Seletividade da soja transgênica tolerante ao glyphosate e eficácia de controle de Commelina benghalensis com herbicidas aplicados isolados e em misturas

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os possíveis efeitos fitotóxicos de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência, isolados e em misturas, na soja transgênica (cv. M-SOY 8008 RR) tolerante ao glyphosate e no controle de plântulas de Commelina benghalensis. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos no período de janeiro a maio de 2006, em vasos, mantidos em condições de ambiente não controlado, no Departamento de Fitossanidade, UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal (SP). Os tratamentos avaliados foram: glyphosate (1,20 kg ha-1 e.a.), chlorimuron-ethyl (0,02 kg ha-1), lactofen (0,18 kg ha-1), fomesafen (0,25 kg ha-1), flumioxazin (0,025 kg ha-1), imazethapyr (0,10 kg ha-1), chlorimuron-ethyl (0,01 kg ha-1) mais lactofen (0,096 kg ha-1), chlorimuron-ethyl (0,01 kg ha-1) mais fomesafen (0,125 kg ha-1), lactofen (0,096kg ha-1) mais fomesafen (0,125 kg ha-1), as misturas de glyphosate (0,60kgha-1) com chlorimuron-ethyl (0,01 kg ha-1), lactofen (0,096 kg ha-1), fomesafen (0,125 kg ha-1), flumioxazin (0,0125 kg ha-1), imazethapyr (0,05 kg ha-1) e uma testemunha sem aplicação de herbicida. No experimento com C. benghalensis, testou-se também a aplicação seqüencial de glyphosate (0,96 mais 0,72 kg ha-1 e.a.). A associação de ghyphosate a herbicidas utilizados em soja convencional ocasionou danos visuais às plantas de soja. em alguns casos, como nas misturas de glyphosate com lactofen e glyphosate com flumioxazin, os sintomas foram severos, com necroses e pontos cloróticos nas folhas. Mesmo assim, essa fitointoxicação não influenciou no desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo da soja. A mistura de glyphosate a outros herbicidas, assim como a sua aplicação seqüencial, não foram eficazes no controle de C. benghalensis, nas doses testadas e quando as plantas estavam no estádio de 4 a 6 folhas totalmente expandidas.

Transplacental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in reinfected pregnant female canines

Twelve pregnant female canines, naturally infected with Toxoplasma gondii, were reinfected with T. gondii: three (GI) received tachyzoites subcutaneously (1.0 x 107), three (GII) were orally inoculated with oocysts (1.5 x 104), and six (GIII) were kept as a nonreinfected control group. All the reinfected female canines (GI and GII) miscarried or presented fetal death, while only one GIII female presented a stillborn in a litter of four pups (P < 0.01). Fever, lymphoadenopathy, miscarriage, and fetal death were the main clinical alterations observed. The highest serological titers detected through the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) were 1,024 (GI) and 4,096 (GII). In group III, the titers ranged between 64 and 256. By bioassays in mice, T. gondii was isolated in 17 organs of the reinfected adult canines, in 11 of the control group, and in 20 of the neonates. Positive immunostaining of cysts and/or tachyzoites were observed in 26 canine tissues (14 from GI and GII and ten from GIII). The agent was detected by immunohistochemistry in the encephalon of a neonate and in the spinal cord of a stillborn, thus, confirming that T. gondii infected canine fetuses, provoking miscarriages, even in bitches that presented primoinfection.

Soroprevalência da arterite viral equina em mesorregiões paulistas entre 2007 e 2008

This study investigated the occurrence of equine arteritis virus antibodies using neutralization test in 1,400 horses from Campinas and macro metropolitan paulista mesoregions located at São Paulo State, between 2007 and 2008. Eighty (5.7%) samples showed antibodies to virus (titers from 4 to 4,096). Among the 42 cities, 15 (35.7%) presented at least one seropositive animal to equine arteritis virus. of the 238 farms analyzed 41 showed at least one seropositive animal. The occurrence was higher in sport horses like jumping horses, Quarter horses and was similar for female and male. The rate of seropositive was higher in animals older than 24 months of age. These results suggest the virus circulation among horse population in studied farms, and the need for continuing epidemiological surveillance studies.

O treinamento nos valores da V200, FCpico e distância percorrida de cavalos da raça Árabe e Crioula

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cytotoxicity of monomers, plasticizer and degradation by-products released from dental hard chairside reline resins

Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the monomers isobutyl methacrylate (IBMA) and 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate (1,6-HDMA), the plasticizer di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and the degradation by-products methacrylic acid (MA) and benzoic acid (BA) on L929 cells. Based on previous investigations on the release of these compounds from hard chairside reline resins, a range of concentrations (mu mol/L) were selected for the cytotoxicity tests (IBMA, 5.491406.57; 1,6-HDMA, 1.2239.32; DBP, 1.12143.8; MA, 9.07581; BA, 3.19409).Methods. Cytotoxic effects were assessed using MTT and 3H-thymidine assays after the cells had been exposed to the test compounds at the given concentrations for 24h. Cytotoxicity was rated based on cell viability relative to controls (cells exposed to medium without test substances).Results. DNA synthesis activity was inhibited by all compounds. Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity decreased in cells treated with monomers, plasticizer and MA by-product, whereas no cytotoxic effect was observed on contact with BA at the majority of concentrations tested. The ranges of suppression for 3H-thymidine assay were: IBMA, 2595%; 1,6-HDMA, 9598%; DBP, 4098%; MA, 9799%; BA, 5471%. For MTT assay, the ranges of suppression were: IBMA, 096%; 1,6-HDMA, 2689%; DBP, 1780%; MA, 5266%; BA, 027%. The 3H-thymidine assay was more sensitive than the MTT assay.Significance. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of a wide range of concentrations of monomers (IBMA and 1,6-HDMA), plasticizer (DBP) and degradation by-products (MA and BA), including those expected to be released from hard chairside reline resins. The differences observed in the cytotoxicity of these compounds, along with other properties, may assist the dental practitioners in the selection of reline materials with improved service life performance and low risk of adverse reactions in patients who wear relined dentures.

Validade das equações preditivas da frequência cardíaca máxima para crianças e adolescentes

FUNDAMENTO: Ausência de estudos na literatura validando equações preditivas da frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmáx) em crianças e adolescentes. OBJETIVO: Analisar a validade das equações preditivas da FCmáx 220 - idade e 208 - (0,7 x idade) em meninos com idades entre 10 e 16 anos. MÉTODOS: Um teste progressivo de esforço máximo foi realizado em 69 meninos com idades entre 10 e 16 anos, aparentemente saudáveis e ativos. A velocidade inicial do teste foi de 9 km/h com incrementos de 1 km/h a cada três minutos. O teste foi mantido até a exaustão voluntária, considerando-se como FCmáx a maior frequência cardíaca atingida durante o teste. A FCmáx medida foi comparada com os valores preditos pelas equações 220 - idade e 208 - (0,7 x idade) através da ANOVA, medidas repetidas. Resultados: Os valores médios da FCmáx (bpm) foram: 200,2 ± 8,0 (medida), 207,4 ± 1,5 (220 - idade) e 199,2 ± 1,1 (208 - (0,7 x idade)). A FCmáx predita pela equação 220 - idade foi significantemente maior (p < 0,001) que a FCmáx medida e que a FCmáx predita pela equação (208 - (0,7 x idade)). A correlação entre a FCmáx medida e a idade não foi estatisticamente significativa (r = 0,096; p > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A equação 220 - idade superestimou a FCmáx medida e não se mostrou válida para essa população. A equação 208 - (0,7 x idade) se mostrou válida apresentando resultados bastante próximos da FCmáx medida. Estudos futuros estudos com amostras maiores poderão comprovar se a FCmáx não depende da idade para essa população, situação em que o valor constante de 200 bpm seria mais apropriado para a FCmáx.

Desempenho de cinco clones jovens de seringueira na região do Planalto Ocidental Paulista

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Measurement of the Lambda(b) lifetime in the exclusive decay Lambda(b)-> J/psi Lambda

We have measured the Lambda(b) lifetime using the exclusive decay Lambda(b)-> J/psi Lambda, based on 1.2 fb(-1) of data collected with the D0 detector during 2002-2006. From 171 reconstructed Lambda(b) decays, where the J/psi and Lambda are identified via the decays J/psi ->mu(+)mu(-) and Lambda -> p pi, we measured the Lambda(b) lifetime to be tau(Lambda(b))=1.218(-0.115)(+0.130)(stat)+/- 0.042(syst) ps. We also measured the B-0 lifetime in the decay B-0 -> J/psi(mu(+)mu(-))K-S(0)(pi(+)pi(-)) to be tau(B-0)=1.501(-0.074)(+0.078)(stat)+/- 0.050(syst) ps, yielding a lifetime ratio of tau(Lambda(b))/tau(B-0)=0.811(-0.087)(+0.096)(stat)+/- 0.034(syst).

Sudden changes in chaotic attractors and transient basins in a model for rattling in gearboxes

We consider a model for rattling in single-stage gearbox systems with some backlash consisting of two wheels with a sinusoidal driving; the equations of motions are analytically integrated between two impacts of the gear teeth. Just after each impact, a mapping is used to obtain the dynamical variables. We have observed a rich dynamical behavior in such system, by varying its control parameters, and we focus on intermittent switching between laminar oscillations and chaotic bursting, as well as crises, which are sudden changes in the chaotic behavior. The corresponding transient basins in phase space are found to be riddled-like, with a highly interwoven fractal structure. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Surface structure and electronic properties of Pt-Fe/C nanocatalysts and their relation with catalytic activity for oxygen reduction

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Controle químico de melão-de-são-caetano em área de cana-soca

Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito de herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-emergência, isolados e em combinações nas épocas seca e úmida, para o controle de melão-de-são-caetano (Momordica charantia) em área de cana-soca, desenvolveu-se um experimento no período de junho de 2007 a julho de 2008, na Fazenda Gabriela, no município de Bebedouro (SP). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcela subdividida. Nas parcelas foram estudados quatro tratamentos de herbicidas: imazapic (0,147 kg ha-1) e amicarbazone (1,4 kg ha-1), aplicados uma semana após a colheita da cana; clomazone mais hexazinone (0,8 kg ha-1 + 0,2 kg ha-1) e amicarbazone (1,4 kg ha-1), aplicados em agosto, aos 63 dias após a colheita da cana, pulverizados na época seca, além de tratamento sem aplicação. Nas subparcelas foram testadas as aplicações em pós-emergência de quatro tratamentos de herbicidas: mesotrione (0,192 kg ha-1), amicarbazone (1,4 kg ha-1), mesotrione mais amicarbazone (0,096 kg ha-1+ 0,7 kg ha-1) e 2,4-D (1,005 kg ha-1), na época úmida e a manutenção de tratamento sem herbicida. Para o controle de melão-de-são-caetano a aplicação de herbicidas na época úmida (período de chuvas) é obrigatória e desnecessária na época seca. Os herbicidas mesotrione e amicarbazone, isolados ou em mistura, aplicados na época úmida são eficazes no controle em pós-emergência das plantas e na inibição de novos fluxos de emergência de melão-de-são-caetano na época úmida.

Chromatic alteration in Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck) (Crustacea, Portunidae): an indicator of sexual maturity

Some individuals of the species Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818) bear a characteristic pink abdomen, which is notably different from the usual white coloration. The incidence of this chromatic alteration was determined for a single population and its relation with other individual variables were examined. The individuals were monthly collected from May, 1991 to April, 1993, in Ubatuba, São Paulo, with the aid of a shrimp fishery boat provided with double-rig trawling nets. All specimens were sexed, measured (CW = carapace width), distributed in 10-mm size classes and classified according to growth phase (juvenile and adult), molting condition and development stage of gonads. The occurrence of pink-colored morphs was also recorded. From a total of 2,096 collected individuals, only 60 females (nine of those ovigerous) presented a pink-colored abdomen, which represents 2.9% of the whole sample and 5.2% of the females. Almost all of them were intermolt individuals (96.6%) and 63.3% showed mature gonads. According to published data, size at the onset of functional maturity in A. cribrarius females is around 60 mm CW, from which the incidence of pink morphs and ovigerous crabs were recorded. The obtained results suggest that such a chromatic alteration is associated to sexual maturity in these females. This characteristic may enhance the attraction potential for mating, shortly after the puberty molt.

Blood glucose responses in humans mirror lactate responses for individual anaerobic threshold and for lactate minimum in track tests

The equilibrium point between blood lactate production and removal (La-min(-)) and the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) protocols have been used to evaluate exercise. During progressive exercise, blood lactate [La-](b), catecholamine and cortisol concentrations, show exponential increases at upper anaerobic threshold intensities. Since these hormones enhance blood glucose concentrations [Glc](b), this study investigated the [Glc] and [La-](b) responses during incremental tests and the possibility of considering the individual glucose threshold (IGT) and glucose minimum;(Glc(min)) in addition to IAT and La-min(-) in evaluating exercise. A group of 15 male endurance runners ran in four tests on the track 3000 m run (v(3km)); IAT and IGT- 8 x 800 m runs at velocities between 84% and 102% of v(3km); La-min(-) and Glc(min) - after lactic acidosis induced by a 500-m sprint, the subjects ran 8 x 800 m at intensities between 87% and 97% of v(3km); endurance test (ET)- 30 min at the velocity of IAT. Capillary blood (25 mu l) was collected for [La-](b) and [Glc](b) measurements. The TAT and IGT were determined by [La-](b) and [Glc](b) kinetics during the second test. The La-min(-) and Glc(min) were determined considering the lowest [La-] and [Glc](b) during the third test. No differences were observed (P < 0.05) and high correlations were obtained between the velocities at IAT [283 (SD 19) and IGT 281 (SD 21)m. min(-1); r = 0.096; P < 0.001] and between La,, [285 (SD 21)] and Glc(min) [287 (SD 20) m. min(-1) = 0.77; P < 0.05]. During ET, the [La-](b) reached 5.0 (SD 1.1) and 5.3 (SD 1.0) mmol 1(-1) at 20 and 30 min, respectively (P > 0.05). We concluded that for these subjects it was possible to evaluate the aerobic capacity by IGT and Glc(min), as well as by IAT and La-min(-).

DFT study on the water-assisted mechanism for the reaction between VO+ and NH3 to yield VNH+ and H2O

On the basis of DFT calculations, an understanding on the catalytic effect of water in the dehydration reaction between VO+ and NH3 to yield VNH+ and H2O has been obtained. The Gibbs free energy profiles point out that the global process involves two consecutive hydrogen shifts from the nitrogen to the oxygen atom. The catalytic role is achieved by a water assisted mechanism in which water acts as proton donor and acceptor, via transition structures corresponding to a six-membered rings. The corresponding stationary points lie below both the entrance VO+ + NH3, and VNH+ + H2O, channels. (c) 2006 Elsevier B... All rights reserved.