Risk factors that may signify a propensity to the use of drugs in students at a public university

Introduction: We sought to evaluate the risk factors that may increase the propensity to use licit and illicit drugs among students at a public university. Methods: The project involved students (n = 268) enrolled in the first and fourth years of courses in the areas of the social and biological sciences at a public university. Data collection was conducted by means of self-administered, semistructured questionnaires, based on such standardized assessment instruments as Audit, Assist, Cage and Duse. Collected data were analyzed quantitatively by calculating the percentages and evaluating the data in terms of categories of risk, classifying them by age, gender, religion, schooling, use (before or after entering university) and contexts of use. By means of this survey the researchers were able to correlate the use of drugs to the risk factors that might increase the students’ propensity to use these substances. Results: The results revealed a high proportion of current drug-using students, but showed no significant differences between the first and fourth year students as regards contexts of use. However, 67% of students regarded the university environment as encouraging the use of drugs. Students pointed to such major risk factors as friends’ and fellow-students’ influence, university parties, excessive curiosity and desire to experiment. Conclusion: Due to the high rate of drug use among university students, by the determination of the risk factors related to the university environment and also knowing that the process of addiction is one of growing chemical dependence, the importance of the development and implementation of public health policies at all levels, especially in terms of approaches and specific interventions addressing this population, should be noted.

Questionário de qualidade de vida de crianças com paralisia cerebral (cp qol-child): tradução e adaptação para língua portuguesa

The aim of this study was to verify the reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the instrument Cerebral Palsy: quality of life questionnaire for children: primary caregiver questionnaire (CP QOLChild: primary caregiver) translated and culturally adapted. Thus, the translation and cultural adaptation of the instrument was made, and then the procedures to verify its reliability were performed. The translated and culturally adapted questionnaire was answered by 30 caregivers of children with cerebral palsy and inter and intra-observer analysis followed. The data allowed the authors to identify an internal consistency rangering from 0.649 to 0.858, intra-observer reliability from 0.625 to 0.809 and inter-observer reliability from 0.498 to 0.903. The analysis suggests that the instrument has acceptable psychometry.

Desempenho de escolares com dislexia e transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade nos processos de leitura

This study aimed to characterize and to compare the performance of students with an interdisciplinary diagnosis of dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in students with good academic performance on the reading processes. Sixty students from both genders, from 2nd to 4th grades of municipal public schools in Marília - SP participated in this study, they were distributed as follows: GI, 20 students with interdisciplinary diagnosis of dyslexia; GII, 20 students with ADHD and GIII, 20 students with good academic performance, paired according to gender, age and grade level with GI and GII. The students were submitted to the application of the assessment of reading processes (PROLEC) composed by four processes: letters identification, lexical, syntactical and semantic. The results highlighted that the students of GIII showed superior performance comparing with GI and GII. There was difference between GI and GII only in low frequency word reading and non words reading of the lexical process. The inferior performance from GI and GII in the PROLEC tests can be justified by the difficulty on the coding and decoding abilities. In ADHD students this difficulty was due to impaired interaction between the visual, linguistic, attention and auditory processing and in the dyslexic students was due to failure at the phonological mediation process, which depends on the knowledge of rules of grapheme - phoneme conversion to the acquisition of word reading. These changes affect the reading achievement and the comprehension of the read text.

Desempenho de escolares com dificuldades de aprendizagem em funçào motora fina e escrita

Aims: the aims of this study were to compare and to characterize the fine, sensory and perceptive function performance and handwritten quality between students with learning difficulties and students with good academic performance. GII, GIII and GIV: 96 students with learning difficulties, and groups GV, GVI, GVII, GVIII: 96 good academic performance. The students were submitted to evaluation of fine motor, sensorial and perception functions and handwriting evaluation under dictation. Results: the results show that the students with learning difficulties from 1st to 3rd grade had lower performance on tests of fine motor, sensory and perceptive function compared to the students with good academic performance in the same grade; the students from 4th grade, both groups, did not show changes on fine motor sensory and perceptive function; and only the students of GII showed disgraphya. Conclusions: the results presented in this study suggest that the qualitative aspects of fine motor, sensory and perceptive skills reflect the integrity and maturity of central nervous system and can probably play an important role in early diagnosis of development disorders and consequently prevent academic disorders such as handwriting performance.

Desempenho cognitivo-linguístico e leitura em escolares com transtorno do déficit de atençào e hiperatividade

OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to compare the cognitive-linguistic skills performance and reading of students with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and students without behavioral and/or learning disorders. METHOD: the study included 20 students from 5th to 8th grade of elementary school. The students were divided into: Group I (GI): composed by 10 students with an interdisciplinary diagnosis of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder, and Group II (GII): composed by 10 students without complaints of behavioral and/or learning disorders. The tests of metalinguistic skills and reading (PROHMELE) were used as procedure, composed of syllabic and phonemic identification, syllabic and phonemic manipulation, repetition of nonwords and reading tests. RESULTS: the results showed statistically significant differences between GI and GII, demonstrating that students from GI presented superior performances when compared to the students from GII. CONCLUSION: according to the findings of this study we can conclude that the difficulties presented by students with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder can be attributed to inattention, hyperactivity and disorganization, characteristic of this diagnosis, and not to a disorder of language of phonological basis.

Conhecimentos sobre tabagismo em escolares

The objective was to verify the changes of relative theoretical knowledge to the tobacco, evaluatedat two moments (pre and post-tests) considering two educative interventions: expositive lesson and educative games. 68 pupils had been citizens, of both the sexes, three 5th grades of a public school,evaluated previously (A1) on tobacco; group 1 was submitted to a procedure of expositive education,the 2 educative games in the 2 e, the 3 to no intervention. After one week they had been reevaluated(A2). For the moments the test of Wilcoxon was applied and between the groups Kruskal Wallis. As results noticed that, at the moments, it had significant differences between 2 groups 1 and e,between the groups, in the after-test, the submitted one to the educative games presented performance with statistical significant result better. This research concluded that the educational game increased in the students’ knowledge about smoking.

Ações intersetoriais de prevenção de acidentes na educação infantil: opiniões do professor e conhecimentos dos alunos

Introduction: public health politics and education privilege school for disease prevention and healthpromotion activities. Objective: this paper describes inter-sector action for childhood accidentsprevention, teachers’ assessments and the knowledge of the students involved. Methods: it wasdone in a kindergarten City School in São Paulo interior. Thirty students from the Pre school secondyear, in the 5-6 age range and the teacher through a signed Consensus Term. The actions wereperformed in the classroom. Questionnaires were used with the teacher and school books with thechildren, formulated by speech and language pathology interns, who lead the actions in school.Results: the results showed an improvement in knowledge about children accident risks and formsof prevention by children and teacher. Conclusions: the educational activity was positively evaluatedfor both participant segments, being suggestive for other classes and/or schools, with health andeducation professionals’ partnership.

Classificação do grau de comprometimento motor e do índice de massa corpórea em crianças com paralisia cerebral

Children with cerebral palsy due to movement and posture disorders might have an injured nutritional state. This study's objective was to classify the body mass index of children with cerebral palsy and verify its relation with the injury level of gross motor function. Twenty children, male and female sex, with cerebral palsy with ages between 2 and 14 years participated in the study. They were chosen from a rehabilitation center with physiotherapy, occupational and speech therapy accompaniment. Children were classified according to the gross motor function classification scale. The anthropometric measures of each child weight, heel-knee length, estimated stature and body mass index were gauged. The body mass index was classified according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's body mass index percentile calculator for children and teenagers. The obtained data didn't show any relation between the gross motor function and body mass index. The reduced number of participants and the fact of all children be accompanied in dysphagia clinics and, when necessary, nutrition clinics, might have influenced these results.

Análise da relação entre a habilidade de integração visuo-motora e o desempenho escolar

Visual-motor integration is a skill that involves visual perception and eye-hand coordination. Deficit in perceptual ability and motor organization capacity may reflect in reading, writing and arithmetic learning difficulties. This study aimed to verify the relationship between visual-motor integration ability and academic performance, as well, whether visual perception ability was correlated with reading performance and whether motor coordination ability was correlated with writing performance. Participants were 77 students in the 2nd. year of elementary education at a public school. To data collect were applied the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration and the Academic Performance Test. The results showed a significant correlation between visual-motor integration ability and academic skills of reading (r = 0.230, p = 0.044), writing (r = 0.244, p = 0.033) and arithmetic (r = 0.277, p = 0.015). In addition, was also identified significant correlation between visual perception and reading performance (r = 0.407, p = 0) and between the motor coordination and cursive writing (p = 0.039). The results of this study are consistent with the literature, concerning the verification of visual-motor integration, visual perception and motor coordination abilities influence on the students performance in school activities.

Knowledge and practice of women regarding cervical cancer in a primary health care unit

Objectives: evaluating the level of information about the examination of uterine cervical cancer and its association with sociodemographic variables in women of a health care unit in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study with 370 women aged 25 to 59, through structured interviews in their own homes; we used descriptive statistics and the χ2 test. Results: 40.5% of the women had not undergone the Papanicolaou test at the recommended frequency; 58.2% incorrectly defined the test, and 69.5% did not know about the risk factors for the development of cervical cancer; the knowledge about the test showed statistically significant association with schooling and family income of the studied population. Conclusions: women present deficiencies on the proper practice of the Papanicolaou test, on knowledge about the test, risk factors and prevention methods. Therefore, it is necessary to develop primary health actions for the most vulnerable population.

Desempenho de Ankistrodesmus gracilis (Reischi) Korsikov (Chlorophyta) cultivada em três meios de cultura em laboratório

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Construção da imagem corporal na fase pré-escolar

Schilder(1980) defines body image as the figuration of the body in your mind,ie to the way the body is presented to all. This image is constructed from six months in the infant´s contact with his mother by touch,thought the reflection of his image in the mirror and then in the contexto f activies préschool- didatic educator pedagogical proposes by consolidating the six years age. This importance of stdying the construction of body image pré-school educator is to prevent a failure in the process causing the child to change that image generating blocks and physical or psychological dificulties in the socialization process of children by promoting distortion of body image . O study objective is to understand how such package is the process of building up this image in preschool and your contribution to the process of learning of child. A methodology was a research review on amaig body, enconpassing the overall development of child and adult disorders the failure of the process constructive in this picture and a brief educational propose of how early childhood educator can work with this theme in pré-school. This study concluded that this topic is important to be working in the Field of education encompasses a degree in Physical Education and Pedagogy words.

Seleção de bactérias fenololíticas para tratamento de efluentes de refinarias de petróleo

Os efluentes de indústrias, como refinarias e petroquímicas, frequentemente contém elevadas concentrações de substâncias tóxicas, dentre elas, os compostos fenólicos. Estas substâncias, mesmo em pequenas quantidades, afetam as propriedades organolépticas da água, além de que durante o processo de cloração da água potável, podem ser transformadas em clorofenóis e policlorofenóis, pela reação com o cloro, formando substâncias com características carcinogênicas. Neste sentido, o refino do petróleo produz grande variedade de poluentes cujas propriedades modificam-se em função dos processos utilizados. Os fenóis são compostos tóxicos, com características fungicida e desinfetante, sendo tóxico para a maioria dos microrganismos, além de apresentarem ação de carcinogenicidade, mutagenicidade e serem recalcitrantes, acumulam-se nos corpos receptores, gerando danos à saúde e à vida aquática. No entanto, embora o fenol possua ação bactericida, alguns microrganismos adquiriram a habilidade de se adaptar e utilizar este composto como fonte de carbono e energia. O presente trabalho pretendeu selecionar linhagens bacterianas, a partir do efluente de uma refinaria de petróleo, da região de Paulínia – SP, que sejam capazes de utilizar altos teores de fenóis como fonte de carbono e energia para seu crescimento e desenvolvimento, a fim de serem aplicadas nas estações de tratamento de efluentes industriais, com foco nas refinarias de petróleo. Foram isoladas 3 linhagens a partir das amostras enriquecidas do efluente da refinaria e, após os ensaios, constatou-se que 1 linhagem apresentou resistência à concentração de fenol de 1.000 mg.L-1. Os ensaios de biodegradação e crescimento em fenol como única fonte de carbono, demonstraram que estas linhagens são capazes de biodegradar aproximadamente 20% do fenol disponível no meio, no período de 24 horas. A quantificação do fenol residual foi realizada em...

Hormesis de glyphosate em cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Diagnóstico e tratamento precoce da Classe III: relato de um caso clínico

In malocclusion studies, may happen not only dental discrepancies but even skeletal discrepancies. In Class III malocclusion can be observed underdeveloped maxilla, mandible protraction or both of them, and, in most of the times associated with a narrow maxilla that causes anterior or posterior crossbites, in one side or in two sides. The aim of this case report is to evaluate the facial profile and occlusal effects of interceptive orthodontics therapy. The treatment with upper arch expansion and maxilla protraction was done in an early age to be effective in the circummaxillary sutural system and to make the orthopedic effect easier. The facial mask used is positioned on two facial points and allows an anterior maxillary replacement. Patients’ compliance is important to reach treatment success, this because using the mask still in this growth and development phase is essential to make the facial and occlusal effects happen. It is important to mention that patients with Angle Class III malocclusion need to be followed till the end of their growth.