathological evaluation in dogs

When a crown fracture involving pulpal exposure is produced, the therapeutic treatment to be applied depends to a great extent on the general histopathological condition of the exposed pulp. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate histopathological and bacteriological changes occurring in dental tissue and periradicular tissue of crown-fractured teeth with pulpal exposure. Twenty-four anterior teeth (central and lateral incisors) from the maxillary teeth of four young, adult Mongrel dogs were used. At 48 and 72 h after performing the crown fractures, the animals were sacrificed and the results evaluated. Both observation periods revealed the existence of an area of superficial inflammation with the formation of hyperplastic tissue towards the external surface. Intense neutrophilic infiltrate was observed below it. Mean depth of inflammation was greater at 48 h (4633.33 mum) than at 72 h (3933.33 mum), perhaps coinciding with the bigger pulp chamber opening (x1332.14 mum at 48 h vs. x479.52 mum at 72 h). Upon approaching the cervical portion, the inflammation became less. Bacterial contamination was constant in all the cases evaluated, worsening the histopathological findings with exposure time. This study demonstrates that when a crown fracture with pulpal exposure is produced, the success in treating it depends partly on how quickly therapeutic treatment is administered.

Caracterização microbiológica do veneno do ferrão do Bagre (Cathorops agassizii and Genidens genidens)

This work aimed to study the bacterial contamination of the catfishes stings Genidens genidens (Valenciennes, 1839); and Cathorops agassizii (Agassiz, 1829) found in the estuary-bay complex of Santos and São Vicente (São Paulo State). Fish samples for bacteriological analyses were obtained and constituted of a group of 50 specimens, being 25 of Cathorops agassizii and 25 of Genidens genidens,. The bacteriological analyses showed that there was contamination of the stings by 13 different strains of Enterobacteriaceae with Klebsiella pneumoniae (26,80%) as the most frequent bacteria and lower percentual frequencies for Enterobacter sp and Escherichia coli (16,27%) and Serratia marcescens, Serratia sp. and Proteus mirabilis (1,16%). Gram positive bacteria, as well fungi species were not detected in the samples. In basis of the Gram negative species characterized, is possible to consider the bacterial strains are representative of the environmental public health conditions, as well as, accidents with these fish stings are able to develop significative acute secondary infections in humans.

Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) female ticks exposed to castor oil (Ricinus communis): An ultrastructural overview

Tick control has been accomplished through the use of synthetic acaricides, which has created resistant individuals, as well as contaminating the environment and nontarget organisms. Substances of plant origin, such as oils and extracts of eucalyptus and neem leaves, have been researched as an alternative to replace the synthetic acaricides. Ricinoleic acid esters from castor oil have recently been shown as a promising alternative in eliminating bacterial contamination during ethanol fermentation, by acting as an effective biocide. The same positive results have been observed when these esters are added to the food given to tick-infested rabbits. This study tested the effect of these substance on the reproductive system of Rhipicephalus sanguineus females, added to rabbit food, more specifically on oogenesis. For this, four groups were established: four control groups (CG1, CG2, CG3, and CG4) and four treatment groups (TG1, TG2, TG3, and TG4) with one rabbit in each (New Zealand White), used as hosts. After full 4 days feeding (semi-engorgement), the females were collected and had their ovaries extracted. In this study, it was observed that R. sanguineus females exposed to esters had their ovaries modified, which was demonstrated through transmission electron microscopy techniques. The addition of ricinoleic esters to the diet of tick-infested rabbits revealed how toxic such substances are for the cytoplasmic organelles of oocytes and pedicel cells. These compounds can change the morphophysiology of germ and somatic cells, consequently influencing their viability and, therefore, confirming that the ricinoleic acid esters from castor oil are a promising substance in the control of R. sanguineus. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Resposta pulpar de dentes de ratos após tratamento capeador direto com sistema adesivo monocomponente ou autocondicionante

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Investigação da presença e da formação de biofilmes por estafilococos em micro-usina de beneficiamento de leite

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)