Biology and fertility life table of the South American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus on grape

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e excreção de cálcio de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de aminoácidos e cálcio no período de 22 a 42 dias de idade

Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes níveis de aminoácidos e de cálcio para frangos de corte no período de 22 a 42 dias de idade. Avaliou-se o desempenho, o rendimento de carcaça e a excreção de cálcio. Foram utilizadas 540 aves, machos, da marca comercial Cobb, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x2, ou seja, 3 níveis de aminoácidos (metionina, metionina+cistina, lisina e treonina - 100%, 125% e 150% NRC,1994) e 2 níveis de cálcio (75% e 100% NRC,1994), com 3 repetições de 30 aves cada. Os aminoácidos estudados foram metionina, metionina+cistina, lisina e treonina. O desempenho das aves foi avaliado pelo peso vivo, ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar. O rendimento de carcaça e a percentagem de cada parte foram avaliados de 2 aves de cada repetição, escolhidas ao acaso, perfazendo um total de 6 animais por tratamento. O rendimento de carcaça foi realizado após o abate levando-se em consideração a percentagem de peito, pernas (coxa+sobrecoxa), asas, dorso, cabeça+pescoço e pés em relação à carcaça eviscerada. Além disso, analisou-se o cálcio excretado pelas aves. Para tanto, utilizou-se 72 aves, alojadas em gaiolas, seguindo o mesmo delineamento descrito anteriormente. Não houve interação entre os fatores estudados para as características avaliadas. As que consumiram dietas com 125% e 150% de aminoácidos apresentaram melhor conversão alimentar. O rendimento de peito foi afetado pelos níveis de cálcio.

Histological analyses of thermal effect caused by 1.2 W diode laser irradiation at rat periodontal pockets

The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the thermal effects caused by 810 nm 1.2 W diode laser irradiation of periodontal tissues. Despite all data available concerning the laser application for periodontal treatment, one of the most relevant challenges is to prevent the harmful tissue heating induced by different clinical protocols. Periodontal pockets were induced at molars in 96 rats. Several irradiation powers under CW mode were investigated: 0, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 mW. The pockets were irradiated using a 300 A mu m frontal illumination fiber. The animals were killed at 4 or 10 days after irradiation. The mandible was surgically removed and histologically processed. The histological sections stained with H/E demonstrated that irradiation parameters up to 1000 mW were thermally safe for the periodontal tissues. The sections stained with Brown & Brenn technique evidenced bacteria in the periodontal tissues. Consequently, the diode laser irradiation as a unique treatment was not capable to eliminate bacteria of the biofilm present in the pockets. According to the methodology used here, it was concluded that the thermal variation promoted by a diode laser can cause damage to periodontal tissues depending on the energy density used. The 1.2 W diode laser irradiation itself does not control the bacteria present in the biofilm of the periodontal pockets without mechanical action. The knowledge of proper high intensity laser parameters and methods of irradiation for periodontal protocols may prevent any undesirable thermal damage to the tissues.

Avaliação de um Sistema de Produção de Gado de Corte. 1. Desempenho Reprodutivo

Data from 1983 through 1991 on reproductive performance, collected from the Beef Cattle production system at Embrapa Gado do Corte, were analyzed. This system, based on exclusive grazing, presented a pregnancy rate (2-3 years old heifers and cows) of 75.9%. The others observed index were first calving reconception rate, 62.1%, total herd loss rate, 2.2%, and calf loss rate until weaning, 6.0%. The calf loss rate represented 53.7% of the total herd loss rate. For calf loss rate (CLR) data analysis, the used model included the effects of sex (S), calf birth year (ANB), cow birth year (ANV) and the interactions between S x ANB and ANV x ANB. Sex had a significant effect on CLR, with 8.1 and 3.8% for male and female loss rate, respectively. For calving interval analysis, the used model included the following fixed effects: ANV, birth month of cow (MNV), birth cow order when it was a calf (OPV) and the ANV x MNV interaction. The 205-day cow weight and her age at first calving were used as covariables. The calving interval was 463.45 days (15.2 mo), ranging from 388 to 543 days, and it was significantly affected by ANV. It is suggested that more research attention should be directed to the highest loss rate observed for male calves, which represent higher commercial value than females.

In vitro-evaluation of secondary caries formation around restoration.

The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate demineralization around restorations. Class V preparations were made on the buccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth. TPH (Group 1), Fuji II LC (Group 2), Tetric (Group 3), Dyract (Group 4), GS 80 (Group 5) and Chelon Fil (Group 6) were randomly placed in equal numbers of teeth. The teeth were submitted to a pH-cycling model associated with a thermocycling model. Sections were made and the specimens were examined for the presence of demineralization under polarized light microscopy. Demineralization was significantly reduced with Chelon Fil (Group 6). Furthermore, a similar inhibitory effect on the development of demineralization was observed in Groups 2, 4 and 5.

Clinical/photographic evaluation of a single application of two sealants after eleven years

The clinical behavior of Concise and Prisma Shield sealants for pit and fissure was analyzed by clinical/photographic evaluation. A hematoxylin-based staining solution was applied to the occlusal surface 7 days, 18 months, 36 months, and 11 years after the occlusal sealing, thus allowing the sealant material on the surface to be checked. At each analysis time, each occlusal surface was photographed, and the photographs corresponding to each time were submitted to clinical/photographic evaluation. Although the sealant materials showed marginal alterations over time, they did not require reapplication because the region composed of the pit and fissure remained covered.

Resin tag length of one-step and self-etching adhesives bonded to unground enamel

Length of resin tags yielded by utilization of an one-step conventional adhesive system and self-etching adhesive system on unground enamel was observed. In study Groups I and III, the enamel surface was etched for 60 seconds with 35% phosphoric acid gel and adhesive systems PQ1 (Ultradent Products, Inc) and Adper Prompt L Pop (3M/ESPE) were applied. Adper Prompt L Pop (3M/ESPE) was also applied in Group II in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. After application of these adhesive systems to dental enamel, specimens were prepared for light microscopy analysis to ascertain degree of penetration (x400). The results were submitted to an analysis of variance at the 5% level; whenever there was significance, the Tukey test was applied at the 5% level. It was found that acid etching prior to application of conventional and self-etching adhesive materials provided higher penetration of the adhesive into the unground enamel surface compared to that achieved solely by application of self-etching adhesive.

Effect of time interval between bleaching and bonding on tag formation

The objective of this study was to assess penetration of adhesive material in enamel bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide using optical polarized light microscopy. Extracted human teeth were randomly assigned to 5 groups, each representing a specific time interval between bleaching and the application of an adhesive material. They were designated as: (TC) the control group-restorations in unbleached teeth; (T0) comprising restorations carried out immediately after bleaching; (T7) comprising restorations 7 days after bleaching; (T14) comprising restorations 14 days after bleaching; and (T21) comprising restorations 21 days after bleaching. Length of resin tags was measured with an Axiophot photomicroscope at a x 400 magnification, and the results subjected to an ANOVA for a comparison between groups, with a p value of < 0.05. Differences between the groups were verified using a Tukey test at a confidence level of 5%. The specimens in the control group (TC) and experimental groups T7, T14 and T21 showed better penetration of adhesive material into enamel in comparison with experimental group T0. This suggests that a gap of at least 7 days should be left between bleaching enamel with 35% hydrogen peroxide and placing adhesive bonding agents and undertaking resin composite restoration work.

Reestablishment of occlusion with prosthesis and composite resin restorations

Here, we present a case report on prosthetic reconstruction of posterior teeth and composite resin restoration of anterior teeth yielding considerable esthetic improvement, reestablishment of disocclusion guides and function.