Treinamento aeróbio de natação aumenta a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes e o conteúdo de glicogênio no musculoesquelético de ratos

INTRODUCTION: Studies which verified the effects of physical exercise on oxidative stress biomarkers and its relation to muscle glycogen are lack. OBJECTIVE: The present study verified the effects of aerobic swimming training (AST) on biomarkers of oxidative stress, glycogen content and cell growth in the skeletal muscle of rats. METHODS: Eighteen male Wistar rats (60 days) were divided into two groups: Sedentary Group (SG; n = 10): sedentary rats; and Trained Group (TG; n = 8): rats subjected to AST (5.0% of body weight), 1h/day, 5x/week, during 8 weeks. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (AOE) superoxide dismutase (SOD; U/ml), catalase (CAT; µmol/min/100mg), glutathione peroxidase (GPx; nmol/min/100mg), and substances that react with thiobarbituric acid levels (TBARs; nmolMDA/mg protein) were determined in the right gastrocnemius muscle. Glycogen (mg/100mg), protein (g/100g), and DNA (g/100g) contents were evaluated in the left gastrocnemius muscle. Data were analyzed by Student t-test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: AOE activity was higher in the TG group (CAT: 0.87 ± 0.04; SOD: 6.49 ± 0.45; GPX: 6.49 ± 0.52) when compared to SG group (CAT: 0.52 ± 0.03; SOD: 4.10 ± 0.37; GPx: 2.87 ± 0.35). TBARs levels was lower in TG (TG: 2.35 ± 0.45; SG: 8.90 ± 0.47). Gastrocnemius glycogen content (SG: 0.108 ± 0.013; TG: 0.320 ± 0.012) and protein/DNA ratio (SG: 24.94 ± 3.25; TG: 41.68 ± 4.02) were higher in TG group. CONCLUSION: Altogether, these data provide evidence that AST improved antioxidant defense, which may be associated to higher glycogen content of skeletal muscle of the animals.

Effect of 808 nm low-level laser therapy in exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue in elderly women

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito do treinamento físico sobre o perfil metabólico e ósseo de ratos recém-desmamados

Introduction: The practice of moderate-intensity exercise can reduce the risk of infections and improve metabolic aspects of the person. Objective: To investigate the effects of aerobic physical training on endocrine and metabolic aspects, bone and immune system. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were divided in two groups: sedentary (GS) and trained group (TG). Training program consisted in swimming, 6 weeks, supporting a workload corresponding to 5% of body weight. At the end of the experiment, were performed counting total and differential leukocyte count and hematocrit. After training period, were analyzed glucose, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, liver and muscle samples for the determination of the levels of glycogen, and determination of the tibia length and bone area. All dependent variables were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a significance level of P < 0.05 was used for all comparisons. Results: Hematocrit (%) analyzed showed a significant difference, with higher values for TG (54.63 +/- 1.41) than for the GS (49.5 +/- 1.65). The total leukocyte count was not significantly different, as there was no difference in the differential count. Total cholesterol showed significant decrease in GT (GT = 68.27 +/- 13.71 mg/dL; GS = 94.44 +/- 28.09), the total protein levels also showed significant reduction (GT = 7.3 +/- 0,40 g/dL; GS = 7.74 +/- 0.36 g/dL) glucose levels and triglyceride showed no significant differences. The bone length showed a significant difference (GT = 40 +/- 0.14 mm; CG = 42.10 +/- 0.12mm). The tibial area showed the lowest value for the GT (1.53 +/- 0.12cm(2)) than for the GS (1.67 +/- 0.18cm(2)) however the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: It can be concluded that aerobic exercise training is able to produce some unique physiological changes in young rats. There is also the need to prescribe exercises that meet the particular maturational stage of development.

Spatial memory in sedentary and trained diabetic rats: Molecular mechanisms

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Exercise training decreases mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-3 expression and suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis in obese mice

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos da poluição atmosférica no sistema respiratório de indivíduos praticantes de exercício físico aeróbio em ambiente aberto e fechado

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbico sobre a expressão da miostatina e o trofismo de músculos esqueléticos e cardíaco de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos com insuficiência cardíaca

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito de um programa de treinamento funcional de curta duração sobre a composição corporal de mulheres na pós-menopausa

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Treinamento concorrente e o treinamento funcional promovem alterações benéficas na composição corporal e esteatose hepática não alcoólica de jovens obesos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

High intensity exercise training worsens alveolar destruction in pulmonary emphysema rats

OBJECTIVE: Investigation of standard intensities of physical exercise is important to better comprehend and develop rehabilitation programs for emphysema. We aimed to evaluate the effects of different intensities (moderate and high-intensity) of physical exercise on the development of a protease-induced (papain intratracheal instillation) emphysema in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly separated into five groups that received intratracheal instillation of papain solution or vehicle: (i) papain high intensity exercise, (ii) papain moderate exercise, (iii) saline high intensity exercise, (iv) saline sedentary and (v) papain sedentary. Forty days after intratracheal instillation, the exercise groups were submitted to an exercise-training protocol on a treadmill during 10 weeks, 5 days/week, at 0.9 km/h (Papain and saline high exercise), or at 0.6 km/h (papain moderate exercise).We measured respiratory system elastance and resistance, the collagen fiber lung parenchyma, and the pulmonary mean linear intercept. RESULTS: All animal groups that received papain instillation presented higher alveolar wall destruction compared to animals that received only saline solution. The papain high intensity exercise group presented higher values of mean linear intercept compared to emphysema groups that were trained at a moderate intensity or not submitted to exercise. CONCLUSION: High intensity exercise training worsened alveolar destruction in an experimental model of emphysema in rats when compared to moderate intensity exercise, or to no exercise.

Carbohydrate and glutamine supplementation modulates the Th1/Th2 balance after exercise performed at a simulated altitude of 4500 m

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate or glutamine supplementation, or a combination of the two, on the immune system and inflammatory parameters after exercise in simulated hypoxic conditions at 4500 m.Methods: Nine men underwent three sessions of exercise at 70% VO2(peak) until exhaustion as follows: 1) hypoxia with a placebo; 2) hypoxia with 8% maltodextrin (200 mL/20 min) during exercise and for 2 h after; and 3) hypoxia after 6 d of glutamine supplementation (20 g/d) and supplementation with 8% maltodextrin (200 mL/20 min) during exercise and for 2 h after. All procedures were randomized and double blind. Blood was collected at rest, immediately before exercise, after the completion of exercise, and 2 h after recovery. Glutamine, cortisol, cytokines, glucose, heat shock protein-70, and erythropoietin were measured in serum, and the cytokine production from lymphocytes was measured.Results: Erythropoietin and interleukin (IL)-6 increased after exercise in the hypoxia group compared with baseline. IL-6 was higher in the hypoxia group than pre-exercise after exercise and after 2 h recovery. Cortisol did not change, whereas glucose was elevated post-exercise in the three groups compared with baseline and pre-exercise. Glutamine increased in the hypoxia + carbohydrate + glutamine group after exercise compared with baseline. Heat shock protein-70 increased post-exercise compared with baseline and pre-exercise and after recovery compared with pre-exercise, in the hypoxia carbohydrate group. No difference was observed in IL-2 and IL-6 production from lymphocytes. IL-4 was reduced in the supplemented groups.Conclusion: Carbohydrate or glutamine supplementation shifts the T helper (Th)1/Th2 balance toward Th1 responses after exercise at a simulated altitude of 4500 m. The nutritional strategies increased in IL-6, suggesting an important anti-inflammatory effect. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Effect of a Community-Based, Primary Health Care Exercise Program on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Hormone Levels

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação do equilíbrio, mobilidade e flexibilidade em idosas ativas e sedentárias

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Outros benefícios do exercício físico para o hipertenso

Aerobic exercise has been suggested as a non-pharmacological treatment for hypertension, and the previous paper of this set demonstrated some of the physiological responses induced by exercise. It has been shown an increment on expenditures for appropriate hypertension management in both, public and private services, which reinforces the inclusion of preventive programs to reduce healthcare costs. However, little is known about physical exercise cost-effectiveness for hypertensive patients. There are several interventions like a simple doctor/dietitian counselling in order to change life style, wed-based nutrition program, pharmacological treatment and assisted or non-assisted physical exercise program that evaluate the costs savings. We have shown that regular exercise (combined or not with another diet counselling and antihypertensive treatment) may effectively contribute to reduce the health care costs (up to -38%). Also, we have shown that exercise improves body composition and lipid profile which are important risk factors to development of cardiovascular disease. So, exercise can lead to significant reduction in blood pressure medication use and, therefore, it causes cost savings, justifying the implementation of exercise programs in all healthcare units.

Avaliação dos efeitos do treinamento do exercício físico aeróbico de curta duração em pacientes hospitalizados com DPOC exacerbado

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB