300 resultados para Artificial respiration.
em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"
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Este estudo objetivou atualizar os conhecimentos em relação à utilização da ventilação mecânica não-invasiva (VMNI) no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca e identificar se há indícios da superioridade de uma forma de modalidade de VMNI em relação à outra. Foi realizada revisão da literatura entre 2006 a 2011, a partir das bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Lilacs, utilizando os descritores respiração artificial, pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas, ventilação com pressão positiva intermitente e cirurgia cardíaca, e seus correspondentes na língua inglesa, os quais foram pesquisados em cruzamentos. A partir dos critérios adotados, foram selecionados nove artigos, dos quais seis demonstraram aplicações de VMNI, por meio de modalidades como pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas, pressão positiva com dois níveis pressóricos e respiração com pressão positiva intermitente, no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, e, três realizaram comparações entre as diferentes modalidades. As modalidades de VMNI descritas na literatura foram utilizadas com resultados satisfatórios. Estudos que comparam diferentes modalidades são escassos, contudo alguns demonstraram superioridade de uma modalidade de VMNI, como é o caso da respiração com pressão positiva intermitente na reversão da hipoxemia e da pressão positiva com dois níveis pressóricos na melhora da oxigenação, da frequência respiratória e frequência cardíaca desses pacientes, em comparação a outras modalidades.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Patients that are mechanically ventilated in ICUs are constantly exposed to different pathogens, which present multiantibiotic resistance. Among these microorganisms, is MRSA (Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) considered to be a therapeutic challenge due to its resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Therefore, this study proposed to identify species of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from mechanically ventilated patients in ICU, the gene mecA detection and the genes of the enterotoxins A (sea), B (seb), C (sec-1) and D (sed) in samples of S. aureus, as well as the phenotypic resistance determination to oxacillin using the disc-diffusion method with discs of oxacillin and cefoxitin. The samples collection occurred during in a period of 19 months, obtaining samples from 232 patients. A percentage of 39% (70) of Gram-positive cocci were found; which 82,8% (58) were identified as Staphylococcus spp,. among these, 75,8% (44) corresponded to S. aureus species and 47,7% were identified as MRSA. It was found resistance to both drugs in 31,8% of the S. aureus samples, 16 (36,3%) had the gene sea and 11 (25%) had the sec-1 gene. Among the coagulase-negative staphylococci obtained, the species most found was S. epidermidis, corresponding to 43% (6). The results revealed that one of the most important etiologic agents of VAP amid the Gram-positive cocci is the species S. aureus, with special attention to MRSA. The presence of enterotoxins genes in S. aureus did not showed determinant role in VAP, but the presence of these superantigens can contribute worsening the patient’s prognosis, since they are associated with intense inflammatory response
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Pós-graduação em Anestesiologia - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Objetivou-se determinar a dose inseminante adequada para uso na fertilização artificial de ovócitos de dourado (Salminus brasiliensis). Os ovócitos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, e fertilizados com uma das relações espermatozoides/ovócito 6,0×10³; 6,0×10(4); 6,0×10(5); 6,0×10(6) ou 3,0×10(7), cada uma com quatro repetições. Considerou-se unidade experimental uma incubadora de volume útil de 2,5 L, contendo 2,0 mL de ovócitos não-hidratados. As taxas de fertilização foram mensuradas 8 horas após o início da fertilização. Com intuito de verificar possíveis efeitos da diluição seminal na movimentação dos espermatozoides, realizou-se a mensuração do tempo de duração da motilidade espermática dos espermatozoides de dourado, ativados por meio de diferentes relações de diluição: 6,8×10-5; 6,8×10-4; 6,8×10-3; 6,8×10-2; 3,4×10-1 e 1,0 mL de sêmen por mL de água. O tempo de duração da motilidade foi avaliado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado composto de seis tratamentos e três repetições. As taxas de fertilização apresentaram relação quadrática com o número de espermatozoides por ovócito. As relações de diluição do sêmen tiveram efeito inversamente proporcional sobre a duração da motilidade espermática. A relação que proporcionou melhores taxas de fertilização artificial de ovócitos de dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) foi de 30.722 espermatozoides por ovócio.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of water volume and water temperature on the sperm motility duration and the number of spermatozoa, and the water volume on the fertilization rates of oocytes of Rhinelepis aspera. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of semen dilutions (1.74×10-5, 1.74×10-4, 1.74×10-3, 1.74×10-2, 1.74×10-1 and 1.00 mL of sperm.mL-1 of water) and water temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 ºC) on spermatozoa motility duration. In addition, the effects of insemination dose (7×10³, 7×10(4), 7×10(5), 7×10(6) and 7×10(7) spermatozoa.oocyte-1) and water volume (1.0, 30.0, 60.0, 90.0 and 120.0 mL water.2.0 mL-1 oocytes) on the artificial fertilization rates of oocytes were evaluated. The longest sperm motility duration were observed for the semen dilution of 1.74×10-5 mL semen.mL-1 water and in water at 5 ºC. The highest fertilization rates were obtained for insemination doses between 7.00×10³ and 1.23×10(7) spermatozoa. oocyte-1 and water volume of 28.11 mL water.2.0 mL-1 oocytes.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Background: In bovines, more efficient management practices are important for maximizing profitability. In order to increase the pregnancy rates in artificial insemination (AI) programs, several hormonal protocols were developed to synchronize the follicular wave and the moment of ovulation in beef and dairy cattle. In dairy cattle, detection of estrus can be difficult due to a number of factors including the incidence of silent estrus. Hormonal treatments designed to control both luteal and follicular function has permitting efficient synchronizations of time of ovulation. Thus, the AI can be performed in a large number of animals on a fixed schedule without the need for detection of estrus. Using these management techniques, the fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) can overcome the problem of accurate estrus detection and help in reducing the incidence of repeat breeding. In addition, with TAI in cattle operations, it is possible to facilitate management practices and commercialization, and to reduce the time and semen wasting with animals inseminated at incorrect times. The investigation of practical and efficient TAI protocols is important for reducing the labor and animal handling of TAI in dairy cattle, as well as for increasing the profitability of the cattle management system. This study was carried out in order to investigate the effectiveness of TAI in dairy heifers treated with a practical progesterone-based protocol.Materials, Methods & Results: This experiment was conducted at the university farm located in southwestern Brazil, during May 2009. Thirty-nine cycling crossbred dairy heifers were employed in this study. All animals received a single intramuscular injection of estradiol benzoate and intravaginal progesterone releasing device in a random stage of the estrous cycle (Day 0). on day 7 the animals were treated with PGF2a analogue and on day 9 the device was removed. Forty-eight hours after the device removal (day 11) a synthetic analogue of GnRH was administered and the animals were fixed-time artificially inseminated at the time of GnRH injection. The inseminations were performed using four different batches from the same Holstein bull. Among the heifers that were synchronized (87.2%), 30.8% ovulated until 24 h after TAI and 56.4% ovulated between 24 and 32 h after TAI. The conception rate was 61.5%. No effects of ovulation time in conception rates were detected. The conception rate from heifers that ovulated until 24 h after TAI was 58.3% and from heifers that ovulated between 24 and 32 h after TAI was 77.3%. The mean of ovulatory follicle in heifers that ovulated until 24 h was 14.3 mm and in heifers that ovulated between 24 and 32 h was 11.9 mm.Discussion: Taking together, the findings of the present study, along with those of others, emphasize the concept that development of practical methods for TAI offers significant advantages to dairy producers if conception rates are close or greater to those obtained after breeding at detected estrus. Thus, the results of the present study reinforce the possibility of making dairy cattle production more cost-effective using TAI. In conclusion, with the progesterone-based TAI protocol of the present experiment all synchronized animals ovulated up to 32 h after GnRH+TAI and no effects of ovulation time related to conception rate was detected. The exogenous control of luteal and follicular development facilitated the reproductive management and animal handling. Also, inseminating the heifers at the moment of GnRH injection in a progesterone-based TAI protocol is a practical strategy and provided satisfactory results regarding ovulation and conception rates in dairy heifers.