Modelos organizadores do pensamento: uma perspectiva de pesquisa sobre o raciocínio moral com adolescentes autores de infração

Este artigo tem como propósito ampliar as perspectivas de investigação no campo da moralidade. Mais especificamente, apresentamos uma proposta para o estudo da moralidade de adolescentes autores de infração, utilizando o referencial teórico=metodológico da Teoria dos Modelos Organizadores do Pensamento. Buscamos, através da idéia de complexidade, compreender o funcionamento cognitivo na elaboração de raciocínios morais diante de situações de conflito. Com essa perspectiva, fizemos uma investigação que teve por objetivo identificar os modelos organizadores aplicados na resolução de conflitos morais hipotéticos por 20 adolescentes masculinos autores de infração que cumprem medida socioeducativa. Através de entrevistas, narramos uma situação de conflito moral envolvendo uma relação de amizade, agressão física e roubo. Foram identificados 10 modelos organizadores, os quais foram agrupados em 3 categorias. Tais modelos refletiram a diversidade e as regularidades presentes nos raciocínios elaborados para resolver os conflitos apresentados. Concluiu-se que a variedade dos modelos organizadores identificados evidencia a importância dos conteúdos na construção dos raciocínios morais.

Análise dos aspectos éticos da pesquisa em seres humanos contidos nas Instruções aos Autores de 139 revistas científicas brasileiras

OBJETIVO: Estudar as normas relativas à ética da pesquisa em seres humanos contidas nas Instruções aos Autores de revistas científicas brasileiras. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: As Instruções aos Autores de 139 revistas científicas brasileiras das áreas de medicina, biomedicina, enfermagem, odontologia e ciências gerais foram analisadas com relação às suas recomendações sobre os aspectos éticos. RESULTADOS: Das 139 revistas estudadas, 110 (79,1%) não fazem referências aos aspectos éticos; 17 (12,2%) exigem aprovação prévia pela Comissão de Ética; três (2,1%) fazem referência à Declaração de Helsinque; uma (0,7%) recomenda adotar o consentimento esclarecido; cinco (3,5%) seguem orientações dos requisitos uniformes para manuscritos submetidos a revistas biomédicas e três (2,1%) seguem princípios, normas e padrões éticos não especificados. Nas 29 revistas que fazem referências à ética, as exigências são solicitadas sob as seguintes formas: 15 (51,7%) exigem a inclusão da informação no texto do artigo; duas (6,8%) pedem carta assinada pelos autores; uma (3,4%) solicita cópia da autorização da Comissão de Ética; uma (3,4%) afirma supor que o autor cumpriu as exigências e dez (34,4%) não fazem qualquer referência específica. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados do estudo indicam que na maioria das revistas científicas brasileiras há pouca preocupação em relação aos aspectos éticos da pesquisa em seres humanos, contidas nas Instruções aos Autores. Nas revistas que fazem referência aos aspectos éticos, as exigências são muito variáveis.

Evaluación del conocimiento de los cirujanos dentistas brasileños sobre aspectos bioéticos en el tratamiento odontológico

Professional-patient relationship and its importance for a good performance and success of the dental treatment must be reflected upon by means of their bioethical aspects. Our study aimed at evaluating dentist-surgeons' knowledge (n=163) in conducting specialization courses at São Paulo State University-UNESP, on these aspects. Out of the people surveyed, 88.1% mentioned that a decision for the treatment should be made by mutual agreement between professionals and patients, however, 26.4% report that patients' or their legal representative's participation in decision-making can cause negative interference. Professionals' acting when patients choose a less suitable treatment, 95.6% try to convince patients that it is not the best choice and persuade them for a better one by keeping the paternalistic model. It was noticed that 20.3% did not know how to relate the importance of professional-patient interaction as regards the dental treatment. It was therefore concluded that many dentist-surgeons are not taking these bioethical aspects into account in clinical practice.

Descripción inmunohistoquímica de la encefalitis en bovinos brasileños naturalmente infectados con el herpesvirus bovino tipo 5 (HVB-5)

Twelve cases of viral meningoencephalitis in Brazilian cattle were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis for inflammatory response description. All the cases showed severe neurological signs followed by death. Mild to moderate histological inflammatory changes in the brain and cerebellum characterized the neurological infection showing meningitis, mononuclear perivascular cuffing, gliosis, haemorrhage, and macrophages (gitter cells) accompanying great areas of malacia. None of the cases showed intranuclear inclusion bodies. However, in five of them it was possible to isolate the BoHV-5. In order to collect data to allow the description of the inflammatory response in these cases, brain samples from all of the cases were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antibodies against CD3 to detect T cells, and against GFAP to detect astrocytes. On the other hand, monoclonal antibodies were used against BLA to detect B cells and, against MAC 387 to detect macrophages. The results indicate different degrees of prominent astrocytic response, and at the same time, T lymphocytes constituted a high percentage of the mononuclear cells which characterized the inflammatory response.

Relaciones entre los rotíferos, copépodos planctónicos ciclopoides y la calidad del agua en dos embalses Brasileños

Planktonic rotifers and cyclopoid copepods were studied in two reservoirs of different trophic states (eutrophic and oligo/mesoeutrophic) in the south of Brazil. During a year, monthly samplings were carried out in three stations in each reservoir. Species richness, frequency and abundance were used to find out useful and indicatives trends of water quality based on these organisms, reinforced by literature data. Species that showed higher differences between reservoirs were chosen. For Rotifera, richness, frequency and abundance of Brachionus were higher in the eutrophic reservoir, but Plationus patulus occurred only in the oligo/mesotrophic reservoir. For copepods, Tropocyclops prasinus dominated in the eutrophic reservoir, but Thermocyclops decipiens, T. minutus, T. inversus and Microcyclops anceps were dominants in the oligo/mesotrophic reservoir. In the canonical correspondence analysis, these species were indicators of the trophic state and were related with chlorophyll-a, total phytoplankton and total phosphorus. The use of these species can be efficient in the studied regions (subtropical/temperate), but comparing with other Brazilian reservoirs of tropical climate, the results could be different. Despite the dominance of T. decipiens over T. minutus, T. inversus has been widely used in Brazil as an indicator of eutrophic waters; in those cases of excessive eutrophication, other species, more rustic, commonly dominate. In the present study, Thermocyclops was dominant in the oligo/mesotrophic reservoir. The dominance of Brachionus for rotifers and Tropocyclops prasinus and Acanthocyclops robustus for copepods were indicative of eutrophic conditions.

Qualidade de ensino e avaliação d educação: concepções de autores e atores da educação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As condições institucionais de cumprimento das medidas socioeducativas aos adolescentes autores de infração

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Modelos organizadores na resolução de conflitos morais: um estudo com adolescentes autores de infração

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

Cultura e violência: autores, polêmicas e contribuições da literatura marginal

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Modalizações da gaucherie em autores brasileiros e portugueses contemporâneos

Pós-graduação em Letras - IBILCE

Investigadores de mayor visibilidad en Organización y Representación del Conocimiento: un estudio desde el análisis de cocitaciones

The most visible researchers in Knowledge Organization and Representation were identified, from the perspective of Brazilian researchers, based on cocitations from the papers presented in the last five meetings of the Encontros Nacionais de Pesquisa of the Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós- Graduação em Ciência da Informação (ENANCIBs) from 2003 to 2008. First, the total number of references was identified, a total of 134 articles. Second, a citation analysis was conducted, being considered the most cited authors those who received 12 citations or more, which resulted in 31 most cited authors. Third, the Pajek software was used for the construction of the co-citation network and, thereafter, some indicators were calculated with the Ucinet software, which describe the structure and cohesion of the generated network, and, particularly, its density, and its degree of centrality, betweenness and proximity. The high cohesion of the network and the compliance between the most co-cited authors and the calculated indicators were verified.

Estudos de Análise de Cocitação de Autores: uma abordagem teórico-metodológica para a compreensão de um domínio

This piece of research aims at analyzing the absolute and relative co-citation indicators, especially Salton’s Cosine and comparing the contribution of these indicators to the understanding of a domain, applying them to the universe of "Metric Studies" at the BRAPCI base. It also aims at presenting the co-citation network generated from the absolute frequencies and highlighting the groupings of co-cited authors, depending on the relative values, integrating and explaining the information from the two indexes. The domain analysis, by means of its 11 approaches, including “Bibliometric Studies”, focuses on the science characterization and evaluation, in that it allows us to identify and to analyze the conditions under which the scientific knowledge is constructed and socialized. In these studies, the contribution of citation and co-citation analysis is highlighted. Of the total of 147 articles retrieved at BRAPCI base, the authors cited in at least 11 articles, in a total of 38 researchers, were selected. The 38 x 38 symmetric matrix with the absolute frequencies of co-citation and the matrix with the relative values of Salton’s Cosine were generated. The co-citation network with absolute frequency values were constructed, through Ucinet software. Cluster analysis of data with relative values wer performed, using the SPSS software. Significant differences between the absolute and relative indexes, with some high absolute values of co-citation were observed; when considered in relation to the presence of each author, their significance is decreased. As to the generated network, seven groups were determined, in which only one is established for close themes and comes from co-citations in the original sense of the term. Five groups present closeness in absolute and relative indicators. It can be concluded about the importance of the studies of authors' co-citation analysis, which associate the two indexes, absolute and relative, in order to visualize and understand the underlying structures of a scientific domain.

Análise de cocitação de autores: um estudo teórico-metodológico dos indicadores de proximidade, aplicados ao GT7 da ANCIB

Of a theoretical-methodological nature, this research aims at analyzing the absolute and relative proximity indicators – Salton’s cosine and Jaccard’s index –, for authors’ co-citation analysis (ACA). It also aims at comparing the contribution of these three indicators to the understanding of a domain. Methodologically, it deepens the theoretical studies that motivate authors’ co-citation analysis (ACA) and the proximity indicators, and presents the studies of the normalized index of Salton’ cosine (SC) and Jaccard’s index (JI). It applies ACA to the GT7 of ANCIB, in the Information Science field, from 2007 to 2011.

Jovens e adultos: autores de suas próprias palavras

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC