375 resultados para Cultura politica - Brasil


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The purpose of this work was to assess the effects of soil preparation methods (with or without subsoiling) on physical properties of a cerrado soil cropped to corn during the, 1986/87 season, in the Selviria county (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). Also, the objective of this was to check the changes in the soil (dark red latosol-Acrustox) caused by the preparation after nine years of cultivation in comparison with natural state. The experiment consisted of six soil preparation systems: conventional, superpreparation, reversed, revolving hoe, reduced and no-tillage. Along with these systems subsoiling was also tested. The reversed system showed the best com grain yield. Subsoiling only presented positive results in productivity with the no-tillage system. All the preparation system tested degraded the physical properties in comparison with the natural soil.

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Estudou-se o efeito da irrigação na produtividade final da cultura do trigo por meio de um ensaio, com duração variável do período em que foram feitas as irrigações. Todos os períodos tiveram início na data do plantio. O ensaio foi instalado em Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, em Latossolo Roxo, plano, de baixada, sem adubação e sem calagem, usando a cultivar BH 1146. A cultura se desenvolveu sob boas condições climáticas, tendo completado o ciclo de 118 dias. Correlacionou-se a produtividade final da cultura com a água aplicada em períodos com durações que variaram de 20 a 110 dias. Foram obtidas 49 equações lineares simples entre a altura de água aplicada e a produtividade de grifos de trigo. Estudou-se a variação da produtividade da cultura para aumentos de 1 mm na altura de água aplicada nos períodos referidos, encontrando-se uma variação de 767.7% na taxa de aproveitamento da água. Analisou-se o incremento de produtividade da cultura para a aplicação de 1 mm de altura d'água em cada dez dias de duração do período considerado. Os incrementos de produtividade apresentaram uma variação de 600,5%. Por fim, estimou-se o nível de irrigação necessário para atingir determinados níveis de produtividade de trigo.

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Our goal is to investigate the reasons behind the presence of clientelist-type practices among the popular classes in Brazil, highlighting the decade of the 1990s. Our proposal gives salience to factors regarding the phenomenon's socio-political conjuncture, thereby taking us beyond explanations that rely exclusively on historical-cultural aspects or that sustain an economic bias. We use bibliographic and journalistic sources, from which we develop our own interpretation of the period. Thus, we observe that clientelist practices are encouraged to manifest themselves at the level of national political organization particularly within the federal sphere yet are also reflected at state and municipal levels, due to the coalition of political forces created through the implantation of a neoliberal project in Brazil. The latter has joined modern Brazilian social democracy and old regional oligarchies situated primarily within the PFL, PP, PTB and certain sectors of the PMDB, whose representatives are known for their attachment to patrimonialist and paternalistic practices. The inclusion of the latter in the conservative pact that has promoted neo-liberal political reform has thus meant awarding new value to such practices. Herein lies partial explanation for the vigor with which practices such as fisiologismo, apadrinhamento, abuse of state machinery, buying and selling of votes and clientelism have manifested themselves on the national scene over the course of the 1990s.

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The Brazilian democratic transition, still underway today, has run up against enormous difficulty in incorporating penal action. Or, put in yet stronger terms, we could say that the boundaries of democratization processes, delineated through the action of that sector of the State, reveal the possibility that the juridical field remains immune to democratizing change. Although prevailing discourse among law professionals asserts that Penal Justice is undergoing democratization, what we have observed in practice is a strong resistance within the juridical field to assuming political responsibilities within the consolidation of democracy. This article reports analyses and conclusions formulated through observation of the Brazilian penal justice system that gave origin to the thesis entitled Penal Justice in Brazil today: democratic discourse, authoritarian practice. The research sought to reflect on contemporary criminal justice policy, which has been guided by the widening of repression and the continued use of incarceration. Such policy, carried out in Brazil since the beginning of the 1985 political opening has adjusted itself to the liberal project that is also currently underway in the country, as well as in almost the entire Western capitalist world. As we can observe, Penal Justice, even during the execution of sentences, operates in authoritarian and exclusive ways, suppressing the rights guaranteed by law to those who have been sentenced and adopting extremely repressive forms as demonstrated by the extremely sparse benefits that it concedes. Thus, in Brazil, criminality has generally been responded through severe sentences, reflected in the absence of guarantees of constitutional rights and ample recourse to incarceration. In this vein, our contemporary democratic governments have frequently adopted a punitive stance that seeks to reaffirm the State's aptitudes for punishing and controlling criminality. © 2009 Revista de Sociologia e Política.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FCLAR

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC