Biologia comparada de populações da lagarta–do–cartucho em folhas de milho e mandioca

The fall armyworm is a pest that feeds on various botanies species. The objective of this experiment was to study the biology of this pest in corn and cassava leaves. Caterpillars were collected in area under cultivation with cassava and maintained on artificial diet for two generations. Under controlled conditions in a climatic chamber (B.O.D) in the laboratory (25 degrees, 60 +/- 10% RH and photophase 14 hours) were evaluated daily 50 caterpillars in corn treatments and 50 in cassava, where duration and viability of the larval phase and pupal, weight of pupas were observed after 24 hours, deformation percentage of pupas and adults, longevity, fecundity and total life cycle. The viability of larvae fed on leaves of maize and cassava was 74% and 60%, respectively. The larval period of the insects was shorter in maize 16.89 days (seven instars) and cassava 20.08 days (six instars). The pupal phase lasted 11.42 days in cassava treatment and 10.87 in the maize. The pupal weight of females and males was higher in corn 204.91 mg and 198.97 mg, respectively. The biological cycle varied depending on the ingested food. Adult longevity lasted 9.88 days for insects fed on cassava leaves. Therefore, cassava affected the development of S. frugiperda.

Rendimento e qualidade do queijo tipo Minas Frescal de cabras alimentadas com raspa de mandioca e alfalfa

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Utilização de pastagem de alfafa e raspa de mandioca na produção de leite de cabras

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Fisiologia da termorregulação e estresse térmico em ovinos lanados

The introduction of wool sheep in warm temperature regions of Brazil has also raised concerns regarding the warm stress and its consequent decrease in animal production. The understanding of the physiology of thermal balance in sheep, as well as the consequences of this phenomenon, should be studied in order to improve animal thermal comfort in association with the production and reproduction indices of these animals. The majority of available research findings related to thermal balance in sheep is derived from countries with temperate climates and therefore might be different from those performed in our climate conditions. This essay presents a literature review that intends to discuss this theme.

Fisiologia térmica e balanço hídrico em anfíbios anuros

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Obtenção de massa de mandioca com adição de maltodextrina de amido de milho waxy

This study aimed to the development of cassava mashed with added maltodextrin of waxy maize starch as an alternative to the semi-ready product. The experimental design was completely randomized using blocks in 4x7 factorial, with three replications. The treatments were the combination of maltodextrin concentrations added in the cassava mass (0, 5, 10 and 15% on dry weight) with storage time (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days after preparation) and two condition (environment and refrigerated temperature). The variety chosen to the processing was the IAC 576-70. The data were subjected to variance analysis. The means were compared by Tukey test at 5%. The content of maltodextrin from waxy maize starch to 15% was effective in controlling the increase of texture. The mass of cassava with the addition of maltodextrin showed to be product of easy preparation, showin IAC 576-70g viability to be produced in industrial scale.

Propriedades de pasta e concentração de amido resistente em duas variedades de féculas de raízes de mandioca em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento

The objective of this work was to analyze the profiles of the concentrations of resistant starch and respective properties of paste of two cassava varieties with different development stages. For the evaluation of the profile of the concentration of resistant starch and paste properties, the starches of the cassava varieties were used IAC 576/70 and Fécula Branca, which were collected with different times of cultivation (10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 months), and the use of these times were according the crop of cassava variety IAC 576/70. For the analysis of paste property the apparel was used RVA and for analysis of resistant starch the enzymatic method was used. The results showed for the paste properties happened significant differences among the two varieties of cassava starch, and in some months they there wasn't differences, and as the results of resistant starch happened differences among the starches the months of July and August, and as for the different development stages only the starch of Fécula Branca that happened significant differences.

Processo de flotação no tratamento da manipueira originada da fabricação de farinha de mandioca

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o tratamento da manipueira pelo processo de flotação, visando estabelecer os melhores parâmetros operacionais a serem adotados, sem o uso de agentes químicos. Foram realizados os tratamentos em dois tipos de processo de flotação: por ar dissolvido e ar induzido, sendo as colunas desenvolvidas em acrílico e PVC para operação contínua em uma planta piloto. Os dois sistemas de flotação não demonstraram diferenças em relação à recuperção de proteínas, amidos e matéria graxa, porém, o processo de flotação por ar dissolvido torna a manipueira diluída devido ao volume de água utilizada, o que acaba gerando um volume de resíduo ainda maior e aumentando o custo do processo. Utilizando o processo por ar induzido, foram realizados ensaios variando vazão e temperatura, sendo os melhores resultados obtidos nas seguintes condições: vazão na faixa entre 120 e 420 mL/min e temperatura na faixa de 33 a 36 °C. Foi observada uma redução nos percentuais de remoção de matéria graxa e proteínas de 44,4% e 32,8%, respectivamente.

Análise energética de sistemas de produção de etanol de mandioca, cana-de-açúcar e milho

The objective of this work was the analysis of the energetic ethanol production systems using as source of carbohydrates, manioc, sugar cane and maize crops. The searches were carried from the field in the Paranapanema River Valley, state of Sao Paulo in the operations of cultivation and industrial processing of raw materials for analysis. The expenditure of energy concerning the agricultural part was made by the energy consumption of stage production of one hectare of sugar cane, cassava and corn, tillage and planting procedure, inputs, driving the crop, harvest, transport industry and energy draining. The expenditure of energy referring to the part was made by the industry energy consumption of stage processing of one tonne of sugar cane, cassava and corn, in the operations of disintegration / milling, hydrolysis / treatment of the broth, fermentation, distillation and maintenance of equipment. Under the system of agronomic production of raw materials, manioc presented an energy expenditure below that of sugar cane and maize (9,528.33 MJ ha-1; 14,370.90 MJ ha-1 and 15,633.83 MJ ha-1, respectively). For the ethanol produced, the operations of cultivation has consumed 1.54 MJ l-1 with manioc; MJ 1.99 l-1 with sugar cane, and 7.9 MJ l-1 with the corn. In the industrial processing of a ton of raw material, sugar cane presented an energy cost less than the cassava and maize (1,641.56 MJ t-1; 2,208.28 MJ t-1 and MJ 3,882.39 t-1, Respectively), however, showed a higher cost than when they related to ethanol produced (19.38 MJ l-1; 11.76 MJ l-1 and 11.76 MJ l-1, respectively). In the final energy balance for each megajoules of energy invested in sugar cane were required 1.09 MJ (9%), for each megajoules of energy invested in manioc were required 1.76 MJ (76%) and for each megajoules energy invested in maize were required 1.19 MJ (19%). Overall, it appears that the manioc consumes less energy than sugar cane and corn crops in the process of agribusiness obtaining ethanol.

Avaliação da redução de matéria orgânica do tratamento do efluente líquido deextração de fécula de mandioca por processo de biodigestão anaeróbia.

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment of cassava wastewater, separately from the root washing water, by means of ascending flux anaerobic digesters, with separation of the phases, without temperature control or addition of chemical products and to evaluate its suitability by means of its physical and chemical characteristics for throwing in receiving body, public sewage system or application in fertilization and irrigation. After reactors had been stabilized, essays were conducted varying feeding flow with 8.0, 12.0 and 16.0 Ld-1 corresponding to a hydraulic retention time of 8.17, 5.44 and 4.08 days, respectively. The best reduction for organic load reduction were obtained with hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 8.17 and 5.44 days with mean efficiencies of 89.8 and 90.9%, respectively.

Modificação de amido de mandioca com peróxido de hidrogênio e ácido lático em diferentes processos de secagem

The oxidized cassava starch is widely used in various industrial sectors, the major textile, paper and more recently by the food industry due to its characteristics, such as expansion property to baking. This study aimed to develop a modification of cassava starch by reaction with hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid, with two different types of drying, in the sun and in oven dried, in order to develop the expansion with increase of carboxyl groups and to evaluate differences between the types of drying and compare them with Expandex® starch and pre-gelatinized. The results indicated an increase in the rate of expansion of the modified starch dry in the sun, however the results of the content carboxylic groups haven't indicated the relationship with their rate expansion.

Recuperação de amidos remanescentes em resíduos de extração da fécula de mandioca

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Utilização de resíduos agronômicos da mandioca para fabricação de papéis especiais como recurso alternativo para a comunicação visual

The air part of the cassava is a residue which presents possibilities of being used as a non-wooden raw material in the production of pulp due to the fact that its 81 % of the adult plants air part, besides having high availability and presenting a high concentration of fibers. Studies were developed with the purpose of producing the pulps through the kraft process, which is a mix of the Na2S and NaOH in water heated up to the temperature of 160º C for about 90 minutes to the extraction of lignin. The paper sheets obtained in the practices went through an experimenting process. Studies related to the paper characteristics were accomplished in order to assess its use in the visual communication through printing techniques, silk screen, pictures and others graphical processes. The research results are able to conclude the utilization viability of this material in graphics communication.

Fermentação alcoólica com Saccharomyces cerevisiae em mosto aerado de hidrolisados de amido de mandioca

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no Centro de Raízes e Amidos Tropicais – CERAT, Na UNESP em Botucatu, estado de São Paulo onde foram realizados ensaios de fermentação alcoólica com hidrolisado de amido de mandioca. A fécula de mandioca foi utilizada como fonte de carboidrato para obtenção dos açúcares redutores consumidos no processo. Em um reator agitado foi produzido 12Kg de hidrolisado a partir de suspensão de fécula a 30% (p/p) utilizando enzimas alfa amilase na primeira etapa, seguida de amiloglucosidase na etapa posterior. As dosagens em unidades enzimáticas foram 2KNU.g-1 de amido e 2AGU.g-1 de amido respectivamente. O planejamento experimental considerou a realização de três ensaios de hidrolisados e três ensaios de fermentação a partir do mosto produzido; a) mosto aerado; b) com microaeração; c) em meio anaeróbio. Os ensaios foram realizados em erlenmeyers com 2,5 Kg de hidrolisado, ajustado a concentração de glicose a 100g.L-1 sendo inoculada a levedura do gênero Saccharomyces cerevisiae à taxa de 1,5% (p/p). Todos os erlenmeyers foram colocados sob agitação orbital e temperatura controlada de 30ºC sendo acompanhado o processo de fermentação através de coleta de amostras do mosto a cada hora. A aeração nos frascos erlenmeyers foi realizada através de mangueira coletora de válvula que regulava a vazão de ar. De acordo com os dados obtidos pode se concluir que o sistema anaeróbio em 32h foi o mais eficiente para a produção de etanol. Também foi possível observar que enquanto ocorre aeração no meio não se observa alteração significativa na concentração de etanol e quando cessa a aeração o meio torna se anaeróbio e tem início a produção de etanol. Quando aumenta a concentração de etanol no meio, o crescimento celular do sistema anaeróbio cai e etanol inibe a levedura, parando o crescimento celular.

Caracterização dos resíduos do processamento de mandioca para produção de bioetanol

Aiming to get the best economic advantage in ethanol production from cassava roots, this study presented a physiochemical characterization from two different types of solid waste in two types of processing of the raw materials in manufacturing ethanol. The processing of cassava roots begins with the disintegration and washing the roots with the addition of 20% more water to obtain a pulp which was treated and stirred in the reactor while adding enzyme α-amylase at a temperature of 90°C for 2 hours. Then we performed a pH adjustment while lowering the temperature to 60 ° C with the addition of the enzyme amiloglucosidase and then stirring for 14 hours. The hydrolyzate obtained was the source of two types of waste which are: i) Solid residue obtained after filtration of the hydrolyatze and ii) Solid waste obtained from filtering wine after alcoholic fermentation of the hydrolyzate with the addition of a dried yeast strain Y-940 manufactured by MAURI OF BRAZIL SA (2%) at a temperature of 25º C. The results of the laboratory analysis showed that the byproducts derived from the hydrolysis and fermentation showed very similar chemical compositions. With levels between 39 and 41% fiber, 0.5% lipids, 20 and 30% carbohydrates, protein 0.5 and 1.50, 6 and 8% acidity, and 20 and 30% soluble solids.