Prevalência de lesões causadas por mordidas humanas e desenvolvimento de técnica para análise de mordidas na pele em investigações criminais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Human identification by means of conventional and digital Cheiloscopy: a study of the literature

One of the areas of human identification is Cheiloscopy, the name given to the study of the lips, their characteristics (such as thickness, position of the grooves and grooves) and the record of the impressions left by them. There are variations in the layout of the lines and fissures of the lips, which are unique to each individual, permanent and unchanging. The lip print rarely changes, enduring minor traumas such as inflammation or sores. In criminal investigations, lip prints, visible through the presence of lipstick, can be found on glasses, napkins, clothes, cigarettes, indicating a relationship between the subject and the scene of the crime. Latent impressions may be revealed employing specific chemicals such as powder of silver and aluminum nitrate. Although it is not a very common method, Cheiloscopy may become very useful in forensics due to the extensive amount of valuable information that it brings. The objective of this study was to review the literature on the use of Cheiloscopy in human identification, using traditional and digital methods. It was found that the literature is still in need of studies in this area. The advent of new digital technologies can facilitate the implementation of technical expertise, generating speed and objectivity. New research studies are necessary, especially in the development of digital methods. The application of Cheiloscopy can greatlyhelp with Law, in the identification of living suspects and dead individuals. In the end the benefit will fall to society as a whole.

Estimativa da altura por dimensões dentárias: uma revisão da literatura

The knowledge of Forensic Anthropology is very importance in cases of identification of human remains. One phase of this process is the study of human height, which can be accomplished with relative ease when intact corpses, complete skeletons or long bones are available. However, the experience of Forensic Dentistry is essential in situations in which there is only information of the skull or of the teeth. The objective of this study was to review in the literature and evaluate works concerning the estimate of the height calculated from dental dimensions. Carrea, in 1920, proposed the estimation of the probable height of an individual by developing formulas for maximum and minimum heights from measurements of the lower central and lateral incisors and canines. The method was used in the case "Josef Mengele", to complement estimates. Tested in the Brazilian population, 70% of match between the actual and the estimated stature were obtained. Using more precise instruments, in the modified method, 96% of correct matching were verified. Recently, a new formula was introduced to estimate height, from measurements of upper teeth, because the technique cannot be used when jaw is not available. The correlation between height and dental dimensions is demonstrated. However, there is still a lack in scientific literature in this field, and further studies are necessary. The estimate of height from dental dimensions can be very useful and important, especially in situations where the complete skeleton it not found, and long bones are not available.

Nível de conhecimento dos cirurgiões dentistas sobre a qualidade dos prontuários odontológicos para fins de identificação humana

Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the knowledge level of 400 dentists registered in the Regional Dental Council of Cuiabá, through a questionnaire about the importance of records in the process of human identification. Results: We observed that 48.36% of them dispense between 10 and 20 minutes. Only 13.1% of the surveyed dentists did not have the habit of writing down the oral conditions of their patients before starting treatment and 42.62% have only one odontogram filled. From the 122 participants, 11.11% reported that the documentation had no utility to establish the patients identity. To make the situation worse, 33.6% of them said they did not keep the records of patients updated. Conclusion: We conclude that the dentist of Cuiabá has enough knowledge on preparing, maintaining and importance of dental records before the death in the identification process for establishing the patient identity. But, always he did not properly fills the dental records, thus it has been reducing their clinical, administrative and legal value.

Antropologia da doença e do doente: percepções e estratégias de vida dos tuberculosos

Este artigo busca analisar a reação individual dos tuberculosos exilados nas cidades-sanatórios paulistas frente às representações sociais que lhes eram imputadas, inclusive pelo agrupamento médico. Como material de estudo utilizou-se escritos memorialísticos que, avaliados na perspectiva da antropologia da doença e do doente, permitem estabelecer a rede de significados elaborados pela comunidade dos enfermos.

Taxa de desenvolvimento de Chrysomya albiceps(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) em dieta artificial acrescida de tecido animal para uso forense

Forensic entomology uses biological and ecological aspects of necrophagous insects to help in criminal investigations to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI) or to determine the cause of death. Recent papers demonstrated that the presence of toxins in decomposing tissues may alter the insect developmental rate of insects exploiting such tissues as food. Thus, preliminary tests with artificial diets in laboratory are necessary to create a database to investigate and quantify the modifications that can occur with the collected insects from a criminal scene, avoiding any errors on the PMI estimates. The present study aimed to evaluate the developmental rate of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) reared on: a) artificial diets containing animal tissues: bovine liver (D1), raw muscle (D2), stomach (D3), and chicken heart (D4); b) artificial diet without animal tissue (D5); and c) a control group (C), which had only meat. The efficiency of each substrate was assessed by immature weight gain (mg), larval developmental time, larval and pupal survival, emergence interval and adult size. D1 to D4 diets did not restrict C. albiceps development; however, larvae reared on D1 and D2 diets presented a lower adult emergence rate. D3 and control group showed similarities regarding the efficiency parameters (rate and emergence interval). Thus, the use of diet D3, artificial diet with stomach, is the most recommended.

Antropologia da doenca e do doente: percepcoes e estrategias de vida dos tuberculosis.

The article examines how tuberculosis patients who were exiled to sanitarium-cities in the state of Sao Paulo reacted to the social representations assigned to them not only by the public at large but by medical workers as well. By evaluating memoirs and related documents from the perspective of the anthropology of disease and the diseased, it was possible to identify the network of signifieds created by the afflicted community.

Detecção e estudo sobre o efeito da metanfetamina e do ecstasy no desenvolvimento de imaturos de três espécies de Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae) de importância forense

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Análise faunística de dípteros necrófagos: ecologia e aplicação forense

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Utlização do DNA mitocondrial no contexto forense brasileiro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise prospectiva do padrão de metilação nos genes associados a doenças cardíacas SCN5A e MTR para aplicação na genética forense

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

Entre o fazer e o ensinar antropologia: a graduação em Ciências Sociais no Estado de São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A contribuição do pensamento de Rousseau na construção da antropologia como disciplina acadêmica no século XIX

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

A vocação auto-reflexiva da antropologia no Brasil: um retrato de sua historiografia a partir da década de oitenta

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC