48 resultados para 440105 History of Philosophy and History of Ideas
em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"
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Four-fermion operators have been used in the past to link the quark-exchange processes in the interaction of hadrons with the effective meson-exchange amplitudes. In this paper, we apply the similar idea of a Fierz rearrangement to the self-energy and electromagnetic processes and focus on the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon and the electron. We explain the motivation of using four-fermion operators and discuss the advantage of this method in computing electromagnetic processes. © 2013 American Physical Society.
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Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC
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The following article has as the main concern and tendency to think and offer some ideas on the Teaching of Philosophy in Brazil and historically conceptions constructed about the philosophy, this constituting itself a challenge to Brazilian education and the formation of people. It is pertinent to the conciliation in the Teaching of Philosophy, from the History of Philosophy, the philosophize and not to join immediately to philosophical systems and their conceptions, but that is structured from the real problems of each situation and experienced in education space and society in general as an macrostructure that requires reflection about your problems. Note that, during the 500 years of education in Brazil, especially in this aspect of Teaching Philosophy characteristics with respect to the concerns and the philosophical problems have been modified, initially, a more obedient to the rules, passing, sometime later, the valorization of polemic and, finally, the systematization of reality and reflection of the real problems faced by a society such as the Brazilian. In this sense, it is proposed to understand and analyze the Teaching of Philosophy in both, the primary and secondary education and, especially, in the university.
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Pós-graduação em História - FCHS
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This text, essayistic character, aims to make some reflections on the dispute or supposed conflict that exists between two elements that have become essential in the constitution of the philosophical domain, in order to assess their contribution in the ethical field. On the one hand, we find the rational dimension, which is marked and has acquired certain predominance in western thought. On the other hand, the dimension of passion, that throughout the history of philosophy, has been subject to exclusion and devaluation, making it as if it were an obstacle to the formulation of ideas and universal values true and substantial. If one looks at the world seeing them or giving it a necessary and essential character, the other tends to recognize the contingent aspect of reality, seeing in it the possibility of accidental and uncertain.
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This paper aims an epistemologically analysis of the attempt of James Prescott Joule to replace the steam engine by the electric one. In this historical analysis, we use the epistemological categories: style of thinking, collective thinking, intercollective circulation of ideas and practices,Joule and other technicians in Machester received in that time financial incentives from governments and industry to replace the steam engine by the electric one, since it was in Manchester a culture of the technique of the accuracy and precision in which Joule was immersed, which allowed us to initially identify the styles of techniques thinking and experimental efficiency. However, Joule could not replace the steam engine by the electric; and the awareness of the problems faced by him, in the attempt to make such a substitution, led him to seek, through an intercollective circulation of ideas and practices, such as the studies of Faraday and Jacobi, a change of direction in his researches. According to our analysis, what happened was a change of style from a technical to a scientific thinking. In this sense, Joule began to investigate issues of a scientific nature, as the Joule’s effect and the mechanical equivalent of heat, which contributed significantly to the establishment of the principle of conservation of energy. We present here the contributions of this epistemological analysis to the discussion of questions of the nature of science in the basic education and for the training of physics teachers.
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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS
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Information and knowledge organization in Brazil has been historically influenced by theoretical linguistics. However, some aspects related to language theory and its interface with philosophy need to be further investigated, particularly the semiotic interpretation of information and knowledge organization processes. In order to advance a dialogue with the philosophy and semiotics of Charles Peirce (1839-1914), a theoretical and bibliographical study was carried out so as to understand and evaluate the contributions of the Peircean thought to information organization. It was found that several aspects of Peirce's work, viewed as a whole and not just semiotic concepts, suggest fundamental points to explain issues in information and knowledge organization. Basing on the analysis of Thellefsen's studies, this research presents some arguments aimed at reframing Peirce's pragmatism, which should no longer be mistakenly considered as a doctrine of practical results, but as a useful methodological approach for professionals dealing with knowledge organization in the field of Information Science.
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O presente artigo pretende chamar a atenção para o papel representado por Rodolfo Mondolfo, com sua teoria da dependência da primeira filosofia grega em relação a uma reflexão anterior sobre o homem e a vida social, na viragem que reinseriu na história o início da filosofia.
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É possível ensinar filosofia? O filósofo alemão G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831) não somente responde afirmativamente à questão posta, como também indica o que deve ser ensinado e como em filosofia. A resposta hegeliana tem como fonte sua atividade como diretor do ginásio de Nürnberg, onde ele procura estabelecer diretrizes e procedimentos para que a filosofia seja ensinada aos jovens. Segundo Hegel, a filosofia sempre é pertinente na medida em que se manifesta sobre o que é fundamental para o homem, isto é, sobre sua vida com as questões que lhe dizem respeito. Para tanto, a filosofia deve assumir o homem como seu objeto de consideração. Isto deve resultar na apreciação da realidade humana para que a partir dela sejam levados e elevados à sua maior e melhor compreensão pela reflexão e pela especulação. Tais habilidades não são adquiridas senão pelo contato direto com a filosofia em sua especificidade na sua produção histórica, ou seja, nos textos. Conhecer a história da filosofia já é aprender filosofia, mas tal aprendizagem necessita da mediação do professor. A mediação se faz necessária, pois a aprendizagem não é natural e, portanto, não se dá espontaneamente. Aprender é sempre aprender com alguém.
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A educação sempre mereceu atenção por parte dos filósofos. Basta citar o exemplo de Sócrates ensinando em praça pública. Sua atividade era um convite ao saber. O filósofo alemão G. W. F. Hegel ( 1770 - 1834 ) também não ficou indiferente a essa questão muito embora não tenha se manifestado detidamente sobre ela em sua obra. No entanto, Hegel sempre ocupou cargos ou desempenhou funções relacionadas à educação. Por isso é possível apontar essa preocupação em sua filosofia e sugerir as possíveis contribuições. Para Hegel não há sociedade que se sustente sem a educação, pois ela é expressão da razão que busca estabelecer a liberdade e implantá-la enquanto prática corrente. Disso deriva a concepção hegeliana de homem que se caracteriza pela construção de si com seus semelhantes através da história. Esse homem é responsável pelo seu destino e por sua felicidade que não se identifica de forma absoluta com qualquer estrutura material. Nesse sentido Hegel atribui centralidade ao conteúdo e não aos métodos e técnicas. O conteúdo deve ser ministrado enquanto direito e também necessidade, pois é por ele que o homem aprende a ser livre, isto é, racional. A liberdade como fim da educação somente se realiza na totalidade da comunidade o que implica a superação de posicionamentos individualistas.
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In this research we present a meta-comprehension about the research on Mathematics Education developed in Brazil through an hermeneutical analysis of the texts presented and discussed on the III SIPEM - International Seminar on Mathematics Education occurred on 2006. We present the trends that were identified in the research and emphasize the interrogations, questions and problems they address as well as their scientific, philosophical, and methodological rigor. We present the nucleus of ideas present in Mathematics Education research in Brazil as we transcend the individual production of research, focusing on the references of national and international authors. We conclude that the research analyzed has been clearly designed, introducing conceptions of and ways of working with Mathematics that address issues related to education, society, culture, teaching, learning, and history of Mathematics Education.
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Pós-graduação em Artes - IA
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)