Key to the soldiers of Atlantitermes Fontes 1979, with a new species from Brazil (Isoptera Termitidae Nasutitermitinae)

A soldier-based key for the identification of the species of the neotropical termite genus Atlantitermes Fontes 1979 is presented. The diagnostic characters for the genus are reviewed and discussed, and the upturned nasus is excluded bacause it is not present in the soldier of every species. A. stercophilus n. sp., from the cerrado vegetation of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is described and illustrated. A. osborni (Emerson 1925) is recorded for the first time in the cerrado vegetation of southeastern Brazil. Drawings of the soldier of A. kirbyi (Snyder 1926) are presented for the first time.

Planejamento de Fontes Reativas em Sistemas de Energia Elétrica utilizando a técnica de Decomposição de Benders e o algoritmo de Branch-and-Bound

This paper presents the Benders decomposition technique and Branch and Bound algorithm used in the reactive power planning in electric energy systems. The Benders decomposition separates the planning problem into two subproblems: an investment subproblem (master) and the operation subproblem (slave), which are solved alternately. The operation subproblem is solved using a successive linear programming (SLP) algorithm while the investment subproblem, which is an integer linear programming (ILP) problem with discrete variables, is resolved using a Branch and Bound algorithm especially developed to resolve this type of problem.

Amônia (NH3) atmosférica: Fontes, transformação, sorvedouros e métodos de análise

Ammonia is the most common alkaline gas of the atmosphere, being important in the neutralization of various processes that occur in the atmosphere. Its main sources of emission are the decomposition of organic matter and dejections of animals. Ammonia is used by man in diverse activities of production, therefore it is a gas that can contaminate work environments. Measurements of ammonia concentration in some parts of the world have shown great spatial and weather variation. This large variability makes it difficult to estimate the input of reduced nitrogen to different ecosystems from measurements.

Fontes de potássio não trocável e potássio total em quatro solos do Estado do Ceará

The mineralogical composition of the soil plow layer (0-20 cm) was analyzed for the following soil suborders (according to the Brazilian soil taxonomy): Neossolo Quartzarênico. Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, Cambissolo Háplico and Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo which samples were collected from different regions of the Ceará State. The present study had the objectives of identifying potential sources of both total and non-exchangeable potassium forms for plants located at the different soil fractions. Then highest content of K occurred in the Cabissolo Háplico soil, including both the total and non-exchangeable K forms. In the Neossolo Quartzarênico. Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo and Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, the highest contents of both forms of potassium were impregnated at the sand fraction. The amount of potassium found in the both sand and silt fractions has its origin in the orthoclase mineral which was detected in the mineralogical analysis. In the clay fractio, the origin of the potassium is illite and a inter-stratified mineral (mica+montmorillonite). As compared with the total content, the amount of non-exchangeable potassium is low for all the four soils. It was more concentrated at clay fraction of the Cambissolo soil. The potassium content sequence in the soil was the following: Cambissolo Háplico > Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo > Neossolo Quartzarênico > Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. The results showed that the distribution of the forms of potassium among the soils differ as a function of the nature of the dominating minerals detected in the mineralogical analysis (illite and orthoclase) which was discussed above.

Fontes de distorções da rede geodésica Brasileira

The Brazilian Geodetic Network started to be established in the early 40's, employing classical surveying methods, such as triangulation and trilateration. With the introduction of satellite positioning systems, such as TRANSIT and GPS, that network was densified. That data was adjusted by employing a variety of methods, yielding distortions in the network that need to be understood. In this work, we analyze and interpret study cases in an attempt to understand the distortions in the Brazilian network. For each case, we performed the network adjustment employing the GHOST software suite. The results show that the distortion is least sensitive to the removal of invar baselines in the classical network. The network would be more affected by the inexistence of Laplace stations and Doppler control points, with differences up to 4.5 m.

Utilização de nitrato de amônio e de uréia como fontes de nitrogênio na micropropagação de amoreira-preta

The high cost allied to the difficulty in the acquisition of the ammonium nitrate has been taking the accomplishment of works looking for an alternative for the substitution of this source of nitrogen. It was aimed at to study the technical viability of the substitution of the ammonium nitrate for urea, as source of nitrogen in the culture media for the blackberry in vitro cv. Tupy (Rubus sp). Nodal segments were used, already established in vitro, were inoculated in culture media MS and 50% MS, added of 1.0 mg. dm-3 of BAP, solidified with 6 g.dm-3 of agar, pH was adjusted for 5,8 and sterilized to 121 °C and 0,1 MPa for 20 min. The treatments consisted of the substitution of 0; 20; 40; 60; 80 and 100% of NH4NO3 for urea, and the swinging of nitrogen supplied by the culture media MS it was not altered. The explants were maintained by 60 days in growth room with temperature of 27±1 °C, photoperiod of 16 h and luminous intensity of 32 mmol m'2 s'1. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, in factorial (6 x 2) using four repetitions with 16 plants each one. From the obtained results it can be concluded that the urea doesn't substitute NH 4NO3 in the culture media MS as nitrogen source in the culture vitro of blackberry.

Influência de fontes de nitrogênio no consumo e digestibilidade aparente total e parcial de novilhos alimentados com cana- deaçúcar

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources, using sugarcane supplemented with urea, corn gluten meal-60 or soybean meal. It was evaluated Intake, total and partial apparent digestibility were evaluated using four rumen and duodenal cannulated crossbred steers. The treatments were evaluated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The total feces were collected to determine the apparent digestibility on the total intestinal tract. The indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) was used as marker of duodenal flux to determine ruminal and intestinal digestibility and dry matter daily flux. The DM, OM, CP, EE, DE, NDF, ADF and TC intakes and digestibility rates were influenced by nitrogen sources, and lower intake was observed in animals fed exclusively with cane sugar compared to animals fed the other experimental diets. Meanwhile the sources of nitrogen did not affect the total digestible nutrients (TDN) values. The RDP sources did not affect the total, ruminal, and intestinal nutrients apparent digestibility. However, the total, ruminal, and intestinal dry matter, and protein apparent digestibility were affected by the RDP sources.

Diferentes fontes proteicas em rações de leitões sobre atividade da tripsina e parâmetros sangüíneos

Were used 64 piglets submitted eight treatments: ration with skim milk (SM), three rations with crescent levels of swine plasma (SP), three rations with whole egg (WE) and a ration with high inclusion of soybean meal (SB). Were monitored the blood parameters (BP) in pigs at 27 and at 34 days of age. The piglets were slaugther at 28 and at 35 days of age, for collections pancreas and posterior mensurements of absolut (AW) and relative weigth (RW) of pancreas and trypsin activity (TA). Treatments not influencied AW and TA. Significant effect of the crescent levels was verified of SP, with lineal reduction of the leukocytes and increase of the globular volume, to the 27 days; while to the 34 days, lineal increase of the hematias was observed. At 27 days, animals feds rations with crescent levels of SP have inferior percentage of eosinophils than others that consumed crescent levels of WE. The utilization of SP promoted smaller stimulus to the immune reply, while the use of WE promoted larger humoral reply of the piglets.

Resposta plasmática de glicose e insulina em eqüinos alimentados com diferentes fontes de amido

This study was aimed to measure the plasmatic response of glucose and insulin of horses fed diets containing different starch sources, like corn, oat, sorghum and a mix of corn and oat in equal parts. Four standarbred gelding 36 month old an weighing average of 350 kg were used in a Latin Square 4 x 4 (four animals, four treatments and four period) trial design. No statistical differences were observed in plasmatic glucose levels either before or after ingestion between treatments. Maximum plasmatic level of glucose was observed in all diets two and a half hours post ingestion. Insulin plasmatic level was significantly lower before ingestion in horses treated with the mixed corn and oat diet, when compared with the other treatments. In the other hand, the insulin plasmatic level in horses fed corn-formulated diet was statistically higher than the others treatments at three hours and a half after ingestion. Diets containing different sources of starch had no effect in time neither quantity of glucose absorbed in small intestine. Variation observed in insulin plasmatic levels indicate that a proper feeding can have a regulatory effect of this hormone, avoiding undesirable's behaviors.

A máscara chinesa: Notas sobre uso das fontes produzidas pelo aparato repressivo da ditadura militar

The methodological aspects which the historians face when using documents produced by the Brazilian military dictatorship on the leftist movements which intended to trigger the revolutionary struggle are analyzed. Whereas the strategy of the repressive regime in producing and establishing the 'truth' is enhanced, the resistance strategies of the political forces targeted by the repressive apparatus are investigated. The documents on the political organization called Marxist-Leninist Popular Movement have been employed.

Analisando imagens: Um ensaio sobre a criação de fontes narrativas para compreender os Grupos Escolares

This paper is an essay on how photos can be analysed and used to create narratives which may serve as resources for historical studies about school practices. As an exercise, we deal with six old photographs taken in Grupos Escolares, a Brazilian educational institution founded in the last decade of the 19th Century and extinguished in the 1970's. According to some authors, these schools represented the beginning of the public educational system in Brazil.

Inversor CS Boost monofásico em aplicações com fontes renováveis

This paper presents a new methodology for the operation and control of a single-phase current-source (CS) Boost Inverter, considering that the conventional current-source inverter (CSI) has a right-half-plane (RHP) zero in its control-to-output transfer function, and this RHP zero causes the known non-minimum-phase effects. In this context, a special design with low boost inductance and a multi-loop control is developed in order to assure stable and very fast dynamics. Furthermore, the Inverter presents output voltage with very low total harmonic distortion (THD), reduced components and high power density. Therefore, this paper presents the inverter operation, the proposed control technique, and main simulation and experimental results in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposal. © 2010 IEEE.

Fontes e parcelamento do nitrogênio em cobertura, na cultura do milho sob plantio direto

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Cavas históricas de ouro do Jaraguá: o que resta para se preservar?

The Historical Jaraguá Gold Caves are vestiges of excavations in weathered rock, dating back to the Brazilian colonial times, situated NW of Jaraguá peak, in the São Paulo municipality (SP). The areas were investigated to support historical preservation innitiatives. The excavations have lateral steep slopes and a narrow fat bottom zone, occupied by dense vegetation. The trace of the excavations is sinuous, trending N40-50W, in accordance to a transition zone of Neoproterozoic rocks: metapelites and metapsamites by the SW side and calc-silicate rocks and amphybolites at NE. The structural control results from three successive deformation phases. Urban expansion and road construction, during the last 30 years, have strongly impacted the areas: (I) Base of Quebra-Pé hill; (II) Jardim Britânia; (III) Morro Doce; (IV) Nova Anhangüera Park. A 5 th site was disfgured by earthworks. The Jardim Britânia area is partly discharacterized by earthflls; this however does not impede further protection actions. This framework allows to recommend authorities: (1) to permit immediate preservation of these areas; (2) to develop programs to build an integrated site for scientifc diffusion or an educational center for exhibition of rocks, ores and mineral samples; (3) to support the interest of some owners to preserve the area called Morro Doce, (4) to put forward a few proposals for educational use of the excavations, by production of feld guides on the historic sites. The alternatives will help keeping alive the memory of mining in the São Paulo State.

Dinâmica de cátions na raiz e folhas de berinjela cultivada sobre doses crescentes de potássio oriundas de duas fontes

This study was conducted at the Department of Plant Production, Sector Horticulture, UNESP - Botucatu, SP, Brazil, in order to assess the dynamics of cationic nutrients in roots and leaves and effects on dry matter production of roots and shoots in eggplant grown on conditions of increasing doses of potassium from two distinct sources (KCl and K 2SO 4). The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks in factorial 2 × 4 (two sources of potassium, KCl and K 2SO 4 and four doses of each source equivalent, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 kg ha -1 K 2O) comprising eight treatments with three replicates. For the experiment we used Oxisol medium texture (615 g of sand, silt 45 g and 340 g clay per kg soil). The characteristics evaluated were: soil electrical conductivity, mass of shoot and root material, content and ratio of K +, Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in roots and leaves of eggplant. We conclude that excessive doses of sources of K 2O affected the production of dry matter of roots and shoots, as well as electrical conductivity. The accumulation and the relationship of Ca2+/K+, Mg 2+/K + were affected by increased K + concentration; K 2SO 4 was the fertilizer that was less damaging.