O design na indústria moveleira brasileira e seus aspectos sustentáveis: estudo de caso no pólo moveleiro de Arapongas-Pr

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A criança disfônica: diagnóstico, tratamento e evolução clínica

Os nódulos vocais são causas freqüentes de disfonias infantis, porém, através das vídeoendoscopias, outras lesões têm sido diagnosticadas na laringe infantil, como os cistos, sulcos, pontes e micromembranas, denominadas de lesões estruturais mínimas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar, em 71 crianças com disfonia agendadas nos ambulatórios de Foniatria da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (Unesp) nos últimos cinco anos: sexo, idade, diagnósticos, tratamentos e evolução clínica. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico retrospectivo. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo das avaliações otorrinolaringológicas e endoscópicas de 71 crianças com queixas de disfonia e idade entre 3 a 13 anos (45 meninos e 26 meninas). As crianças haviam sido submetidas a exame endoscópico com telescópio rígido ou nasofibroscópio flexível. Foram excluídas as crianças com disfonias funcionais ou com queixas de obstrução respiratória. RESULTADOS: Os principais diagnósticos foram: nódulo vocal (47 casos; 66,2%), cisto epidérmico (7 casos; 9,9%), cisto aberto fistulizado (6 casos; 8,4%), sulco vocal (5 casos; 7,1%), ponte + cisto (2 casos; 2,8%), micromembrana anterior (2 casos; 2,8%) e pólipo vocal (2 casos; 2,8%). As disfonias foram mais freqüentes entre os meninos (63,3%). A fonoterapia isolada foi o tratamento de escolha nos casos de nódulo vocal (evolução favorável), sulco vocal (evolução desfavorável) e micro-membrana (evolução desfavorável). Nas demais lesões (cistos, pontes e pólipos) o tratamento de escolha foi a cirurgia associada à fonoterapia, com resultados satisfatórios, exceto nos casos que recusaram a cirurgia. CONCLUSÃO: Os nódulos vocais são as principais causas de disfonias em crianças, porém as lesões estruturais mínimas mostraram-se também freqüentes, exigindo exame minucioso para o diagnóstico.

A moda contemporânea e a sustentabilidade no jeanswear: estudos de caso

Pós-graduação em Design - FAAC

The cross-entropy method and its application to minimize the ripple of magnetic levitation forces of a maglev system

This paper explores firstly the potential of a new evolutionary method - the Cross-Entropy (CE) method in solving continuous inverse electromagnetic problems. For this purpose, an adaptive updating formula for the smoothing parameter, some mutation operation, and a new termination criterion are proposed. The proposed CE based metaheuristics is applied to reduce the ripple of the magnetic levitation forces of a prototype Maglev system. The numerical results have shown that the ripple of the magnetic levitation forces of the prototype system is reduced significantly after the design optimization using the proposed algorithm.

Constrained optimization model for the design of an adaptive (X)over-bar chart

An economic-statistical model is developed for variable parameters (VP) (X) over bar charts in which all design parameters vary adaptively, that is, each of the design parameters (sample size, sampling interval and control-limit width) vary as a function of the most recent process information. The cost function due to controlling the process quality through a VP (X) over bar chart is derived. During the optimization of the cost function, constraints are imposed on the expected times to signal when the process is in and out of control. In this way, required statistical properties can be assured. Through a numerical example, the proposed economic-statistical design approach for VP (X) over bar charts is compared to the economic design for VP (X) over bar charts and to the economic-statistical and economic designs for fixed parameters (FP) (X) over bar charts in terms of the operating cost and the expected times to signal. From this example, it is possible to assess the benefits provided by the proposed model. Varying some input parameters, their effect on the optimal cost and on the optimal values of the design parameters was analysed.

Bamboo as sustainable material used in design and civil construction: species, management, characterization and applications

The use of bamboo as construction and raw material for producing products can be considered a feasible alternative to the abusive use of steel, concrete and oil byproducts. Its use can also reduce the pressure on the use of wood from native and planted forests. Although there are thousands of bamboo species spread about the world and Brazil itself has hundreds of native species, the use and basic knowledge of its characteristics and applications are still little known and little disseminated. This paper's main objective is to introduce the species, the management phases, the physical and mechanical characteristics and the experiences in using bamboo in design and civil construction as per the Bamboo Project implemented at UNESP, Bauru campus since 1994. The results are divided into: a) Field activities - description of the technological species of interest, production chain flows, types of preservative treatments and clump management practices for the development, adaptation and production of different species of culms; b) Lab experiments - physical and mechanical characterization of culms processed as laminated strips and as composite material (glue laminated bamboo – glubam); c) Uses in projects - experiences with natural bamboo and glubam in design, architecture and civil construction projects. In the final remarks, the study aims to demonstrate, through practical and laboratory results, the material's multi-functionality and the feasibility in using bamboo as a sustainable material.

Design Participativo para a Sustentabilidade: desenvolvimento de painéis modulares para fechamentos, utilizando bambu associado com terra e resíduos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)