169 resultados para Álcool Adolescência
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Química - IBILCE
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Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB
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Considering that alcohol has been identified, in the literature, as an evident risk factor for osteoporosis development, inducing loss of bone mass, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the alcohol on the femur of male and female rats. For this purpose, 35 male and 35 female rats, divided into seven groups of five animals per genera were included. The groups were: control group that received food and water as much as they wished; alcohol group in the concentrations of 10, 20 and 30% and the isocalorie: groups corresponding to the concentration of alcohol. After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and evaluated regarding to the body weight and nutritional conditions. Unilateral femurs were removed and analyzed in relation to the length, width, and thickness of the bone cortical, trabeculae percentage and optical density. Data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA (Tukey; p<0.05). Regarding to the weight, loss of weight was observed in the animals of the group alcohol 20% among females and 30% among the males. In relation to the nutritional conditions, the females with the dosages of 10, 20 and 30% of alcohol swallowed a mean of 25, 39 and 53% of Kcall and the males 22, 36 and 45 Kcal Jday coming from the alcohol. Alcohol reduced the length of the femur only in the group MG6. Mesio-distal width was higher in the group FG6 although the antero-posterior width was not modified. The cortical thickness among males and females was not altered however the percentage of trabeculae bone was reduced among females alcohol 30% and among males with the three alcoholic concentrations. Optical density was reduced in the concentration of 30% among the males and females. Under the experimental conditions, it could be concluded that the effect of alcohol was more evident among the males and in the trabeculae bone, and that the alcoholic concentration of 30% was the most harmful for the bone tissue, ....
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Alcoholic beverage and the factors associated with the consumption of this substance among teenagers worry authorities linked to education and health. This study aimed to investigate the use of risky alcohol among schoolchildren. The study was conducted in two cities in the countryside of São Paulo. Attended by 54 students of a city with 5,000 inhabitants (City A) and 53 students in a city of 35,000 inhabitants (City B). It was applied in the classroom a questionnaire for screening on the use of alcohol (AUDIT). In the results if notes that the percentage of participants who reached score above 7 points, was 25.9 % for the City A and 11.3 % for the city B. It was concluded that there was a greater frequency of students doing risky use of alcohol among students of the city with the lowest number of inhabitants, there are significant differences (p ≤ 0.001 ). Further studies are needed to identify possible variables involved in the results between the cities.
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Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB
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Abusive consumption of alcohol leads to several negative consequences to health and quality of life, as it increases the frequency of diseases that cause death or functional disabilities. The rates of patients admitted to hospital due to physical problems stemming from alcohol abuse are high. This study aimed at identifying patients according to variables age, gender and education level as well as at evaluating the prevalence of CAGE-positive patients and morbidity due to CID-10 (International Classification of Diseases) by the World Health Organization. It is a cross-sectional, observational, exploratory, descriptive and quantitative study. It was conducted at the Botucatu School of Medicine University Hospital (HC) from July to September 2010, at the Internal Medicine ward. This ward aggregates 5 specialties, namely, Cardiology, Hematology, General Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroclinic. Presently, it has 36 beds, of which four are for Intensive Care Therapy (ICT). Three hundred and ten medical charts were analyzed for identification of morbidities and of variables age, gender and schooling. A closed semistructured questionnaire including, among other questions, the CAGE test was applied to each individual. The CAGE test is a questionnaire that comprises four questions and considers that one who answers two or more of such questions affirmatively is a suspected case of alcoholism. The total population studied included 310 patients. Indexes of 60% (186) male and of 40% (124) female patients were found. As regards age range, a population with a higher prevalence of individuals from 51 to 70 years old (41%) was observed. The main education indexes were: incomplete Elementary School: 23.22% (72), complete Elementary School: 21.61% (67), incomplete Secondary School: 18.40% (57) and Illiteracy: 17.74% (55). As regards diseases, a higher proportion was observed for: ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Non-intrusive methods of diagnosis, such as spectral analysis of the radiation emitted by the system, have been used as a viable alternative for determining the temperature of combustion systems. Among them, the determination of temperature by natural emission spectroscopy has the advantage of requiring relatively simple experimental devices. Once Chemiluminescent species are formed directly in the excited state, the collection and recording of radiation emission spectrum is enough to determine the temperature (CARINHANA, 2008). In this study we used the process of making direct comparisons between the experimental spectra obtained in the laboratory from the plasma of alcohol, and the theoretical spectra plotted from a computer program developed at the IEAv. The objective was to establish a fast and reliable method to measure the rotational temperature of the radical C2*. The results showed that the temperature of the plasma, which in turn can be taken as the rotational temperature of the system, is proportional to the pressure. The temperature values ranged from ca. 2300 ~ 2500 K at a pressure of 19 mmHg to 3100 ~ 3500 K for the pressure of 46 mmHg. The temperature values are somewhat smaller when we consider the theoretical spectrum as a Lorentzian curve. The overlap of the spectra was better when using the profile curve, but still were not exactly superimposed. The solution to improve the overlap of the theoretical with the experimental spectra is the use of a curve that has the convolution of two profiles analyzed: Lorentzian and Gaussian. This curve is called the Voigt profile, which will also be implemented by programmers and studied in a next work
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Nas últimas décadas tem ocorrido um aumento expressivo da incidência de doenças fúngicas. Porém, o tratamento destas infecções pode não ser efetivo, pois os fármacos antifúngicos disponíveis causam sérios efeitos adversos, recorrência ou resistência. Algumas doenças fúngicas causam lesões cutâneas e o medicamento, geralmente administrado por via oral, dificulta a chegada do fármaco no local de ação. Adicionalmente, muitos antifúngicos tópicos não são eficazes, pois o tempo de residência no local de ação é curto e a solubilidade do fármaco nos sistemas é baixa. Uma alternativa muito explorada nos anos recentes é o desenvolvimento de sistemas de liberação de fármacos, e as microemulsões (ME) e os cristais líquidos (CL) mostraram-se promissores, pois podem aumentar o tempo de residência no local de aplicação e a solubilidade de fármacos pouco solúveis em água, como ocorre com o fluconazol (F) e o itraconazol (I). Sistemas nanoestruturados foram desenvolvidos empregando o ácido oleico (AO), álcool cetílico etoxilado 20 OE e propoxilado 5 OP (PROC) e água. Estes sistemas foram caracterizados por microscopia de luz polarizada (MLP), comportamento reológico, análise do perfil de textura (TPA), bioadesão e capacidade de incorporação dos fármacos pelos sistemas. A MLP foi utilizada na caracterização dos sistemas quanto a isotropia e anisotropia, diferenciando as ME dos CL. O comportamento reológico das ME foi Newtoniano e viscoso, e dos CL foi pseudoplástico e elástico e a temperatura não influenciou o comportamento reológico dos sistemas. As propriedades mecânicas das formulações, como dureza, compressibilidade e adesividade, foram avaliadas utilizando um analisador de textura no modo TPA. Os CL de fase hexagonal são os mais bioadesivos. As quantidades incorporadas dos fármacos nos sistemas aumentaram, principalmente comparando-se com... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi o de investigar os sentidos e concepções sobre a infância e a adolescência na sociedade atual e suas implicações no âmbito escolar. Buscamos entender os porquês que esse processo vem ocorrendo tendo como pressuposto sua associação com os modos de tutela e a consequente autonomia e independência precoce que crianças e adolescentes parecem estar adquirindo na sociedade atual. Ao examinar as concepções de infância e adolescência de crianças e adolescentes, buscamos investigar os limites e a autonomia das crianças e dos adolescentes, caracterizando os modos de tutela que os pais empregam na relação com seus filhos e analisar as implicações destas concepções no âmbito escolar
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O estudo aborda a relação entre gravidez na adolescência e evasão escolar. Pesquisas mostram que a gestação precoce pode levar ao abandono escolar pelas adolescentes, por vários motivos, como: sintomas típicos da gravidez, vergonha, preconceito, pressão familiar, escolar, principalmente por parte dos amigos, dentre outros. Com isso, o objetivo geral deste trabalhado foi estudar a relação entre evasão escolar e gravidez na adolescência. A pesquisa é do tipo qualitativa e além da revisão da literatura científica, usamos como metodologia para a coleta de dados a entrevista semi-estruturada com cinco adolescentes grávidas, todas evadidas da escola, a fim de saber os reais motivos que levaram as mesmas a abandonarem a escola, bem como a maneira que a escola trabalhou a educação sexual durante o período em que estudavam, os sentimentos e as perspectivas de vida das futuras mães adolescentes. Os resultados indicaram que: a gravidez na adolescência levou ao abandono escolar das adolescentes entrevistadas; nenhuma das adolescentes planejou a gravidez e nem apresentou sentimento positivo ao descobrirem que estavam grávidas. Notou-se a importância dos grupos de amigos na vida das adolescentes; nenhuma adolescente afirmou estar preparada para a função materna; todas as adolescentes com exceção de uma, mostraram ter planos futuros para suas vidas; a escola apareceu como uma fonte de amizade; as causas do abandono escolar estavam sempre relacionadas com a gestação; a maioria das adolescentes mostraram ter o desejo de retornar a escola; a escola pública, de acordo com a ótica da adolescente, não está preparada para recebê-la, pois as que disseram ter educação sexual, afirmaram que tiveram de maneira bastante superficial.
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Geophysics studies in areas impacted by petroleum derivatives describe abnormalities of both low and high electrical resistivity (the opposite of electrical conductivity), confirmed as contaminant phase by chemical analysis: this contradiction can be explained by degrading processes that naturally occur and create sub products that can change the environment conductivity. Monitoring the variation of the parameters mentioned serves as a comparative basis to the variation in geoelectrical parameters, which identified the correlation between the same contaminant parameters and the difference between their behavior studied apart, as well as its relations with the biodegradation process. The results are applied to the fuel distribution and storage sectors, leading to the diagnosis and monitoring of possible groundwater contamination scenarios, and the knowledge of the area exposure time to the contaminant, besides the better remediation alternative and impacts control. Among some conclusions, the most significant are the decrease in conductivity over time, so as the increase in Eh value in the gasoline contaminated tank, as well as the decrease in the pH value in the second tank with ethanol, which can be attributed to its degradation. Comparing the variations in both tanks, it is evident that Eh, pH and electrical conductivity do not behave temporally in a similar way, although some correlations between Eh and pH can be related.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)