Degradabilidade ruminal e digestibilidade intestinal de alimentos por intermédio da técnica in situ associada à do saco de náilon móvel

Objetivou-se no presente trabalho verificar a degradação ruminal e a digestibilidade intestinal e total da matéria seca (MS) e da proteína bruta (PB) do farelo de soja, do grão de milho, do melaço em pó, da farinha de peixe, da farinha de penas e do feno de alfafa, por intermédio da técnica de degradabilidade ruminal in situ associada à técnica do saco de náilon móvel. As amostras dos alimentos foram moídas e colocadas em duplicata em sacos de náilon de 10x5 cm (48 micras) nas quantidades de 15 e 5 mg de MS/cm² para os alimentos concentrados e feno de alfafa, respectivamente. Os sacos de náilon permaneceram incubados no rúmen de bois holandeses por 0; 2; 6; 8; 24 e 48 h; e 0; 8; 12; 24; 48; 72 e 96 horas, respectivamente, sendo depois retirados e sua duplicata inserida no duodeno através de uma cânula. Posteriormente, os sacos foram coletados junto com as fezes. Os valores de degradabilidade efetiva da PB para uma velocidade de passagem de 5%/hora, para o melaço em pó, grão de milho, farelo de soja, farinha de peixe, farinha de penas e feno de alfafa, foram de 100,00; 62,50; 57,90; 39,30; 34,20 e 60,90%, respectivamente; a digestibilidade intestinal de 100,00; 96,05; 99,79; 98,19; 96,07 e 94,64%, respectivamente; e a digestibilidade total de 100,00; 97,86; 99,87; 98,88; 97,35 e 98,09%, respectivamente. Verificou-se que as proteínas do melaço foram totalmente solúveis no rúmen, sendo as do milho, feno e farelo de soja bastante degradadas, além de possuírem um aproveitamento quase total no intestino. As proteínas das farinhas de peixe e de penas apresentaram baixa solubilidade ruminal e alta digestibilidade intestinal, sendo a farinha de peixe levemente mais digerida no intestino do que a farinha de penas.

Avaliação de dietas com diferentes fontes protéicas para cães adultos

Foram comparados os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) de quatro alimentos secos extrusados para cães, cada um formulado com um dos ingredientes protéicos em estudo: farelo de soja (FS); farelo de glúten de milho (GM); farinha de carne e ossos (FCO); e farinha de vísceras de frango (FV). O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (ingredientes protéicos) e seis repetições, totalizando 24 animais. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey. O CDA da PB (média ± erro-padrão da média) foi maior na ração à base de GM (88,13±0,40%), seguida pelas dietas com FS (86,31±0,34%), FCO (85,88±0,16%) e FV (84,84±0,15%). O CDA da MS foi maior para a ração com FV (83,69±0,09%), intermediário para GM (82,41±0,23%) e FCO (82,76±0,11%) e menor para FS (81,10±0,16%). As rações à base de proteína animal apresentaram os maiores CDA dos extrativos não-nitrogenados. O teor de MS das fezes dos cães foi elevado na ração com FCO, intermediário naquela com FV e GM e baixo naquela à base de FS. As quatro fontes protéicas estudadas apresentaram bons CDA e, portanto, podem ser utilizadas em rações para cães adultos.

Efeito de biofertilizantes sobre o crescimento micelial e a germinação de esporos de alguns fungos fitopatogênicos

The biofertilizer was produced through anaerobic fermentation of cow manure adding milk, sugar, salts, cow liver parts and bone powder. After 73 days of fermentation it was evaluated the effect on micelial growth of Pythium aphanidermatum, Alternaria solani, Stemphylium solani, Septoria licopersici, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli and spores germination of B. cinerea, A. solani, Hemileia vastatrix and Coleosporium plumierae. In relation to micelial growth inhibition, the growth rate was calculated and it was found that, in general, concentrations over 10% caused a total inhibition of growth for the majority of fungi assayed. In case of spores germination, biofertilizer concentration over 20% has inhibited completely the germination of B. cinerea, over 10% inhibited A. solani, 5 and 1% of C. plumierae and H. vastatrix, respectively. Three different biofertilizers were also tested and one of them was less effective, which was the one produced with manure from confined cows opposed to the others produced with grazing cows.

Different doses of exogenous surfactant for treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn rabbits.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of 2 different doses of exogenous surfactant on pulmonary mechanics and on the regularity of pulmonary parenchyma inflation in newborn rabbits. METHOD: Newborn rabbits were submitted to tracheostomy and randomized into 4 study groups: the Control group did not receive any material inside the trachea; the MEC group was instilled with meconium, without surfactant treatment; the S100 and S200 groups were instilled with meconium and were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of exogenous surfactant (produced by Instituto Butantan) respectively. Animals from the 4 groups were mechanically ventilated during a 25-minute period. Dynamic compliance, ventilatory pressure, tidal volume, and maximum lung volume (P-V curve) were evaluated. Histological analysis was conducted using the mean linear intercept (Lm), and the lung tissue distortion index (SDI) was derived from the standard deviation of the means of the Lm. One-way analysis of variance was used with a = 0.05. RESULTS: After 25 minutes of ventilation, dynamic compliance (mL/cm H2O.kg) was 0.87 +/- 0.07 (Control); 0.49 +/- 0.04 (MEC*); 0.67 +/- 0.06 (S100); and 0.67 +/- 0.08 (S200), and ventilatory pressure (cm H2O) was 9.0 +/- 0.9 (Control); 16.5 +/- 1.7 (MEC*); 12.4 +/- 1.1 (S100); and 12.1 +/- 1.5 (S200). Both treated groups had lower Lm values and more homogeneity in the lung parenchyma compared to the MEC group: SDI = 7.5 +/- 1.9 (Control); 11.3 +/- 2.5 (MEC*), 5.8 +/- 1.9 (S100); and 6.7 +/- 1.7 (S200) (*P < 0.05 versus all the other groups). CONCLUSIONS: Animals treated with surfactant showed significant improvement in pulmonary mechanics and more regularity of the lung parenchyma in comparison to untreated animals. There was no difference in results after treatment with either of the doses used.

Evaluation of urban ants (hymenoptera: formicidae) as vectors of microorganisms in residential and industrial environments: II. Fungi

Collections in households and industrial kitchens were done aiming at evaluating the potential of urban ants in spreading fungi. The most abundant ant species in households were Tapinoma melanocephalum and Paratrechina longicornis. In industrial kitchens Paratrechina longicornis and Monomorium floricola were the most common. Tapinoma melanocephalum was the species that most carried fungi, followed by Paratrechina longicornis, Tetramorium sp., Monomorium pharaonis and Monomorium floricola. An aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus was isolated.

Differences between ADEA annual session poster abstracts and their corresponding full published articles

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between abstracts of posters presented at the 79th (2002) and 80th (2003) Annual Session & Exhibition of the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) and the published full-length articles resulting from the same studies. The abstracts for poster presentation sessions were downloaded, and basic characteristics of the abstracts and their authors were determined. A PubMed search was then performed to identify the publication of full-length articles based on those abstracts in a peer-reviewed journal. The differences between the abstract and the article were examined and categorized as major and minor differences. Differences identified included authorship, title, materials and methods, results, conclusions, and funding. Data were analyzed with both descriptive and analytic statistics. Overall, 89 percent of the abstracts had at least one variation from its corresponding article, and 65 percent and 76 percent of the abstracts had at least one major and minor variation, respectively, from its corresponding article. The most prevalent major variation was in study results, and the most prevalent minor variation was change in the number of authors. The discussion speculates on some possible reasons for these differences.

Discrepancies between abstracts presented at international association for dental research annual sessions from 2004 to 2005 and full-text publication

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the discrepancies between abstracts presented at the IADR meeting (2004-2005) and their full-text publication. Material and Methods. Abstracts from the Prosthodontic Section of IADR meeting were obtained. The following information was collected: abstract title, number of authors, study design, statistical analysis, outcome, and funding source. PubMed was used to identify the full-text publication of the abstracts. The discrepancies between the abstract and the full-text publication were examined, categorized as major and minor discrepancies, and quantified. The data were collected and analyzed using descriptive analysis. Frequency and percentage of major and minor discrepancies were calculated. Results. A total of 109 (95.6%) articles showed changes from their abstracts. Seventy-four (65.0%) and 105 (92.0%) publications had at least one major and one minor discrepancies, respectively. Minor discrepancies were more prevalent (92.0%) than major discrepancies (65.0%). The most common minor discrepancy was observed in the title (80.7%), and most common major discrepancies were seen in results (48.2%). Conclusion. Minor discrepancies were more prevalent than major discrepancies. The data presented in this study may be useful to establish a more comprehensive structured abstract requirement for future meetings. © 2012 Soni Prasad et al.

Aspectos sensoriais e físico-químicos de iogurtes de soja com espessantes/estabilizantes à base de fécula de inhame (Dioscorea alata), amido modificado e gelatina

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fontes e disponibilidade de cálcio e fósforo para a tartaruga-da-amazônia - Podocnemis expansa criada em cativeiro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Suplementação de lisina e metionina em dietas práticas com baixo nível protéico para o crescimento inicial de alevinos do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887)

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Purificação e caracterização bioquímica da invertase extracelular produzida pelo fungo filamentoso Aspergillus terreus

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Adição de precursores em meio complexo solúvel para a produção de Cefamicina C por Streptomyces clavuligerus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)