Exercício em esteira não elevou a temperatura do casco de equinos

Objetivou-se avaliar em equino a influência do exercício progressivo e intenso realizado em esteira de alta velocidade sobre a temperatura de regiões da pele, incluindo face, pescoço e quartela, e do casco, incluindo coroa, parede e sola. Utilizaram-se cinco equinos Puro Sangue Árabes, desferrados, com idade média de 8±0,7 anos, sendo duas fêmeas e três machos, com peso corpóreo médio de 420±10kg. A intensidade de esforço foi determinada por meio da quantificação do lactato sanguíneo. As temperaturas foram determinadas com o auxílio de termógrafo, antes, durante e após o exercício. Realizou-se análise de variância seguida pelo teste de Tukey, sendo P≤0,05. A lactacidemia aumentou, principalmente nas velocidades intensas. Houve redução das temperaturas das regiões da face, pescoço e quartela após o exercício e diminuição das temperaturas da parede, coroa e sola do casco durante o exercício, enquanto a temperatura da manta de rolamento da esteira não se alterou em nenhum momento. Constatou-se indiretamente que a perfusão sanguínea do casco diminuiu durante o teste de esforço tanto em sua fase aeróbia como na anaeróbia. Nenhuma das intensidades de esforço foi capaz de alterar a temperatura da manta de rolamento da esteira. A temperatura do casco diminuída como decorrência fisiológica do esforço físico imposto, retornou aos valores normais após o término do exercício.

Denoising swallowing sound to improve the evaluator's qualitative analysis

Swallowing dynamics involves the coordination and interaction of several muscles and nerves which allow correct food transport from mouth to stomach without laryngotracheal penetration or aspiration. Clinical swallowing assessment depends on the evaluator's knowledge of anatomic structures and of neurophysiological processes involved in swallowing. Any alteration in those steps is denominated oropharyngeal dysphagia, which may have many causes, such as neurological or mechanical disorders. Videofluoroscopy of swallowing is presently considered to be the best exam to objectively assess the dynamics of swallowing, but the exam needs to be conducted under certain restrictions, due to patient's exposure to radiation, which limits periodical repetition for monitoring swallowing therapy. Another method, called cervical auscultation, is a promising new diagnostic tool for the assessment of swallowing disorders. The potential to diagnose dysphagia in a noninvasive manner by assessing the sounds of swallowing is a highly attractive option for the dysphagia clinician. Even so, the captured sound has an amount of noise, which can hamper the evaluator's decision. In that way, the present paper proposes the use of a filter to improve the quality of audible sound and facilitate the perception of examination. The wavelet denoising approach is used to decompose the noisy signal. The signal to noise ratio was evaluated to demonstrate the quantitative results of the proposed methodology. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Foreign Body in Preauricular Region

Foreign bodies, although they are often found throughout the body, to a lesser degree in the face, still constitute a diagnostic challenge for the trauma surgeon. Its removal means danger of damaging important facial anatomic structures, even if its exact position from the image data was known. So, the objective is to describe a clinical report of a patient (42 years of age, male sex) who experienced falling to the ground, attended by the Department of Surgery and Traumatology Bucco-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry of Aracatuba, São Paulo State University, and 2 days after the trauma, he reported difficulty in mouth opening and pain. After clinical evaluation, we observed the presence of injury in the left preauricular region already in the process of healing. During the intraoral physical examination, a limitation of the mouth opening was noted. Radiographic posteroanterior and profile of the face showed 2 radiopaque foreign bodies in the left side, lying apparently at the region of the mandibular condylar process. Under local anesthesia, foreign body removal was carried from there with access to it through the preexisting facial injury. Further clinical examinations showed an improvement in mouth opening, absence of pain complaints, and/or functional complaints.

Diferenciação entre Egeria densa e Egeria najas pelos caracteres anatômicos foliares

Dentre as plantas daninhas aquáticas imersas de maior importância nos reservatórios de usinas hidrelétricas e em represas de pequeno porte no Brasil, destacam-se as espécies Egeria densa e Egeria najas, cuja identificação pode ser difícil na fase vegetativa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi diferenciar cinco acessos de E. densa e três de E. najas, coletados nos reservatórios de Jupiá, Salto Grande, Três Irmãos, Promissão, Nova Avanhandava e Ibitinga, do complexo da Companhia Energética de São Paulo (CESP) do Estado de São Paulo, quanto às características anatômicas descritivas e quantitativas do limbo foliar, procurando-se obter melhor entendimento sobre as relações dessas estruturas anatômicas com a penetração e translocação de herbicidas, além de auxiliar na identificação de acessos suscetíveis e resistentes a determinado produto químico. Amostras do terço médio do limbo foram fixadas em FAA 50, cortadas transversalmente em micrótomo rotatório com 8 mm de espessura e coradas com azul-de-toluidina. Foi analisada a estrutura foliar e foram quantificados os caracteres anatômicos da nervura central (% epiderme das faces adaxial e abaxial, % feixe vascular e % parênquima) e da região situada entre a nervura e o bordo do limbo (% epiderme das faces adaxial e abaxial e espessura da folha). Os dados das variáveis quantitativas foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos multivariados de Análise de Agrupamento e Análise de Componentes Principais. Houve formação de três grupos principais: o primeiro foi constituído pelos três acessos de E. najas; o segundo, por quatro acessos de E. densa; e o terceiro, por apenas um acesso de E. densa. O caráter que mais contribuiu para a diferenciação entre os acessos foi a % feixe vascular da nervura central, seguido da % epiderme da face abaxial da nervura central e % epiderme das faces adaxial e abaxial da região entre a nervura e o bordo foliar. Concluiu-se que a utilização de caracteres anatômicos quantitativos permitiu auxiliar na diferenciação dos acessos e das espécies estudadas; entretanto, devem ser incrementados os estudos relacionando a estrutura anatômica com a resistência e suscetibilidade aos herbicidas.

Concurrence between the maxillary midline and bisector to the interpupillary line

Purpose: Symmetry is one of the factors that contributes to facial harmony, and in oral rehabilitation it determines the success of esthetic treatment. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the axial symmetry between the bipupillar midline and maxillary central incisors midline of 102 dental students (both genders) distributed across five Brazilian dental schools. Materials and Methods: Students with no teeth missing and who had never been subjected to any dental treatment were selected. Photographs were taken with a Dental Eye III camera with a 100-mm macro objective and ratio of 1 : 10 from natural size, recorded on an Ektachrome ASA/ISO 100 film. The images were developed and applied to Microsoft Office Power Point 2007 software. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance and Student's t-test (= 0.05). Results: There was no significant correlation between bipupillar midline and the maxillary dental midline, irrespective of gender. Conclusion: No significant coincidence was observed between the interpupillary and dental midline. However, the interpupillar distance and its relationship with other anatomic structures may be used as a reference in treatment, but measurements must be assessed individually. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Anatomic measurements and facial proportions can be helpful during the planning of esthetic oral rehabilitation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Tridimensional modeling of the cardiac wall

The advance in the graphic computer's techniques and computer's capacity of processing made possible applications like the human anatomic structures modeling, in order to investigate diseases, surgical planning or even provide images for training of Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD). On this context, this work exhibits an anatomical model of cardiac structures represented in a tridimensional environment. The model was represented with geometrical elements and has anatomical details, as the different tunics that compose the cardiac wall and measures that preserves the characteristics found on real structures. The validation of the anatomical model was made through quantitative comparations with real structures measures, available on specialized literature. The results obtained, evaluated by two specialists, are compatible with real anatomies, respecting the anatomical particularities. This degree of representation will allow the verification of the influence of radiological parameters, morphometric peculiarities and stage of the cardiac diseases on the quality of the images, as well as on the performance of the CAD. © 2010 IEEE.

Avaliação das alterações funcionais e histológicas na isquemia renal, comparando-se duas técnicas de hipotermia: estudo experimental em suínos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Técnica experimental para inserção de parafuso no processo articular da coluna cervical inferior

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Ultrassonografia do espaço intervertebral lombossacro em cães

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Central Giant Cell Granuloma in Pediatric Maxilla: Surgical Management

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is an intraosseous lesion consisting of fibrous cellular tissue that contains multiple foci of hemorrhage, multinucleated giant cells, and occasional trabeculae of woven bone. An 8-year-old boy presented himself complaining of a painless swelling in the left maxilla that had started 1 year. Computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed a poorly defined multilocular radiolucent lesion in the left maxilla crossing the midline. The patient underwent enucleation through an intraoral approach of the lesion. The biopsy revealed multinucleated giant cells in a fibrous stroma. A CT was taken approximately 1 year postoperatively. There was no clinical or radiographic evidence of recurrence. Therefore, surgical treatment of CGCG can be performed, trying to preserve the surrounding anatomic structures, which can be maintained in case the lesion does not show an aggressive clinical behavior, avoiding large surgical defects which are undesirable in children.

Tomographic imaging of lunulae in capybara knees

The lunulae, ossification of the meniscus, are found in several species of rodents. Some studies suggest that the lunulae may be anatomical features, because there are not any pathological findings in microscopy. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of lunulae in capybara knees, the world's largest rodent, by simple tomographic scans and three-dimensional reconstruction. For this purpose, we used two adult capybaras, in which both knees were evaluated. The lunulae were visualized with three-dimensional images, and revealed a total of two cranially. With the presence of lunulae confirmed, the capybara may be included in the group of rodents that have this structural feature, which can also contribute to the distinction between pathological processes and normal anatomic structures on imaging tests.

Implantes curtos em região posterior da mandíbula

The rehabilitation of edentulous areas with osseointegrated dental implants is a well-documented, predictable procedure in the literature, with high success rates. However, the lack of bone at the recipient bed or proximity to anatomic structures limits the rehabilitation procedure especially at the posterior mandible. Thus, short implants are an alternative treatment for such cases of severe bone resorption. The purpose of this study was to review the success rate of short implants, especially those based in the posterior mandible and to show a clinical case. A literature review was made on electronic databases PubMed and Bireme with articles published between the years 2005 to 2012, using the keywords "short dental implants". It was concluded that the success rates of short implants are similar to those presented by conventional implants but still related to their geometry and surface treatment. Also, short implants can be considered as a viable alternative for the rehabilitation of severely resorbed jaws. However, many authors consider that more research is necessary when a short implant is compared to a long dental implant.

Ultrasound-assisted periconal ocular blockade in rabbits

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the benefit and specifically the feasibility of using ultrasound in ophthalmologic periconal block, and the occurrence of complications.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsTen healthy New Zealand White rabbits (6-8months of age), weighing 2.0-3.5kg.MethodsRabbits were anesthetized by intramuscular injection of acepromazine (1mgkg(-1)), ketamine (30mgkg(-1)) and xylazine (3mgkg(-1)). Ultrasound-assisted periconal block with lidocaine was performed on 18 eyes. Intraocular pressure was measured by applanation tonometry whereas corneal sensitivity was assessed using an esthesiometer, before and after each periconal anesthesia.ResultsIn all 18 eyes, it was possible to adequately visualize the needle shaft within the periconal space, as well as muscular cone, optic nerve and local anesthetic solution spread. Lidocaine 2% without epinephrine (0.790.19mL) was injected into the periconal space. There was no statistical difference between the intraocular pressure (meanSD) measured before (10.9 +/- 2.9mmHg) and after (11.9 +/- 3.8mmHg) the periconal anesthesia (p=0.38). The effectiveness of the ultrasound-assisted technique was shown according to the values for corneal sensitivity, assessed before and after periconal anesthesia (p<0.0001). Complications were not observed in this study.ConclusionsEye ultrasonography allowed visualization of all anatomic structures necessary to perform a periconal block, as well as the needle insertion and anesthetic spread in real time. Further studies are required to prove the real potential of ultrasound for reducing the incidence of complications associated with ophthalmic blocks, especially when anatomic disorders of the eye could potentially increase the risk.Clinical relevanceUltrasonography is a painless, noninvasive tool that may improve safety of ophthalmic regional blocks, potentially by reducing the prevalence of globe perforation or penetration of the optic nerve associated with the needle-based techniques.

A radiologic morphometric study of sellar, infrassellar and parasellar regions by magnetic resonance in adults

To evaluate variations of some anatomic structures of sellar and parasellar regions and their possible differences between genders and age groups. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 380 patients were performed to analyze the dimensions of the sphenoid sinus, pituitary gland, optic chiasm, intra-cavernous carotid distances, distance between columella nasal - sphenoid sinus; and columella nasal-pituitary gland. The patients age ranged between 20 and 80 years (mean age 48 years). The study included 235 females (mean age 53 years) and 145 males (mean age 40 years). The transverse length of the pituitary, the inter-carotid distance and the height of the pituitary were similar between genders and age groups. The width and height of the optic chiasm showed differences only between females of different ages. Males presented greater distances between nasal columella and sphenoid sinus. The most common type of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus was the sellar, and depending on the age group, sphenoid sinus was larger in males than females. The anatomy of the Sellar and parasellar regions is complex and varies widely within the normal range. They are a small area, rich in anatomical details affecting multiple physiological systems in the body and, therefore, have great importance in several medical fields. A better understanding of these complex structures is essential in clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Tumor odontogênico queratocístico: relato de caso

Introduction: The odontogenic keratocyst tumor (OKT) derived from dental lamina rests with particularities and specific histological features, with high rates of relapse and aggressive clinical behavior. Presents certain predilection for males, affecting the mandible of 60% to 80% of cases may be related to impacted tooth 25 to 45% of cases. Objective: To highlight the clinical, histopathological and imaging procedures of the OKT, as well as discuss the treatment of this injury. Case Report: To report a case of 10 years of age to look for the orthodontist to correct anterior open bite was observed in panoramic radiography radiolucent area in the region of the body of the mandible associated with pathological inclusion of the lower premolar. It was performed an incisional biopsy of the lesion and the histopathologic diagnosis was odontogenic keratocyst tumor. It was performed a CT scan to assess the extent of the injury and its relation to anatomic structures. How to conduct, we opted for the extraction of the deciduous molar and enucleation of the lesion, preserving the premolar included. The same goes on clinical and radiographic control 18 months, after removal of OKT obtaining the eruption of premolar that was involved in the injury. Final Comments: It is necessary to adopt protocols that include dental care knowledge of oral diagnosis, medical history and careful clinical evaluation without forgetting the need for histopathological confirmation.