Anaerobic-aerobic treatment of swine wastewater in uasb and batch reactors in series

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Development of a burner to measure biogas generation

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Thermal behavior of lignin and cellulose from waste composting process

The lignin and cellulose were extracted from reference material (leaves and twigs) and food of compost at different times composting: zero (raw), 30, and 120 days. According to thermogravimetric analysis and its derivative and differential scanning calorimetry curves for these samples, were verified during composting process there were considerable changes in its thermal profiles, as well as, characteristics lignin in cellulose samples and cellulose in lignin samples. These features were found by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. © 2012 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.

Glass foam of macroporosity using glass waste and sodium hydroxide as the foaming agent

Glass foams using float glass waste and sodium hydroxide were produced. The influence of the sodium hydroxide amount in the foam formulation was studied. Titanium dioxide was used as a strengthening agent. The variations of temperature, heating rate and sintering time were investigated during the synthesis process. Open porosity was estimated using mercury porosimetry. The morphology of the glass foams was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, phase formation was studied using X-ray diffraction, and chemical composition was estimated using X-ray fluorescence. As a result, glass foams with macroporosity were obtained. Since the glass foams used glass waste as reactant, the results suggest the development of an alternative route for glass recycling. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

Design of experimental composting of animal carcasses in universitary unit of treatment aimed a correct final disposition and soil improve

For many years, composting has been used as a result of the recycling of organic matter. There is significative animal carcasses accumulation from teaching and researching activities of the university veterinary hospital. Every year, Unesp University needs to dispose correctly about 180 tones of this waste and the composting seemed to be the most sustainable alternative. Piles of animal carcasses were prepared using peanut hulls and tree pruning as bulking agent and water to the first phase of this process. The extracts pH values no impediments for offering germination and indicated a good addition to the soil management. The germination index showed no impediment to the seeds germination on any type of compost and the extracts concentrations not influenced this biological process. No parameters studied assigns risks of contamination of carcasses for the compost development in Unesp according to the proposed design. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.

Tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura em reatores anaeróbios horizontais seguidos de reator em bateladas sequenciais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação de tratamento de manipueira em biodigestores fase acidogênica e metanogênica

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Inovações tecnológicas na caprinocultura

O largo crescimento do setor de agronegócios no Brasil tem estimulado mudanças nos sistemas produtivos, tanto na intensificação, como na profissionalização da produção. Dessa forma, os produtores têm buscado estratégias para melhor atender aos desafios da atividade pecuária atual, dentre as quais se destacam as inovações tecnológicas que devem resultar em comprovado benefício à atividade, seja pelo aumento em produtividade, seja pela melhoria na qualidade dos produtos, seja pela conscientização do respeito ao meio ambiente. Assim como em outros segmentos do agronegócio brasileiro, na caprinocultura existe uma demanda crescente pela aplicação de inovações tecnológicas, uma vez que o sistema produtivo precisa ser mais competitivo para se manter no mercado. Dentre as inovações tecnológicas aplicadas na caprinocultura, foram abordadas as mais relevantes nas áreas de reprodução (desde métodos para indução de cio até a prática da transgenia), melhoramento genético (biogenética), sanidade (inovações no diagnóstico e prevenção de doenças de maior impacto na criação), nutrição (inovações nos sistemas de alimentação) e tratamento de dejetos (diminuição de contaminantes no ambiente). A utilização conjunta das inovações tecnológicas nos diferentes segmentos associados à cadeia produtiva caprina pode fazer com que ocorram melhorias nos rebanhos assim como nos produtos gerados.

Effect of C/N Ratio and Physicochemical Conditions on the production of Rhamnolipids by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa LBI

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Broiler litter reutilization applying different composting concepts

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura em reatores anaeróbios de fluxo ascendente com manta de lodo (uasb) em dois estágios seguidos de reator operado em batelada sequencial (RBS)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Biodigestão anaeróbia de efluente de abatedouro avícola

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o processo de biodigestão anaeróbia no tratamento de efluentes de abatedouro avícola, considerando-se os TRH de 7, 14 e 21 dias, além da adição de enzima lipolítica aos substratos, nas concentrações de 0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 g L-1 de carga adicionada aos biodigestores. A influência dos TRH e da adição de enzima lipolítica aos substratos foi avaliada por meio das produções de biogás e CH4, dos potenciais de produção por DQO, adicionada e removida, bem como pelas reduções dos teores de DQO, concentrações de N, P e K e dos valores de pH. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que houve influência dos TRH (em que o TRH 7 expressou os melhores resultados, para produção semanal média de biogás, com 40,7 L, e CH4, com 32,2 L) e das concentrações de enzimas, com maiores valores de produção para os tratamentos 1,0 (24,6 L) e 1,5 g L-1 (26,2 L), que não diferiram entre si. As concentrações de enzimas de 1,0 e 1,5 g L-1 apresentaram maiores potenciais de produção de biogás (1,1 e 1,1 L g-1 de DQO adicionada, respectivamente) e metano (0,9 e 0,8 L g¹ de DQO adicionada, respectivamente), quando comparadas com as da 0,5 g L-1 (0,8 e 0,7 L g-1 biogás e CH4, respectivamente) e 0 (0,7 e 0,5 L g-1 biogás e CH4, respectivamente). As maiores remoções de DQO foram alcançadas nas concentrações de 0,5 g L-1 (83,3%) e TRH de 21 dias (74,4%). Contudo, para que haja maior eficiência na reciclagem energética, recomenda-se a utilização de concentrações de 1,0 g L-1 de efluente e tempo de retenção hidráulica de 7 dias.

Valor nutritivo de macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes (Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes e Salvinia molesta) utilizadas no tratamento de efluentes de aqüicultura

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of free-floating aquatic macrophytes, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Pontederiaceae), Pistia stratiotes (L.) (Araceae) and Salvinia molesta (Mitchell) (Salviniaceae) used in a Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) waste treatment, and these species biomass potential uses. The vegetal biomass samples were collected from 0.25 m 2 floating squares and divided in aerial and submerse parts, to determine the concentrations of cell wall fraction, soluble carbohydrates, polyphenols, lipids, crude protein and total phosphorus. The higher nutritive value was observed in E. crassipes and S. molesta aerial parts, and in P. stratiotes total biomass, due to their lower cell wall fraction mean rates (60.7; 64.2 and 56.9 % dry mass, respectively) and to the higher rates of: crude protein (10.1; 9.1 and 8.8 % dry mass, respectively), soluble carbohydrates (26.6; 18.7 and 12.4 mg.g -1 dry mass, respectively) and lipids (7.6; 4.5 and 4.4% dry mass, respectively). It may be concluded that P. stratiotes total biomass, and E. crassipes and S. molesta aerial biomass have nutritive values with potential use for ruminant feeding or as ration ingredients.

Comportamento contrátil de barreiras selantes de solo estabilizado para base de lagoas de tratamento

Liners were proposed as subsoil contamination protection devices for waste disposal sites. In the rural environment, they can be used to construct pond bottoms for liquid waste treatment, but the construction needs to be quick and cheap. A good technical solution for these situations is the use of local soil compacted with low quantities of cement or lime, obtaining good properties for this purpose. These barriers need special care about their contraction behavior which may compromise its use. This work shows the results of contraction tests in sandy soil specimens and others stabilized with lime and with cement. Soil structure changes during cure time were checked using electronic scan microscopy. Results show maximum soil contraction of 0.648% for specimen with 14 days cure process. After twenty eight days of cure the contraction values were lower than 0.5%, which classifies the material as of low contraction. Electronic scan image shows significant material structure alteration up to seven days cure. Results show that studied mixtures had appropriate contraction behavior for liner usage.

Some reflections on the future of the water quality of the corumbataí River basin, São Paulo state, Brazil

The waters of Corumbataí River in the middle and eastern part of São Paulo State, Brazil, are extensively used for human consumption; their water quality has been modified mainly due to increasing pressure caused by population growth, accompanied by a more accentuated industrial development for the whole São Paulo State in the early 1970s. The Corumbataí River basin has, over time, received significant emissions of municipal waste products and discharges of wastewater, sludge, sewage, sanitary and industrial effluents, but the first effluent treatment plant at Rio Claro city was only inaugurated at the end of the 1990s. Data on river water quality from two widely spaced locations in the Corumbataí River basin are reported in this paper; they indicate the need for continuous initiatives and efforts by decision makers in order to improve and preserve the water quality in the basin for the 21st century. Copyright © 2007 IAHS Press.