Gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviços de saúde da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Pronto Socorro do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP

Health care waste (HCW) is the type of waste that results from activities performed in health care services during care provision to humans or animals. Presently, according to RDC 306/04, issued in 2004 by Anvisa, and Resolution no. 358/05, by CONAMA, waste groups have the following classification: Group A (biological waste), Group B (chemical waste), Group C (waste containing radionucleotides), Group D (common waste) and Group E (piercing and cutting waste). In Brazil, 149 tons of wastes are collected every day, and HCW corresponds to approximately 1% to 3 % of that total. An efficient way to adequately manage HCW is through the Health Care Waste Management Plan (HCWMP), and it is possible to reduce the risk posed by certain materials in addition to ensuring disposal in an ecologically correct and economical fashion. According to the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO), the management process enables health care establishments to adequately manage waste. Hence, there is greater control and reduction in the health risks caused by infectious or special waste, in addition to facilitated recycling, treatment, storage, transport and final disposal of solid hospital waste in an environmentally safe fashion. To evaluate the management of HCW of Groups A and D from the Intensive Care Unit of the University Emergency Hospital - FMB - UNESP in the city of Botucatu according to the guidelines presently in force. The waste flow was followed up, and during four random days in the month of September 2011, waste was quantified by estimating daily and monthly values, according to its classification. : In 2011, the University hospital has produced an average of 57,676.8 kg/month of biological and common waste. By adding Groups A and D, during the four days, approximately 209.8 Kg of waste (202.2 Kg of Group A and 7.6 Kg of Group D) were produced in the establishment under study, which... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de sistemas líquido-cristalinos para aplicação tópica de metotrexato: estudo da bioadesão e ensaios biológicos in vitro

A psoríase é uma doença inflamatória relativamente comum da pele e das articulações, podendo se tornar crônica. Nos últimos anos, a expansão do arsenal terapêutico para o paciente com psoríase tem permitido aos médicos combaterem, de forma mais agressiva, a patogênese da doença. Um fármaco utilizado para o tratamento é o metotrexato, que, apesar de ser bastante eficaz, possui potencial para a toxicidade sistêmica, como toxicidade hematológica, hepática e pulmonar. Sendo assim, muita atenção tem sido dada ao desenvolvimento de novos veículos com o objetivo não só de aumentar a eficácia terapêutica de substâncias ativas, como também de permitir a redução da sua dose total necessária, minimizando os efeitos colaterais tóxicos. Os cristais-líquidos são sistemas promissores para aplicação tópica, pois promovem liberação controlada de fármacos, contribuindo para amenizar efeitos adversos, por exemplo, do metotrexato. Uma vez que há possibilidade de as substâncias incorporadas em formulações tópicas serem absorvidas pela pele e mucosas, existe a necessidade de garantir que as formulações sejam seguras. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a bioadesão e a citotoxicidade in vitro de três sistemas líquido-cristalinos contendo metotrexato para o tratamento da psoríase. Resultados de bioadesão revelaram que as três formulações analisadas apresentaram forças bioadesivas próximas, sendo o sistema A mais bioadesivo. Com relação a estudos de reologia, houve comportamento de fluido não-newtoniano, pseudoplástico e tixotrópico. Além disso, a adição de metotrexato à formulação A, aumentou a viscosidade do sistema. Ensaios de citotoxicidade sugerem a possibilidade de liberação prolongada de metotrexato, contribuindo para o aumento da viabilidade celular

Riscos e qualidade ambiental urbana no caso de Cajamar (SP)

O presente trabalho teve o intuito de resgatar o fenômeno ocorrido em agosto de 1986, no município de Cajamar, onde ocorreu o primeiro caso de formação de dolinas de subsidência e colapso no Brasil em área urbana. Mostra-se assim, através de interpretações da Fisiologia da Paisagem do local atingido, o modo que a cidade se reorganizou após o impacto, tanto na questão ambiental, como nas questões sociais e urbanas, através de entrevistas, relatando o modo de vida e as condições que se encontram a população e o local atingido neste episódio, sendo constatada então, a estabilidade do solo na área em questão

Diagnóstico dos riscos e impactos ambientais da suinocultura no Ribeirão dos Pinheirinhos, município de Torrinha, (SP)

The porcine activity is characterized by its great pollution capacity, generally produce loads of waste that usually are released in superficial water or soil without concern for the consequences to the environment. With this in mind, this study aimed to adjust the porcine production to the protection of water resources, in particular, Ribeirão dos Pinheirinhos in the town of Torrinha (SP), through inventory and diagnosis of the environmental impacts already present and environmental hazards linked to the activity in question. To achieve the proposed objectives, the productions of porcine on the studied area were raised and georeferenced, viewed and analyzed according to the technical and scientific literature. The production visited showed to be at odds with the protection of water resources due to lack of technical criteria in the development of treatment systems and waste handling, indiscriminate use of effluent and waste in the fertilization of crops and the lack of knowledge of producers on the influence of porcine waste into the environment. Based on these results, were set guidelines for action in the environmental awareness of farmers, to stimulate voluntary and conscious initiatives of environmental conservation in the direction of settlement of the activity.

Caracterização fitoquímica e ensaios biológicos de Coleus blumei Benth

Coleus blumei Benth (Lamiaceae), popularly known in Brazil as heart-hurt or coleus-of-Java is an ornamental plant widely used due to the color of its leaves. Several species of the genus Coleus present compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial and allopathic activities due to the presence of chemicals such coleonol, forskolin and rosmarinic acid. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out phytochemical study and biological tests to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant and allopathic activities of the 70% ethanol extract and its fractions ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and end aqueous fraction leaf of Coleus blumei Benth. The plant extract was prepared by turbolisis from the powder of dried leaves, as a solvent for extraction using 70% ethanol. The ethanol extract was fractionated with solvents dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. The phytochemical study identified the presence of saponins, free anthraquinones, flavonoids and anthocyanidins. In evaluating the antibacterial dichloromethane fraction showed activity against all microorganisms tested both in agar diffusion test and microdilution test. The 70% ethanol extract showed activity against the micro-organisms S. aureus and S. epidermidis in agar diffusion test and against all microorganisms tested in microdilution test. The ethyl acetate fraction showed activity against the micro-organism S. aureus in the agar diffusion test and against all microorganisms tested in microdilution test. The end aqueous fraction showed no activity against any micro-organism tested. In the test of evaluation activity allopathic dichloromethane fraction showed greater inhibition of seed germination and growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), followed by 70% ethanolic extract, the ethyl acetate fraction and the end aqueous fraction. In testing the antioxidant activity with DPPH ethyl acetate fraction showed higher antioxidant activity followed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Riscos e desastres ambientais causados por inundações em áreas urbanas: um estudo da paisagem sob a visão sistêmica

For a long time, humankind has lived together with flooding, and lately, those events have grown enormously, in particular, in the urban areas from lots of Brazilian cities. The flooding has been causing uncountable disadvantages to population and to the cities. The present paper aimed to study, through a bibliographic review, the risks and natural disasters caused by those events. Trying to approach their causes and effects under a systemic view it emphasized the landscape point.

Uso de plantas medicinais em comunidades religiosas no Brasil: conhecimento tradicional & riscos potenciais

O Brasil caracteriza-se pela pluralidade cultural e religiosa. Muitas religiões, como a Umbanda, o Candomblé e o Espiritismo, utilizam plantas em rituais ou com o intuito de combater doenças. No combate das doenças, as plantas medicinais são utilizadas com base no conhecimento tradicional, muitas vezes distorcido pela sociedade moderna. Portanto, há um risco inerente nesta prática, pois o efeito das plantas medicinais está relacionado à presença de substâncias químicas, geralmente metabólitos secundários, as quais exercem ação farmacológica de forma análoga aos fármacos sintéticos, bem como podem produzir reações adversas ou intoxicação. Além disso, o uso adequado das plantas medicinais envolve conhecimento sobre seu cultivo, colheita/coleta, modo de preparo, posologia e indicação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o uso de plantas medicinais por comunidades religiosas e avaliar o risco de sua utilização com base em evidências científicas. Concluiu-se no trabalho que a maioria das plantas utilizadas está de acordo, totalmente, ou em parte com as indicações de uso na medicina popular ou respaldadas por estudos científicos. Porém, algumas das plantas medicinais utilizadas apresentam alta toxicidade e a indicação de uso de algumas outras, não condiz com estudos científicos ou uso na medicina popular

Diagnóstico ambiental do Córrego Bandeirantes, município de Rio Claro, SP: parâmetros biológicos e metais-traço

This study was conducted to verify water quality and environmental impacts related to the occupation of the watershed of the Bandeirantes stream, located in Rio Claro, SP. The intention is to propose measures to enable the mitigation of negative impacts, and boosting the recovery and maintenance of the quality of water resources, preventing its complete degradation. Water analysis were performed at three different points, east, crossing the Ring Road (dirt road) and near the confluence with the Ribeirão Claro. The results indicated significant degradation of water, especially after the crossing, where it witnessed the accumulation of solid waste and easy access to the stream, both for animals as for people, due to limited riparian it. Another impact was observed the current construction of the Forum of Rio Claro in the right side of the stream studied, causing change in the landscape, change the flow properties and removal of existing vegetation at the site of work, defined as an environmentally protected area, as determined by existing law. Measures such as: restoration of riparian zones, effluent treatment, planned urban growth and environmental education of the population, would be essential to mitigate the environmental impacts of watershed Bandeirantes stream

Classificação e quantificação de tecidos Biológicos para construção de fantomas pediátricos

Paediatric diagnostic radiology can be considered as a separate specialty and with distinct characteristics of the radiology applied in adult patients. This in reason of the variability in the anatomical structures size and bigger sensitivity of tissues. The literature present in its majority methodologies for segmentation and tissue classification in adult patients, and works on tissue quantification are rare. This work had for objective the development of a biological tissue classifier and quantifier algorithm, from histograms, and that converts the quantified average thickness of these tissues for its respective simulator materials. The results will be used in the optimization process of paediatrics images, in future works, since these patients are frequently over exposed to the radiation in the repeated attempts of if getting considered good quality radiographic images. The developed algorithm was capable to read and store the name of all the archives, in the operational system, to filter artifacs, to count and quantify each biological tissues from the histogram of the examination, to obtain the biological tissues average thicknesses and to convert this value into its respective simulator material. The results show that it is possible to distinguish bone, soft, fat and pulmonary tissues from histograms of tomographic examinations of thorax. The quantification of the constituent materials of anthropomorphic phantom made by the algorithm, compared with the data of literature shows that the biggest difference was of 21,6% for bone. However, the literature shows that variations of up to 30% in bone thickness do not influence of significant form in the radiographic image quality. The average thicknesses of biological tissues, quantified for paediatrics patients, show that one phantom can simulate patients with distinct DAP ranges, since variations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Dinâmica populacional de Zaprionus indianus Gupta 1970 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) e caracterização de alguns aspectos biológicos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Teores elevados de metais potencialmente tóxicos em amostras de fertilizantes

A contaminação do solo por metais potencialmente tóxicos constitui um dos principais problemas ambientais. Por meio da lixiviação e percolação das águas, esses metais podem ser mobilizados e vir a contaminar mananciais superficiais e subterrâneos, comprometendo sua qualidade. A biodisponibilização desses metais para as plantas e, a partir dessas, para o homem é outro desfecho negativo dessa situação. O cádmio é um elemento tóxico. Os teores encontrados nos solos costumam não oferecer riscos. Porém, esses teores são potencializados pela utilização de fertilizantes. O níquel pode ser carcinogênico em doses elevadas. Sua presença em fertilizantes fosfatados proporciona maiores concentrações do metal no solo. É amplo o registro sobre efeitos do excesso desses metais, tanto em plantas, quanto em animais e no ser humano. O manganês é um dos elementos mais abundantes na crosta terrestre e se encontra largamente distribuído em solos, sedimentos, rochas, água e materiais biológicos. Contrariamente aos dois metais anteriores, esse micronutriente é um elemento essencial ao ser humano. Sua carência causa inúmeras enfermidades, por outro lado, seu excesso também. Nesse caso, poucos são os relatos sobre o assunto. Nesse estudo foram utilizados métodos de extração de metais de fertilizantes e se constatou que, quando presentes, os metais cádmio e níquel apresentaram concentrações proibitivas o que é motivo de preocupação e demonstra a falta de controle sobre a indústria de insumos agrícolas. Para o manganês não há parâmetros orientadores com limites de teores, mas com certeza, são necessários trabalhos nesse sentido para se evitar seu consumo indiscriminado.

Avaliação da Taxa de Exposição em Exames Radiológicos Realizados em Procedimentos Cirúrgicos - Minimização dos Riscos em Indivíduos Ocupacionalmente Expostos

This paper consists in the evaluation of the exposure rate to ionizing radiation to which professionals working in surgical procedures which require radiological examinations are subjected. Were initially performed real-time readings of exposure rate within four distinct operating rooms during the execution of four surgical procedures that made use of fluoroscopy equipment (including three orthopedic surgeries, one in the shoulder, one in the arm, another for deployment of metal pin in the leg region, and a fourth for vascular procedure); in these surgeries were used ionization chamber detector and an electrometer. In order to check the values achieved, was made a re-evaluation of the distribution of the rate of exposure to radiation, from the surgical procedures, now with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). For this, thirty TLDs were distributed in the operating rooms, arranged in points of interest as occupation by professionals. The TLDs were prepared for thirty consecutive days, after which they were removed and replaced with new dosimeters not exposed yet. The dosimeters were subjected to reading of the rate of exposure; this procedure was repeated for four months without interruption. The quantification of the results sought primarily to convert the rate of exposure for equivalent dose rate, both in measurements with ionization chamber as in measurements with TLDs, in order to highlight the presence of the biological effect of ionizing radiation for comparisons within scientific context. Then, the results were plotted to establish the relationship between the values of equivalent dose and the distance to the central axis of the x -ray source, confirming the inverse square law for distance. Finally, the values were associated with the maximum limit recommended by the legislation for occupationally exposed individuals. The methodology for the analysis and quantification of the data in this work aims at implementing a work plan that meets ...

Efeitos biológicos do laser de baixa potência sobre o cultivo de células-tronco mesenquimais provenientes do tecido adiposo e da medula óssea de cães

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Aspectos biológicos, morfometria e técnica de criação de Abaris basistriata Chaudoir, 1873 e Selenophorus seriatoporus Putzeys, 1878 (Coleoptera: carabidae)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Aplicação de cinza de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar nos atributos químicos e biológicos do solo

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV