Experimentação no ensino de química: propostas de realização em busca da aprendizagem significativa

The Experimentation in Science Education is used since the beginning of 19th century and has it origins linked to the laboratory classes realized in the universities. This classes used, and in many cases, still using the Scientific Method initially purposed by Descartes in 18th century for the construction of scientific knowledge. One of the allegations is that the method would be the fast stand the cheapest to generating scientific information, although, it is based on the empiricism-positivism, which considers that all people have the same learning skill and they can start from the same spot. Through this paper, is not intended to contest the scientific methodology, or even its importance in science history, but just try to identify and describe other possibilities in using of the teaching laboratory, which can make the learning easier for a much higher number of students, contemplating different cognitive capabilities and generating a better scientific knowledge learning and its transfer to practical situations in life, besides, they can provide more significant learnings. Over the text, four different purposes will be presented, which depart from the laboratory use for theory evidence, incapable to make students use the learned knowledge outside the school, until that which develops in the students capabilities to scientifically argue about their day to day themes

Professores iniciantes: marcas de alteridade na constituição da profissionalidade docente

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

Utilizando o software GeoGebra como recurso didático para o ensino do movimento oscilatório de pêndulos

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

Aportes da filosofia da ciência na formação inicial de professores de Química e a mobilização do saber e do saber fazer na construção das representações científicas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As dificuldades de implantação de atividades experimentais investigativas no ensino de Química

Dissatisfaction with certain aspects of the educational processes of the traditional teaching has always existed, and new teaching methods have been routinely studied. The experimental investigative activity is one of those alternative practices. In this type of activity the experimentation is inserted with an investigative approach, in which the student must build the concept, with proposals that represent solutions to the excited problems. In the teaching of chemistry, specifically, the need and importance of experimentation is evident, beyond motivate students, aid in the understanding of chemical concepts relating them to reality. Realizing the contributions of this methodology for teaching and learning, through this research was conducted to understand the difficulties encountered by teachers for planning and implementation of these activities in the teaching of chemistry and therefore the reasons for the dominance of traditional teaching method. The subjects were undergraduate students of chemistry course that developed and implemented differentiated learning activities for teaching and teachers who accompanied the high school students who participated in the university extension project Inclusion Science and University students and teachers from public: Teaching and Learning Chemistry focuses on research and practice”. Through the data it was possible to identify some factors that affect and hinder the implementation of experimental activities in general, not only the investigative. However, despite the difficulties experienced by undergraduates, the majority considered the activity as an alternative teaching method interesting and innovative, able to produce interest, motivation and participation of students with subsequent learning. As well as the teachers, what with all the difficulties that they had declared facing when applying experimental activities, they admitted the pedagogical... (Complete abstract click electronic access belo)

O uso de experimentos didáticos como ferramenta para o ensino de física nos anos iniciais da educação básica

When it comes to teaching physics in the early years of elementary school, the first question is: but there are opportunities to teach concepts to children of such complexity? This study sought to examine approaches and strategies to enter the Basic Education in Physics. To this end, we used low cost materials testing, taking as its starting point the work of Ferreira (1978) instrumentation for Teaching Physics, particularly with the theme electrostatics. The present study was made from the use of prototypes developed with the materials cited. Observations were made in the classroom looking for, from the records of teaching, analyzing the behavior of children and their arguments, possibilities for Physics Teaching this age group as well as some evidence of their cognitive development. In teaching discussions were held with students of the early years of elementary school involving conceptual and phenomenological aspects, adapting such knowledge at the level of logical and mathematical thinking that was still under development. The work shows that it is possible to work on electrostatic physical concepts with children belonging to the age group of nine to ten years. With the support of the group Pibid Physics city of Rio Claro, I realize my observations and practices at the Municipal School Marcelo Schmidt, which proved to be available and open for acceptance of this proposal

Análise de métodos alternativos para o ensino de química: uma síntese a partir das propostas de metodologias ativas de ensino

The lack of motivation and the excessive quantity of subject memorization are some of the main causes for the disinterest of students when learning chemistry. To change this scene, it's necessary that the teachers reinvent themselves and innovate during their classes, making use of alternative methodologies for the chemistry teaching process. The objectives of this work are to evaluate, from a constructive methodology approach, the characteristics, possibilities and limitations of some techniques and methods of teaching. This analysis allowed to present the results in the form of a table summarizing these characteristics and can be useful for teachers to choose the right strategy to be used

O olhar de um discente sobre seu futuro docente: uma trajetória auto formativa

The writings of this paper refer to several personal experiences as well as the various conflicts in the initial educational formation, where I'm reflecting about the formation intentions of this course. I do an analysis and a reflection of the pedagogical practices developed during graduation in institutional spaces, as well as the understanding of the complex context and teaching actions intrinsic to this, that are what constitute the structural dimensions which is where the formative process happens. This study is a narrative of initial formation as autobiographical. Memories and experiences are analyzed along with undergraduate education, exposing structural problems of course requiring a deeper analysis. In addition to analyse critically the institutional spaces of the (few) outreach programs, education and research that are the basis of the Brazilian University, the wellknown University quadripod. Under this perspective, the narrative brings the dichotomous design of the quadripod inside the University course, exposing the need to reflect on this fact, as it culminates in the formation of future teachers in physics. Nevertheless, the work seeks to raise awareness for the need for enhancement of teaching career at the University to address the teaching crisis which today proliferates in the educational institutions in Brazil, therefore it is necessary to the teachers to become aware of your profession and the vision as such. Only from this perspective one can discuss a proper teacher training, aiming at the integration of all activities, valuing all with the same importance

Curva de aprendizado em cirurgia aórtica videolaparoscópica: estudo experimental em porcos

CONTEXTO: A cirurgia videolaparoscópica (CVL) vem evoluindo como alternativa cirúrgica menos invasiva para o tratamento da doença aterosclerótica oclusiva aorto-ilíaca e do aneurisma da aorta abdominal. Poucos estudos avaliaram objetivamente a curva de aprendizado com essa técnica em cirurgia vascular. OBJETIVO: Avaliar objetivamente os tempos e a evolução de cada passo cirúrgico e demonstrar a exeqüibilidade dessa técnica. MÉTODOS: Entre outubro 2007 e janeiro de 2008, dois cirurgiões vasculares iniciantes na CVL operaram, após cursos e treinamentos, seis porcos consecutivos, com dissecção aórtica e interposição de um enxerto de dácron em um segmento da aorta infra-renal abdominal, com técnica totalmente laparoscópica. RESULTADOS: Todos os tempos cirúrgicos foram decrescentes ao longo do estudo, apresentando redução de 45,9% no tempo total de cirurgia, 85,8% no tempo de dissecção da aorta, 81,2% na exposição da aorta, 55,1% no clampeamento total, 71% na confecção da anastomose proximal e 64,9% na anastomose distal. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo mostrou que os resultados técnicos satisfatórios da CVL vascular ocorreram somente após longa curva de aprendizado, que foi decrescente ao longo do tempo, à medida que aumentou a experiência e vivência com os materiais e com a visão não-estereoscópica. Essa técnica pode ser realizada com perfeição por cirurgiões vasculares desde que façam cursos especializados, com treinamento em simuladores e animais, e desde que busquem constante aprimoramento a fim de conseguir resultados similares aos obtidos com a cirurgia convencional.

Potencial evocado auditivo de média latência em crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem

INTRODUÇÃO: Trata-se de uma semiologia laboratorial objetiva para avaliação do sistema auditivo de crianças com distúrbio de aprendizagem. OBJETIVO: Examinar os componentes do potencial evocado auditivo de média latência em uma amostra de crianças com distúrbio de aprendizagem e determinar suas propriedades. MÉTODO: O estudo realizado é do tipo prospectivo contemporâneo de corte transversal, quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório. 50 crianças de ambos os sexos com 8 a 14 anos de idade dividido em dois grupos iguais, com e sem distúrbio de aprendizagem. Causas orgânicas, ambientais ou genéticas foram excluídas do estudo. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: As ondas Na, Pa, Nb foram identificadas em todos os integrantes do estudo. Os valores de latência dos componentes foram Na= 19,2 ms, Pa= 32,5 ms, Nb= 46,4 ms (grupo controle) e Na= 19,7 ms, Pa= 35,1 ms, Nb= 49,6 ms (grupo pesquisa). O valor médio de amplitude Na-Pa foi 1,4 mV para ambos os grupos. As análises mostraram diferenças funcionais entre os grupos, foi observado o hemisfério esquerdo Nb latência mais longa de Nb no hemisfério esquerdo do grupo de estudo em relação ao controle. Tal estudo promoveu informações adicionais sobre PEAML e pode ser referência para outros estudos clínicos e experimentais nesta população.

Ensino e aprendizagem da arte na escola de samba

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Atividade experimental e o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades no currículo do estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

Análise do uso do jogo mercado virtual como mediador do processo de aprendizagem de gestão empresarial

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Objetos de aprendizagem para universitários sobre prevenção de acidentes de trânsito

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Competência em informação no ensino de biblioteconomia: por uma aprendizagem significativa e criativa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)