234 resultados para –Alternativas ao Uso de Animais
em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"
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It is possible in many countries, perhaps all, there is business groups of pharmaceuticals industry, cosmetics together with the universities that use animals in scientific research and testing for the creation of new products and medicines. Currently is growing discussion about standards and criteria for the use of these animals (guinea pigs) and also increases the number of debates on ethical issues in research with animal models. This research seeks to portray the reality of the use of animals in scientific research academic at the University, specifically to research in physical education, as it has used animals in the areas of Physiology of Sport and Physical Activity, Nutrition for Athletes, among others. Initially is shown the pre-reflection, exposing the laws governing the subject, treating the animal experimentation with regard to its history and the issues of speciesism and the methodological mistake. It reveals what it is and as is the use of animals in education and the inability of the student to change that reality, to refuse to participate in the cruel activity, and even they are aware of their rights as in the case of the withdrawal of consciousness. Presents researchers and universities not use animals and ends the pre-debate showing Who is really the most animal research at the university by providing alternatives for them. We conducted a literature survey on animal experimentation, research universities, and alternative methods. The following is the phenomenon in understanding and awareness of the researchers who use animals in their research, conducting a phenomenological analysis of his speeches, revealing the meanings of their animal research. The focus of this study is, therefore, the analysis of discourses of researchers who carried out research using animal experiments (guinea pigs). The phenomenon of understanding of the researchers about their research is made clear... (Complete abstract click ectronic access below)
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O estudo tem por objetivo documentar o uso de animais na medicina caseira entre ribeirinhos do rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de 92 entrevistas e de observações sobre o conhecimento e as práticas cotidianas de uso de animais medicinais. Cerca de 60 espécies animais são conhecidas com propósitos medicinais. O conhecimento é bem distribuído entre os sexos (homens e mulheres) e entre localidades (urbano e rural). O uso de animais medicinais está imerso em conceitos etiológicos e envolve uma complexa visão cosmológica do processo de cura. O êxodo rural e o acesso facilitado à medicina ocidental podem promover a perda dos conhecimentos tradicionais, o que pode ser mitigado através da valorização e da transmissão desses saberes às futuras gerações.
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Sheep and goat farming requires an efficient management program, due to losses caused by parasites in susceptible animals. Many factors may collaborate to improve infection tolerance in the herd, such as: genetics, nutrition, physiological status, and age. The problem caused by resistance to antihelmintic agents has led to the spread of alternative techniques for parasite controls. The latest strategies include selective treatment with the FAMACHA method, phytotherapy, biological control with predatory fungi, and strategies that still await scientific confirmation, such as homeopathy, the dilution of resistance with the introduction of susceptible parasites, and the combination of drugs without antihelmintic effect. The main objective of these methods is to reduce the usage of antiparasitic agents, thus slowing the development of resistance and promoting the better use of effective products and newly released products. The objective of this article is to describe techniques for controlling nematodes in small ruminants, and it is aimed at technicians interested in increasing their knowledge about the mechanisms of resistance to antihelmintic agents as well as alternatives to the use of these products.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer in dogs. It affects most commonly dogs of big or giant breeds with 7 to 8 years and the etiology is unknown. Osteosarcoma is defined as a bone matrix-producing malignant mesenchymal tumor and has a predilection for the metaphyseal region of appendicular skeleton, however, it can affect axial skeleton and soft tissues. Distal radius is the most commonly affected site. The definitive diagnosis of osteosarcoma can be obtained with history, physical examination, radiographs and biopsy. Lung is the most common organ for metastatic disease. The mainly treatment for osteosarcoma is limb amputation and systemic chemotherapy for metastatic disease control. Limb-sparing surgery is a viable alternative to amputation for dogs with concomitant conditions that impede limb amputation. Palliative treatments for osteosarcoma have been studied such as local and systemic radiotherapy, immunotherapy and biphosphonates. This study has the objective of presenting the aspects of diagnosis and treatment for appendicular osteosarcoma
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The use of laboratory animals in conjunction with research on the human organism provides a basis for on understanding of several important physiological and pathological processes. Besides, the results of experimental studies enable technical and safety improvements to be made in surgical techniques used in the medical clinic. As living biological material is involved, we should guarantee its physical well-being, taking into account microbiological contamination and the genetics, nutrition and correct manipulation of the animals, in order to avoid incorrect conclusions from the experiments or unnecessarily large numbers of animals being used. In parallel with the concerns and legislation on the use of laboratory animals, there is also a growing preoccupation with the welfare and safety of those who handle the laboratory animals, since they run the risk of acquiring occupational diseases through contact with zoonotic pathogens or developing allergies. Prevention requires the application of modern technological advances in the design of the animal house and in the work routines. Unfortunately, few establishments in Brazil possess staff with adequate training and a basic infrastructure of research that includes the laboratory animal breeding centers, equivalent to those existing ones in the United States and Europe.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Os distúrbios do sistema nervoso central mais comuns relatados no mundo são a ansiedade e a depressão, com grande incidência de casos nos quais aparecem juntos. Os tratamentos utilizados na clínica além de não serem efetivos na totalidade dos casos podem, por vezes, apresentar diversos efeitos não desejados. Assim, na busca novas drogas mais efetivas e com menor incidência de efeitos adversos, a Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson aparece como uma alternativa. Esta espécie vegetal é utilizada na aromaterapia como na prevenção do estresse, ansiedade e depressão (BIRD, 2003). A busca de novas ferramentas terapêuticas depende do uso de animais de experimentação, e com as discussões na sociedade científica sobre o uso de animais, há uma maior preocupação em se desenvolver novas técnicas experimentais onde se possa aplicar os conceitos dos 3Rs objetivando a redução (Replacement) do número de animais, sua substituição (Reduction) e o refinamento (Refinement) das técnicas experimentais. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a atividade ansiolítica e antidepressiva do óleo essencial (OE) de Cananga odorata, em animais que foram sucessivamente submetidos a testes para avaliar a atividade motora, ansiolítica e antidepressiva. Camundongos machos foram tratados por via oral com OE nas doses de 0,1; 1, 10 e 100 mg/kg, e após 30 minutos foram submetidos ao teste do Campo Aberto, da Caixa Claro-Escuro e Suspensão pela Cauda, nesta ordem, com um intervalo de 30 minutos entre eles. Os resultados indicaram que a seqüência de testes é adequada para a avaliação destas atividades com economia de tempo, animais e drogas
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV