Cheaters in mutualism networks

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Contributions to the floral anatomy of Juncaceae (Poales - Monocotyledons)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Annexin 1 peptides protect against experimental myocardial ischemia-reperfusion: analysis of their mechanism of action

Myocardial reperfusion injury is associated with the infiltration of blood-borne polymorphonuclear leukocytes. We have previous described the protection afforded by annexin 1 (ANXA1) in an experimental model of rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. We examined the 1) amino acid region of ANXA1 that retained the protective effect in a model of rat heart IR; 2) changes in endogenous ANXA1 in relation to the IR induced damage and after pharmacological modulation; and 3) potential involvement of the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) in the protective action displayed by ANXA1 peptides. Administration of peptide Ac2-26 at 0, 30, and 60 min postreperfusion produced a significant protection against IR injury, and this was associated with reduced myeloperoxidase activity and IL-1 beta levels in the infarcted heart. Western blotting and electron microscopy analyses showed that IR heart had increased ANXA1 expression in the injured tissue, associated mainly with the infiltrated leukocytes. Finally, an antagonist to the FPR receptor selectively inhibited the protective action of peptide ANXA1 and its derived peptides against IR injury. Altogether, these data provide further insight into the protective effect of ANXA1 and its mimetics and a rationale for a clinical use for drugs developed from this line of research.

An immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization analysis of annexin 1 expression in rat mast cells: Modulation by inflammation and dexamethasone

The presence and localization of the anti-inflammatory protein annexin 1 (also known as lipocortin 1) in perivenular rat mast cells was investigated here. Using the rat mesenteric microvascular bed and a combination of morphologic techniques ranging from immunofluorescence to electron microscopy analyses, we detected the presence of annexin 1 in discrete intracellular sites, both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. In resting mast cells, most of the protein pool (approximately 80% of the cytosolic portion) was localized to cytoplasmic granules. In agreement with other cell types, treatment of rats with dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg, ip) increased annexin 1 expression in mast cells, inducing a remarkable appearance of dusters of protein immunoreactivity. This effect was most likely the result of de novo protein synthesis as determined by an increase in mRNA seen by in situ hybridization. Triggering an ongoing experimental inflammatory response (0.3 mg of carrageenin, ip) increased annexin 1 mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, we report for the first time the localization of annexin 1 in connective tissue mast cells, and its susceptibility not only to glucocorticoid hormone treatment, but also to an experimental acute inflammatory response.

Functional and Ultrastructural Analysis of Annexin A1 and Its Receptor in Extravasating Neutrophils during Acute Inflammation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Endogenous annexin A1 counter-regulates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Floral biology and late-acting self-incompatibility in Jacaranda racemosa (Bignoniaceae)

Breeding-system studies have been conducted with 38 of the approximately 800 species of Bignoniaceae, and self-incompatibility was found in 31 of these. In species for which the site of self-incompatibility barrier was studied, self-pollinated flowers consistently failed to develop into fruits, even though pollen tubes grew down to the ovary and penetrated most of the ovules. In this study, we have investigated the. oral biology and the breeding system in Jacaranda racemosa Chamisso, with hand-pollination experiments and the histology of post-pollination events. Flower anthesis lasted 1-3 days, and although the frequency of flower visitation was extremely low, natural pollination seemed to be effected mainly by medium-sized bees. Because the conspicuous staminodium favours eventual pollination by small bees, a possible role of the staminodium in the increase of potential pollinators is suggested. Hand-pollinations indicated that J. racemosa is a self-sterile species. Histological analysis of post-pollination events indicated the occurrence of a kind of late-acting self-incompatibility in which the processes of ovule penetration, fertilisation and endosperm initiation were slower in selfed than in crossed pistils. Until the time of self-pollinated pistil abscission, no signs of endosperm malfunction or proembryo development were observed in selfed pistils. Therefore, inbreeding depression is an unlikely explanation for self-sterility in J. racemosa.

Sistema de reprodução de Rhynchanthera dichotoma (Lam.) DC

R. dichotoma (Lam.) DC. é um arbusto que ocorre na região central do Brasil em ambientes úmidos, brejosos, formando nestes locais grandes populações. O período de floração desta espécie é longo de 6-8 meses. Neste estudo realizado no município de Tanabi (São Paulo), o pico de floração ocorreu no mês de abril. Semelhante ao observado em outras Melastomataceae de anteras tubulares e deiscência poricida, R. dichotoma é polinizada por abelhas vibradoras. Este estudo constatou que esta espécie é autocompatível com 59% de sucesso obtido nas autopolinizações manuais (n=90) e não foi observada a presença de agamospernmia (n=85). A polinização cruzada (xenogamia) foi predominante, sendo que 66% das flores polinizadas desenvolveram frutos (n=92). Surpreendentemente, apesar desta espécie apresentar anteras poricidas constatou-se a ocorrência de autopolinização espontânea em 33% das flores (n=92).

Polimorfismo floral em Valeriana scandens L. (Valerianaceae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Biological and molecular characterization of an isolate of Tobacco streak virus obtained from soybeans in Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Trait-mediated effects on flowers: Artificial spiders deceive pollinators and decrease plant fitness

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Inflorescence and floral development of Dahlstedtia species (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Millettieae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Components of fecundity and abortion in a tropical tree, Dahlstedtia pentaphylla (Leguminosae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)