Critical periods of weed control in naturally green colored cotton BRS Verde

Cotton with naturally colored fiber is increasing as a commercial crop due specially to its textile processing with reduced environmental impact, as dying is not necessary. The critical period of weed control and the weed community were studied in a field with the naturally green colored fiber cv. BRS Verde cultivated in Missao Velha, Brazil. Without weed control during all the cycle, a reduction of 82.9% in yield was observed. The critical period of weed control was between 31 and 74 days after emergence for a reduction of 5% in yield. The weed community was composed of 21 species, with higher relative importance and dominance of monocotyledonous species. The beginning of the critical period was found to be more influential on yield than the ending. Thus, defining the right moment to start weed control can be more important to yield than determining the moment to cease it. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Germination and mycelial growth of Bipolaris euphorbiae Muchovej & Carvalho as influenced by herbicides and surfactants

Bipolaris euphorbiae Muchovej & Carvalho é um forte candidato para o controle de Euphorbia heterophylla L. (amendoim bravo). Este fungo pode ser aplicado em combinação com herbicidas para controlar um maior espectro de espécies daninhas. Para tanto, experimentos laboratoriais foram realizados para verificar a possibilidade da utilização de mistura de tanque de esporos de B. euphorbiae e herbicidas ou surfatantes recomendados para a cultura da soja. Crescimento micelial e germinação de conídios foram avaliados em meio BDA acrescido dos herbicidas, nas concentrações recomendadas dos produtos comerciais, oxasulfuron (80 g/ha), glifosato (4 L/ha), bentazon (1.5 L/ha), fomesafen (1 L/ha), chlorimuron-ethyl (80 g/ha), lactofen (1 L/ha) e imazetaphyr (1 L/ha) e dos surfatantes Energic (2 ml/L), Aterbane (2,5 ml/L), Silwet L-77Ag (1 ml/L), Herbitensil (2 ml/L) e Natur L'óleo (10 ml/L). Diluições dos herbicidas de 50% e 25% foram avaliadas com um consumo de calda equivalente a 300 L/ha. Os surfatantes foram somente utilizados nas concentrações recomendadas. O crescimento micelial não foi afetado por bentazon e fomesafen e apenas levemente por oxasulfuron. Porém, glifosato, chlorimuron-ethyl, lactofen, Energic, Herbitensil, Silwet, e Aterbane o reduziram drasticamente. A redução observada com imazetaphyr foi intermediária e Natur L' óleo promoveu o crescimento micelial. Na presença dos surfatantes, observou-se que todos permitiram uma porcentagem de germinação equivalente àquela alcançada na presença de água. Energic e Herbitensil causaram um retardamento expressivo. Com Herbitensil, o processo germinativo iniciou somente aos 120 minutos. Com herbicidas, foi observado que somente na presença de glifosato e imazetaphyr a germinação dos conídios não seguiu a tendência observada com água, como ocorreu com os outros produtos testados.

Desempenho reprodutivo, características do pelame e taxa de sudação em vacas da raça Braford

Foram investigados os efeitos das características do pelame e da taxa de sudação (TS) sobre o intervalo de partos (IEP, n = 423) e os dias para o parto (DPP, n = 1.202) de vacas da raça Braford criadas em sistema extensivo em região tropical úmida no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. As análises foram realizadas pelo método dos quadrados mínimos considerando para intervalo de partos os seguintes efeitos das classes de idade da vaca ao parto: grupo genético; pai; e regressão sobre a refletância da superfície da capa (R), a espessura da capa (E), o comprimento dos pêlos (C), o número de pêlos por unidade de área (N), o diâmetro dos pêlos (D) e a taxa de sudação. Para dias para o parto, foram considerados os efeitos: R, E, C, N, D, TS, divididos em classes; grupo genético; idade no início da estação de monta; e pai. Os componentes de variância e co-variância foram estimados pelo método de Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita sob o modelo touro. As características adaptativas não foram importantes para a variação do intervalo de parto e dos dias para o parto, mas a taxa de sudação apresentou efeito importante sobre dias ao parto. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram quase nulas para IEP e DPP e maiores para as características adaptativas (E = 0,16 ± 0,09; C = 0,18 ± 0,09; N = 0,08 ± 0,06; D = 0,12 ± 0,07; R = 0,30 ± 0,12; TS = 0,10 ± 0,06). Os resultados obtidos para as correlações genéticas de IEP e DPP com TS e entre as características do pelame indicaram que a seleção simultânea para menores valores de C pode ser favorável à redução do intervalo de partos. em geral, as correlações genéticas entre TS, IEP e DPP apresentaram elevado erro-padrão. Considerando os resultados deste estudo e a importância das características do pelame e da sudação, confirma-se a necessidade de se estudarem as correlações genéticas entre as características adaptativas e o desempenho reprodutivo para o progresso da adaptação de bovinos da raça Braford no Brasil.

Effect of Metal-Ceramic or All-Ceramic Superstructure Materials on Stress Distribution in a Single Implant-Supported Prosthesis: Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

Purpose: This three-dimensional finite element analysis study evaluated the effect of different material combinations on stress distribution within metal-ceramic and all-ceramic single implant-supported prostheses. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional finite element models reproducing a segment of the maxilla with a missing left first premolar were created. Five groups were established to represent different superstructure materials: GP, porcelain fused to gold alloy; GR, modified composite resin fused to gold alloy; TP, porcelain fused to titanium; TR, modified composite resin fused to titanium; and ZP, porcelain fused to zirconia. A 100-N vertical force was applied to the contact points of the crowns. All models were fixed in the superior region of bone tissue and in the mesial and distal faces of the maxilla section. Stress maps were generated by processing with finite element software. Results: Stress distribution and stress values of supporting bone were similar for the GP, GR, TP, and ZP models (1,574.3 MPa, 1,574.3 MPa, 1,574.3 MPa, and 1,574.2 MPa, respectively) and different for the TR model (1,838.3 MPa). The ZP model transferred less stress to the retention screw (785 MPa) than the other groups (939 MPa for GP, 961 MPa for GR, 1,010 MPa for TP, and 1,037 MPa for TR). Conclusion: The use of different materials to fabricate a superstructure for a single implant-supported prosthesis did not affect the stress distribution in the supporting bone. The retention screw received less stress when a combination of porcelain and zirconia was used. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2011;26:1202-1209

Use of Facial Protection to Prevent Reinjury During Sports Practice

The objective of the study was to report the prevention of facial reinjury of a volleyball player using a custom-made protective facial shield. A custom-made protective partial facial shield was fabricated using polymethylmethacrylate and was fitted with a soft lining material to provide additional comfort and protection to the injured area. Facial protection provides greater security against possible facial injuries and allows injured areas to recover during sports practice.

Comparative assessment of the flow rate of root canal sealers

OBJETIVO: Este estudo avaliou o escoamento do Acroseal, AH Plus, Endomethasone N, Sealapex e ActiV GP de acordo com a especificação ISO 6876/2001. METODOLOGIA: Um volume de 0,05 mL do cimento manipulado de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante foi colocado numa placa de vidro. Aos 180±5 s após o início da espatulação, uma segunda placa de vidro foi colocada sobre o cimento, seguida por um peso de massa de 100 g para fazer um total de 120±2 g. Dez minutos após o começo da manipulação o peso foi removido e o valor do diâmetro do disco de cimento foi mensurado. A média de 3 mensurações para cada cimento foi tomada como o escoamento do material. Os dados foram comparados estatisticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey. RESULTADOS: Os escoamentos obtidos foram: Acroseal 21.,4 mm, AH Plus 22,72 mm, ActiV GP 24,90 mm, Endomethasone N 18,76 mm e Sealapex 25,15 mm. CONCLUSÃO: Apenas o Endomethasone N não se enquadrou na especificação ISO a qual requer que o cimento tenha um diâmetro não inferior a 20 mm. O Sealapex alcançou o melhor escoamento, mas não foi estatisticamente diferente do Activ GP e AH Plus (P>0,05).

Development, optimization and validation of gas chromatographic fingerprinting of Brazilian commercial gasoline for quality control

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

ALLOSTERIC MODULATION BY ATP, CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM-IONS OF RAT OSSEOUS PLATE ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE

Alkaline phosphatase from rat osseous plate is allosterically modulated by ATP, calcium and magnesium at pH 7.5. At pH 9.4, the hydrolysis of ATP and PNPP follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics with K0.5 values of 154 muM and 42 muM, respectively. However, at pH 7.5 both substrates exhibit more complex saturation curves, while only ATP exhibited site-site interactions. Ca2+-ATP and Mg2+-ATP were effective substrates for the enzyme, while the specific activity of the enzyme for the hydrolysis of ATP at pH 7.5 was 800-900 U/mg and was independent of the ion species. ATP, but not PNPP, was hydrolyzed slowly in the absence of metal ions with a specific activity of 140 U/mg. These data demonstrate that in vitro and at pH 7.5 rat osseous plate alkaline phosphatase is an active calcium or magnesium-activated ATPase.

TOXIC DILATATION OF THE COLON IN CHAGAS-DISEASE

Toxic megacolon occurs in colitis of differing aetiology. This report describes 15 patients with chagasic megacolon with this complication. The clinical signs and symptoms in all patients were pain and progressive abdominal distension accompanied by fever, severe toxaemia and shock. Seven patients developed this clinical pattern after manual removal of faeces. The remaining patients had pain and abdominal distension followed by signs of severe toxaemia when first examined. Nine patients underwent total colectomy with ileostomy (one death), four partial colectomy (all died) and two received medical treatment (both died). At autopsy, three of the four patients undergoing partial colectomy had residual colitis and enteritis. The surgical procedure of choice for this complication of chagasic megacolon is total colectomy.

Heavy-quark symmetries in the light of nonperturbative QCD approaches

We critically review the validity of heavy-quark spin and flavor symmetries in heavy-light decay constants, form factors and effective couplings obtained within a nonperturbative framework, the ingredients of which are all motivated by Dyson-Schwinger equations studies of QCD. Along the way, we make new predictions for two effective nonphysical couplings: gDsDK = 24.1-1.6 +2.5 and gBsBK = 33.3 -3.7 +4.0. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence.

A new proposed rodent model of chemically induced prostate carcinogenesis: Distinct time-course prostate cancer progression in the dorsolateral and ventral lobes

Background. Characterization of novel rodent models for prostate cancer studies requires evaluation of either spontaneous and carcinogen-induced tumors as well as tumor incidence in different prostatic lobes. We propose a new short-term rodent model of chemically induced prostate carcinogenesis in which prostate cancer progression occurs differentially in the dorsolateral and ventral lobes. Methods. Adult gerbils were treated with MNU alone or associated with testosterone for 3 or 6 months of treatment. Tumor incidence, latency, localization, and immunohistochemistry (AR, PCNA, smooth muscle α-actin, p63, MGMT, and E-cadherin) were studied in both lobes. Results. Comparisons between both lobes revealed that lesions developed first in the DL while the VL presented longer tumor latency. However, after 6 months, there was a dramatic increase in tumor multiplicity in the VL, mainly in MNU-treated groups. Lesions clearly progressed from a premalignant to a malignant phenotype over time and tumor latency was decreased by MNU + testosterone administration. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the prostatic complex showed that the DL developed tumors exclusively in the periurethral area and showed intense AR, PCNA, and MGMT immunostaining. Moreover, VL lesions emerged throughout the entire lobe. MNU-induced lesions presented markers indicative of an aggressive phenotype: lack of basal cells, rupture of the smooth muscle cell layer, loss of E-cadherin, and high MGMT staining. Conclusions. There are distinct pathways involved in tumor progression in gerbil prostate lobes. This animal provides a good model for prostate cancer since it allows the investigation of advanced steps of carcinogenesis with shorter latency periods in both lobes. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Wavespeed measurement in buried water distribution pipes and its significance in leak location

To determine the location of leaks in buried water pipes, acoustic methods are often used. These have proven to be very effective in metallic pipes but have been problematic in modern plastic pipes. In this paper the reason why this is so is discussed together with some measurements that were made on a bespoke test rig built by South Staffs Water plc. A particular problem is the estimate of the wavespeed. Tables are frequently used for this purpose, but these are often inaccurate and this means that a leak cannot be located accurately. An in-situ measure of the wavespeed is thus preferable. In this paper it is shown that there are significant issues in obtaining an accurate estimate of the wavespeed when a leak is present in the system. A method is proposed that overcomes some of these problems, which is discussed and is demonstrated using some data from the bespoke test-rig. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications.

Effect of LLLT on autogenous bone grafts in the repair of critical size defects in the calvaria of immunosuppressed rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Bacterial Cellulose Nanobiocomposites for Dental Materials Scaffolds

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has become established as a remarkably versatile biomaterial and can be used in a wide variety of scientific applications, especially for medical devices. In this work, the bacterial cellulose fermentation process is modified by the addition of chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid (1% w/w) to the culture medium before the bacteria is inoculated. Besides, biomimetic precipitation of calcium phosphate of biological interest from simulated body fluid on bacterial cellulose was studied. Chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid effects in bacterial cellulose were analyzed using transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), XRD (X-ray diffraction) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR analysis showed interaction between bacterial cellulose nanobiocomposites and calcium phosphate. XRD demonstrated amorphous calcium phosphate, carbonated apatite and calcium chloride on bacterial cellulose nanobiocomposites. Monocalcium phosphate monohydrate phase formation [Ca(H2PO4)(2)center dot H2O] are here attested by FTIR, XRD and Ca/P relation.

Cherubism: clinicoradiographic features and treatment

Cherubism is a congenital childhood disease of autosomal dominant inheritance. This disease is characterized by painless bilateral enlargement of the jaws, in which bone is replaced with fibrous tissue. The condition has sui generis clinical, radiographic and histological features, of which the clinician should be aware for a better differential diagnosis in the presence of a fibro-osseous lesion affecting the bones of the maxillomandibular complex. The purpose of present paper was to review the literature and to report the most important aspects of cherubism in order to facilitate the study of this disease. Literature was reviewed about cherubism, emphasizing the relevant clinicoradiographic features and treatment. Literature was selected through a search of PubMed and Scielo electronic databases. The keywords used for search were adolescent, cherubism, cherubism/physiopathology, cherubism/treatment, cherubism/radiography. A manual search of the reference lists of the identified articles and the authors' article files and recent reviews was conducted to identify additional publications. Those studies that described new features about cherubism were included in this review. In total 44 literature sources were obtained and reviewed. Studies that described new features about cherubism physiopathology, diagnostics and treatment were reviewed. Despite the exceptions, cherubism is a clinically well-characterized disease. In cases of a suspicion of cherubism, radiographic examination is essential since the clinical presentation, the location and distribution of the lesions may define the diagnosis. Histopathological examination is complementary. Nowadays, genetic tests should be used for final diagnosis of cherubism.